PAST

- Past Simple Tense **Auxiliary Verb: did

P: S + V2 + O Ex: I did my homework.

N: S + didn’t + V1 + O Ex: I didn’t do my homework.

Q: Did + S + V1 + O? Ex: Did you do your homework?

-Past Continuous Tense **Auxiliary Verb: was / were

P: You/we/they + were + Ving + O I/he/she/it + was + Ving + O Ex: I was playing a game. Ex: You were playing a game.

N: You/we/they + weren’t + Ving + O I/he/she/it + wasn’t + Ving + O Ex: I wasn’t playing a game. Ex: You weren’t playing a game.

Q: Were + I/you/we/they + Ving + O? Was + he/she/it + Ving + O? Ex: Was he playing a game? Ex: Were they playing a game?

-Past Perfect Tense **Auxiliary Verb: had

P: S + had + V3 + O Ex: He had been in Scotland.

N: S + hadn’t + V3 + O Ex: He hadn’t been in Scotland.

Q: Had + S + V3 + O? Ex: Had he been in Scotland?

PRESENT

- Present Simple Tense **Auxiliary Verb: do / does

P: I/you/we/they + V1 + O He/she/it + V(s) + O Ex: I watch TV every day. Ex: He watches TV every day.

N: I/you/we/they + don’t + V1 + O He/she/it + doesn’t + V1 + O Ex: They don’t watch TV.

Q: Do + I/you/we/they + V1 + O? Does + he/she/it + V1 + O? Ex: Does she watch TV every day?

-Present Continuous Tense **Auxiliary Verb: am / is / are

P: I + am + Ving + O You/we/they + are + Ving + O He/she/it + is + Ving + O Ex: He is looking his friend.

N: I + am not + Ving + O You/we/they + aren’t + Ving + O He/she/it + isn’t + Ving + O Ex: I am not reading the book.

Q: Am + I + Ving + O? Are + you/we/they + Ving + O? Is + he/she/it + Ving + O? Ex: Are you brushing your teeth?

-Present Perfect Tense **Auxiliary Verb: have / has

P: I/you/we/they + have + V3 + O He/she/it + has + V3 + O Ex: He has finished his work.

N: I/you/we/they + haven’t + V3 + O He/she/it + hasn’t + V3 + O Ex: I haven’t finished my work.

Q: Have + I/you/we/they + V3 + O? Has + he/she/it + V3 + O? Ex: Have you finished your work?

FUTURE

- Future with going to **Auxiliary Verb: am / is / are going to

P: I + am going to + V1 + O You/we/they + are going to + V1 + O He/she/it + is going to + V1 + O Ex: I am going to go to Antalya. N: I + am not going to + V1 + O You/we/they + aren’t going to + V1 + O He/she/it + isn’t going to + V1 + O Ex: You are not going to go to Antalya.

Q: Am + I + going to + V1 + O? Are + you/we/they + going to + V1 + O? Is + he/she/it + going to + V1 + O? Ex: Is he going to go to Antalya?

-Future with will and shall **Auxiliary Verb: will / shall

P: S + will + V1 + O Ex: I will do my job.

N: S + won’t + V1 + O Ex: I won’t be there.

Q: Will + S + V1 + O? Shall + I/we + V1 + O? Ex: Will you be there? Ex: Shall I make you a sandwich?

Abbreviations / Kısaltmalar P = Positive / Pozitif N = Negative / Negatif Q = Question / Soru Ex = Example / Örnek S = Subject / Özne V = Verb / Yüklem O = Object / Nesne **Auxiliary Verb = Yardımcı Fiil

M. Sayid Özcan