OVERALL ASSESSMENT...Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for the NWIO region. The...

2

OVERALL ASSESSMENT

Briefly state the main results of the project so far. These could include key activities, but to the extent possible, focus on the result of the activities (policy changes, institutional capacities, replication, ownership etc). Is there any evidence that the project has reduced gender inequalities?

Previously Reported Results up until 30 October 2020)

OUTCOME 1: Better understanding of Risk Knowledge based on scientific research ACTIVITY 1A: IOC and External facilitators / consultant technical assistance

• RESULT 1: Staff of UNESCO-IOC (Dr. Srinivasa Kumar Tummala, Mr. Ardito Kodijat) and Consultant (Mr. Rick Bailey) provided technical assistance for coordination of the expert meeting during 3 - 6 September 2019 in Muscat, Oman. The regional working group came up with a gap analysis and strategy for collaborative development of a unified Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) including 4 joint activities by expert teams. http://www.ioc-tsunami.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewEventRecord&eventID=2522

• RESULT 2: Staff of UNESCO-IOC (Dr. Srinivasa Kumar Tummala) provided technical assistance for coordination of the meeting of the Expert Teams for the Development of a PTHA for the Makran Region during 2 – 4 December 2020 in Hyderabad, India.

ACTIVITY 1B: Establishment of regional working group and working process between NWIO countries on risk knowledge

• RESULT 1: A regional working group and working process was established under the auspices of ICG/IOTWMS. An expert meeting was organized during 3 – 6 September 2019 in Muscat, Oman.

ACTIVITY 1C: Co-funding on studies on critical issues for risk knowledge in the MSZ

• RESULT 1: A meeting of the Expert Teams for the Development of a PTHA for the Makran Region was organized during 2 – 4 December 2020 in Hyderabad, India.

During the expert meeting held during 3 – 6 September 2019, the regional working group agreed on the development of a unified Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for the NWIO region. The regional working group also identified four joint activities that will support the development of the unified PTHA, supported by three Expert Teams including Member State and international experts. It was also agreed that the project funds earmarked for joint research studies (Study Packages) will be used to facilitate 2 – 3 meetings of Expert Teams and exchange visit (need-based) in support of the development of unified PTHA. The first in the series of expert meetings was organized during 2 – 4 December 2020 in Hyderabad, India.

The meeting was hosted by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) and facilitated by IOTWMS Secretariat, IOTIC and UNESCO Jakarta. Seismic experts and tsunami modelers representing India, Iran, Oman, Germany and USA participated in the meeting. The meeting resulted in an agreement on the computational framework for the development of PTHA for seismic sources, data (existing and required), numerical approaches, numerical tools and finalization of work distribution between partners. The detailed report of the meeting is attached as Annexure-1. Further details of the event can be found at:

http://www.ioc-tsunami.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewEventRecord&eventID=2576



3

The ICG/IOTWMS Task Team on the Makran Source Zone (TT-MSZ) is overseeing the implementation of this project outcome in close association with other ICG/IOTWMS subsidiary bodies. This is being pursued as a community initiative with participatory approach, and hence will lead to ownership and building long-term institutional capacities for tsunami hazard assessment in the region. One female expert contributed at the meeting.

OUTCOME 2: Improvement of warning services at NTWC level and organization of national warning chains to assure timely warnings ACTIVITY 2A: IOC and External facilitators / consultant technical assistance

• RESULT 1: Staff of UNESCO-IOC (Dr. Srinivasa Kumar Tummala, Mr. Ardito Kodijat) and Consultant (Mr. Harald Spahn) provided technical assistance for coordination of the high-level conference on near-field tsunamis organized during 1 – 2 September 2019 in Muscat, Oman.

• RESULT 2: Staff of UNESCO-IOC (Mr. Ardito Kodijat) and Consultant (Mr. Harald Spahn) provided technical assistance for coordination of the regional training workshop on Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) held in Karachi, Pakistan during 24 – 28 February 2020.

ACTIVITY 2B: High-level conference on near-field tsunamis in the Makran Region

• RESULT 1: The high-level conference on near-field tsunamis was organized during 1 – 2 September 2019 in Muscat, Oman that resulted in development of an agreed joint working process to improve national warning chains and advocated the improvement of framework conditions that enable more effective national warnings and community responses. http://www.ioc-tsunami.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewEventRecord&eventID=2521

ACTIVITY 1C: Co-funding on studies on critical issues for risk knowledge in the MSZ

• RESULT 1a: Two numerical models (GPU and CPU based) for tsunami simulations for Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) study are being tested: Tsunami-HySEA and ADCIRC-FEM. Green’s function is being applied in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf and Red Sea. The pilot approach is being verified against with the University of Malaga, which takes 2-hours computational time for a full simulation (of 12 hours) with Tsunami-HySEA on a single GPU server. For a 600-m finite element mesh, a computational time of 21 minutes is achieved whereas for a 5-km mesh a computational time of 2-min is achieved with ADCIRC Model in a CPU based High Performance Computing (HPC) environment of 1024 processors. It has been decided to only take large earthquakes into account in the simulations (i.e. no inclusion of secondary background seismicity). Current discussions around the servers (CINECA, Malaga, INGV and INCOIS) and approach (how many sources, models setup - green’s functions with POIs, full run simulations, etc.) are underway.

The activities have led to Makran countries are taking ownership of producing a unified Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for their region. The regional understanding of the Makran Subduction Zone and its potential tsunami hazard is improving through expert discussion and sharing of recent science among North West Indian Ocean countries. Through international collaboration, scientists in Makran countries are enhancing their expertise in seismology, modelling and tsunami hazard assessment and building networks with like-minded researchers. By highlighting the tsunami hazard to Makran countries, the regional PTHA may influence disaster mitigation initiative such as education, land use planning and tsunami response plans and procedures.

ACTIVITY 2C: 4 Days regional training / workshop on tsunami early warning and emergency response SOPs

• RESULT 1: A regional training workshop on SOPs for tsunami early warning was organized during 24 – 28 February 2020 in Karachi,


4

Pakistan.

The meeting was hosted by the Pakistan Meteorological Department in close cooperation with the UNDP Pakistan, and facilitated by IOTWMS Secretariat, IOTIC, UNESCO-Jakarta and UNESCO Islamabad. Participants representing National Tsunami Warning Centres and Disaster Management Organisations of Iran, Pakistan and Oman, in addition to experts from IOC, UNESCAP, UNDP and Consultant attended. The workshop helped consolidating the national warning chains, policy recommendations regarding design of warning chains for near-filed threats, possibilities for a harmonized approach for tsunami warning schemes in the NWIO region and assessment on current status of SOPs along the national warning chain. The detailed report of the training workshop is attached as Annexure-2. Further details of

the event can be found at http://www.ioc-tsunami.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewEventRecord&eventID=2635

The ICG/IOTWMS Task Team on Tsunami Preparedness for a Near-Field Tsunami Hazard (TT-Near Field) is overseeing implementation of this outcome (near-field SOPs) in close association with the other ICG/IOTWMS subsidiary bodies. Being closely tied with the overall ICG/IOTWMS governance, there is a very strong possibility for this work to be sustained beyond the project period and also replicated for regions beyond Makran. It is expected that the National Working Groups established under the project will also continue beyond the duration of the project and enhance long-term institutional capacities for tsunami preparedness in the region. Seven female experts contributed at the meeting.

• RESULT 1a: a series of virtual national consultative meetings are being held with India, Iran, Oman, and Pakistan. The virtual consultations resulted from a switch in the modality of the project during the Covid-19 pandemic and focus on development of national Working Groups, warning chains and standard operating procedures for tsunami response. During the May to October 2020 reporting period, one national consultation meeting was held in India, Iran and Oman whereas in Pakistan three national consultation meetings have been held.

▪ National consultative meetings with Pakistan, 11 June 2020 ▪ National consultative meetings with Pakistan, 18 June 2020 ▪ National consultative meeting with Iran, 23 June 2020 ▪ National consultative meeting with India, 03 July 2020 ▪ National consultative meeting with Oman, 02 July 2020 ▪ National consultative meetings with Pakistan, 26 October 2020

India and Oman are the most advanced in their overall tsunami response. In Iran and Pakistan several challenges in the overall tsunami response have been identified, for example, collaboration between upstream and downstream agencies requires attention.

The activities have let to the set-up of national warning chains in all four countries meeting the time requirements of near-field tsunami threats from the Makran Subduction Zone. Increasing dialog and collaboration amongst in-country stakeholders had helped to identify weak segments in the end-to-end warning chain. Makran countries have recognized the benefits and are engaging to harmonize their tsunami warning products including thresholds, threat levels, warning colours and consistency of messaging and advice.

As in the initial project design, the result of the activities under outcome 2 will be tested in IOWave20, amidst the COVID-19, the IOWave20 Exercise was conducted on October 6 (Sunda Trench Scenario), October 13 (Andaman Trench Scenario), and October 20 (Makran Scenario). Three countries within this project framework participated in the IOWave20 (India, Oman, and Pakistan). Iran was not able to participate in IOWave20 Exercise due to the high case of COVID-19. India participated in IOWave exercise based on two scenarios


5

(Andaman Trench and Makran Trench), the India did hybrid (online and physical) table top exercise to Validate the Warning Centre dissemination process for issuing Tsunami Bulletins to various disaster management authorities and other participating agencies and validate the reception of the notification messages by DMOs. Oman participated only in the Makran Trench Scenario with hybrid (online and physical) tabletop exercise to validate the SOP and dissemination of warning product. Pakistan participated in the IOWave20 exercise using the three scenarios with a functional exercise to test SOP within the organization and communication with selected stakeholders.

Results of the Project between November 2020 and April 2021:

The reporting period coincided with ongoing international travel restrictions associated with the Covid-19 pandemic. Consequently, the project workplan for the November to April reporting period was modified to be entirely online with a focus on progressing both project outcomes: 1) better understanding of the risk knowledge based on scientific research and 2) improvement of warning services at NTWC level and the organization of the national warning chains to assure timely warnings and rapid response with due emphasis on self-protection for near source events. Progress was achieved via national consultation meetings, a regional workshop on Harmonization of NTWC Warnings and Products, and a meeting on development of the Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for the Makran region. The post-IOWave20 webinar, held on 11-12 November 2020, provided an opportunity for Member States to report on their activities during the Exercise Indian Ocean Wave 2020 (IOWave20) held in October. All Makran countries attended this event and India, Oman and Pakistan gave reports on their experience during the Exercise. As reported previously, Iran did not participate in Exercise IOWave due to staffing issues related to Covid-19. Overall, the Makran countries reported that the Exercise provided an excellent opportunity to test their upstream tsunami warning chain and standard operating procedures that they have developed and/or enhanced through the UNESCAP-funded project. Despite delays in the in-person national and regional workshops, momentum and progress towards tsunami preparedness have continued in the Makran countries. Specifically, countries have had more time to develop their national Working Groups, warning chains and standard operating procedures for tsunami response. Moreover, the lack of face-to-face meetings with the Project team has resulted in the Member States taking increasing ownership of coordinating national tsunami response. OUTCOME 1: Better understanding of Risk Knowledge based on scientific research ACTIVITY 1C: Co-funding on studies on critical issues for risk knowledge in the MSZ

• RESULT 1a: Progress on the Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for the Makran region was discussed during the Coordination Meeting on 12 March 2021.

▪ Work towards the Makran PTHA is underway with model simulations run for all scenario. Next the probabilistic calculations (i.e. wave heights at points of interest computed for all seismic stations) will be prepared by end of May and completion of the first version of the PTHA by end of June.

▪ The face-to-face expert team meeting, which is important for acceptance and ownership of the PTHA model regionally, has not been scheduled due to the Covid-19 pandemic. INCOIS has offered to host this meeting if there is advanced time for arrangements.

6

▪ A two to four-week scientific exchange visit to enable an INCOIS researcher to collaborate with European PTHA modelers is being organize for quarter 3 of 2021. This would be after the PTHA code is adopted to the Makran region and before the final model is produced.

▪ Regarding the scientific meeting, the host Oman has noted that it will be difficult to schedule prior to October 2021 due to uncertainties arising from the pandemic not allowing time for advanced planning. Postponing it to 2022 is an option that would require a project extension.

OUTCOME 2: Improvement of warning services at NTWC level and organization of national warning chains to assure timely warnings ACTIVITY 2C: 4 Days regional training / workshop on tsunami early warning and emergency response SOPs

• RESULT 1a: Due to restrictions in international travel during the Covid-19 pandemic, national consultative meetings continue to be held online with India, Iran and Pakistan. The primary focus is to develop national Working Groups, warning chains and standard operating procedures for tsunami response. During the November 2020 to April 2021 reporting period, two national consultation meeting were held in India and Iran whereas four were held in Pakistan. ▪ National consultative meetings with India, 19 November 2020 ▪ National consultative meeting with Pakistan, 24 November 2020 ▪ Regional workshop on Harmonization of NTWC Tsunami Warnings and Products in the North West Indian Ocean (with all Makran

countries), 26 November 2020 ▪ National consultative meeting with Pakistan, 13 January 2021 ▪ National consultative meeting with Iran, 14 January 2021 ▪ National consultative meeting with Pakistan, 01 February 2021 ▪ National consultation with India as part of Coordination Meeting on the Development of PTHA for the Makran Region, 12 March 2021 ▪ National consultative meeting with Pakistan, 30 March 2021 ▪ National consultative meeting with Iran, 06 April 2021

India and Oman are the most advanced in their overall tsunami response. In Iran and Pakistan challenges include collaboration between upstream and downstream agencies and commitment of downstream players (i.e. national and local disaster management organizations).

The Regional Workshop on harmonization of National Tsunami Warning Center warnings and products in the North West Indian Ocean (held on 26 November 2020) achieved more uniform tsunami warning thresholds, threat levels, warning colours and consistency of messaging and advice.

7

ACTIVITY WORK PLAN

Activity Time Frame Trust Fund Contribution Trust Fund Contribution

Spent Description of progress

OUTCOME 1: Better understanding of the risk knowledge based on scientific research

1 Makran Probabilistic

Tsunami Hazard

Assessment

May 2020 –

April 2021

1. Staff:

USD 10,945.00

2. Travel:

USD 52,956.00

3. Contractual Services:

USD 71,576.00

4. Supplies:

USD 4,000.00

5. General Operating Direct

Cost:

USD 3,800.00

Total Activity Cost:

USD 143,277.00

1. Staff:

USD 10.324,70

2. Travel:

USD 14,833.38


USD 31.698,65

4. Supplies:

USD 425.28


Cost:

USD 585.71


USD 57.867.72

Following the meeting on 28 May, much progress has

been made in developing the PTHA as reported in the 20

August and 30 June meetings. The key progress for May

to October 2020 includes:

• Initial benchmark PTHA models simulations have been

run at INCIOS, India.

• A detailed comparison analysis between two codes is

being undertaken before routine simulations

commence.

• The model testing is 90% complete.

The key progress for November 2020 to April 2021

includes:

• Model simulations run for all scenarios

• Probabilistic calculations commenced

• Scientific exchange visit to enable an INCOIS

researcher to work with European PTHA modelers is

under discussion

OUTCOME 2: Improvement of warning services at NTWC level and the organization of the national warning chains to assure timely warnings and rapid response with due emphasis on self-protection for near source events

2 National

Consultation

Meeting with Iran

23 June 2020

14 Jan 2021

06 Apr 2021

1. Staff:

USD 15,950.00

2. Travel:

USD 97,037.00


USD 53,065.00

4. Supplies:

USD 6,250.00


Cost:

1. Staff:

USD 2.221,72

2. Travel:

USD 32,382.89


USD 9, 608.51

4. Supplies:

USD 165.30


Cost:

Project actives in Iran include:

• Establishment of a National Working Group

• An updated Standard Operating Procedure was

developed in line with the overall layout of the warning

chain and time requirements.

• Iran did not participate in Exercise IOWave20 due to

the pandemic.

• NTWC products updated in accordance with the

harmonization workshop.

INIOAS has agreed to engage with coastal provinces

8

USD 5,314.00


USD 177,616.00

USD 152.23


USD 44.530,66

(Hormozgan, Sistan, Baluchistan) to link the DMO

with the NTWC.

3 National

Consultation

Meeting with India

03 July 2020

19 Nov 2020

12 Mar 2021

Project activities in India include:

• The already established national board for Tsunami

Ready and IOWave exercises will serve as the National

Working Group for this project.

• The Standard Operating Procedure was developed in

line with the overall layout of the warning chain and

time requirements.

• India participated in the Makran and Andaman

scenarios during Exercise IOWave20.

• India has been identified as a key contributor to the

upcoming project media workshop (June 2021).

4 National

Consultation

Meeting with Oman

02 July 2020 Project activities in Oman include:

• Establishment of a National Working Group


developed in line with the overall layout of the warning

chain and time requirements.

• Oman participated in the Makran scenario during

Exercise IOWave20.

• Oman has been identified as a key contributor to the

upcoming project media workshop (June 2021).

5 National

Consultation

Meetings with

Pakistan

11 June 2020

18 June 2020

26 Oct 2020

24 Nov 2020

13 Jan 2021

01 Feb 2021

30 Mar 2021

Project activities in Pakistan include:

• Partial establishment of a National Working Group


developed by in line with the overall layout of the

warning chain and time requirements.

• Pakistan participated in the Makran scenario during

Exercise IOWave20.

• Upgrades to the national tsunami warning centre at

PMD underway including new software for seismic

and tsunami analysis, and procurement of sirens and

broadband seismometers.

• Ongoing discussions with UNDP with a view to

synergize with their tsunami projects in Pakistan.

6 Consultancy:

Harald Spahn

October 2020 to

June 2021

The consultancy is focused on providing technical advice

and monitoring to support the national working process to

finalize warning chains and establish SOPs between

NTWCs and DMOs.

Activities include:

9

• Coordination with project management on next steps

and timelines for national and regional consultations

with partner countries including submission of

Working Plan proposal.

• Virtual observation of Exercise IOWave at Pakistan

NTWC (20-Oct.) and preparation of summary of

findings.

• Content-related preparation of the virtual meeting with

Pakistan (26-Oct), technical advice during the meeting

and preparation of summary report.

• Review the tsunami early warning SOPs in Makran

countries.

• Provide recommendations to improve SOPs to assure

timely warnings and rapid response for near source

events at national level.

• Participate and facilitate national and regional virtual

consultation meetings.

7 Regional workshop

on Harmonization of

NTWC Tsunami

Warnings and

Products in the North

West Indian Ocean

26 Nov 2020 The online workshop was attended by 21 participants

including representatives from the Makran countries. The

objective was to discuss and agree on a harmonized

approach for NTWC warnings and products in the

Makran region. This included advice provided by

NTWCs and the logic, terminology and colour codes of

tsunami warning levels.

10

LESSONS LEARNED

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic the project has had to adjust the working modalities and focused on online national consultations and regional workshops. The delay in holding physical meetings has provided an opportunity to support in strengthening national working mechanisms and intra-institutional collaboration in the Makran region. It has also encouraged project ownership amongst regional stakeholders to increase.

In some instances, the pandemic has taken priority over tsunami related work in the Makran countries. For this reason, Iran did not participate in the Exercise IOWave20 in October. Furthermore, the Exercise had to be scaled back to primary focus on the upstream components of the tsunami warning system.

In regard to the PTHA work, this has taken longer than initially anticipated. Reasons for this relate to the complexity of work in ensuring the simulations are robust and accurate. Key decisions (e.g. choosing the best modelling software, the institutional severs to run the models on, the number of simulations, and dimensions of the mesh) could only be made following the model set-up, benchmarking and computation. A benefit of this process has been a large increase in the capacity to undertake this type of modelling amongst Makran scientists and research institutions (i.e. INCOIS).

SUSTAINABILITY

Please elaborate on any progress towards ensuring that this project results in a long-term benefit to the project stakeholders.

Being closely tied with the overall ICG/IOTWMS governance, there is a very strong possibility that this important work, working groups and working process will be sustained beyond the project period and also replicated for regions beyond Makran.

The National Working Groups established under the project will also continue beyond the project resulting in enhanced long-term institutional capacities for tsunami preparedness in the region. This was exhibited in the various online activities organized by ICG/IOTWMS and IOTIC such as the Pre and Post IOWave Webinars, the WTAD Webinars, and intersessional meetings of the Steering Group, Working Group and Task Teams.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION

ICG/IOTWMS SECRETARIAT

Record of Discussions

Online Meeting on Development of Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for the Makran Region

UNESCAP Project on Strengthening Tsunami Warning in the North West Indian Ocean through Regional Cooperation

1. Date of the Meeting: 12 March 2021

2. Mode: Microsoft Teams

3. Meeting Participants

● Dr. Andrey Babeyko (GFZ, Germany)● Mr. Patanjali Kumar Chodavarapu (INCOIS, India)● Mr. Pattabhi Rama Rao Eluri (INIOAS, India)● Dr. Sudheer Joseph (INCOIS, India)● Ms. V. Sunanda Manneela (INCOIS, India)● Dr. Balakrishnan Nair T.M. (INCOIS, India)● Dr. Srinivasa Kumar Tummala (INCOIS, India)● Dr. Juma Said Al-Maskari (DGMET, Oman)● Mr. Ardito Kodijat (IOTIC, UNESCO-Jakarta)● Ms. Nora Gale (ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat, UNESCO-IOC)

4. Overview

Mr. Ardito Kodijat briefed that the project “Strengthening Tsunami Warning in the North West Indian Ocean through Regional Cooperation” is now extended until the end of October 2021. In July, when the extension was requested, there were three remaining activities under Objective 1 “better understanding of the risk knowledge based on scientific research”. The remaining activities include 1) the expert team meeting, 2) exchange visit(s) at regional level, which was previously included as part of study packages, and 3) the scientific exchange meeting. Furthermore, consultative meetings with stakeholders; consultative communication with UNESCO-IOC tsunami unit and donor UNESCAP; studies on critical issues for risk knowledge; regional consultancy support; and scientific workshops also contribute to this objective.

Due to the ongoing travel restrictions associated with the Covid-19 pandemic, it is still not possible to undertake the remaining project activities involving travel during the 1st semester of 2021. The project management team is consulting with the stakeholders and partners to adjust the timeframes for both Objective 1 and 2 activities. The project management team will communicate with UNESCAP to convey the revisions to the project timetable in April and to request further guidance on implementation of the project.

1

2

The project management team will decide in June if a second no-cost extension needs to be requested from the donor, taking into consideration that the cost to do the activities might not be sufficient due to the change and increase of prices (i.e. airfares) and/or to change several modalities in implementing the activities.

5. Discussions

5.1 Model Simulations

Dr. Andrey Babeyko reviewed the Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for the Makran Region workplan. The list of possible scenarios will be calculated until mid-April with two important milestones to follow. Milestone 1, to be completed by the end of May, entails preparation for probabilistic calculations, that is, wave heights at points of interest are computed for all seismic stations. Milestone 2, to be completed by the end of June, entails completion of the first version of the PTHA. Dr. Babeyko noted that as soon as the code is adopted to the Makran any modifications will not be complicated. Dr. Babeyko shared the workplan until end of June 2021 (refer to Annex 1).

Mr. Patanjali Kumar Chodavarapu briefed that the modelling in the shallow basins is underway. The codes for the Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf have been confirmed. The Arabian sea models are completed, and the results will be analysed soon.

Dr. Juma Al-Maskari enquired about modelling in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Andrey replied that the Green’s function approach will stop at the boundary between the two domains. However, models of large magnitude earthquakes will be used to determine how much energy will travel into these zones.

5.2 Expert Team Meeting

Dr. Srinivasa Kumar Tummala enquired about the expert team meeting. Mr. Kodijat noted there is budget for the meeting, but due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic it has not yet been scheduled. Dr. Tummala highlighted the importance in engaging the regional modelling community to ensure acceptance and ownership of the PTHA model. He noted the current travel restrictions [related to Covid-19], emphasised the benefit of holding a face-to-face meeting once the restrictions are lifted even if this means applying for no cost project extension. Furthermore, he kindly offered that INCOIS could host an expert meeting if there is advanced time for arrangements.

5.3 Exchange Visit

Dr. Babeyko noted the benefit of a two to four-week exchange visit to progress the PTHA calculations in June following completion of the first version of the PTHA. There was a discussion about the remaining funds to facilitate this visit. It was decided that it would be worthwhile for an INCOIS researcher to visit Rome.

Mr. Kodijat noted that the scientific exchange visit could be facilitated by establishing an IPA contract with INCOIS.

At this stage the experts could be together between end of July and September. This would be after the code is adopted to the Makran region and before the final model is produced. The group proposed this could be done as a physical meeting or online with subsequent exchange of opinions via google docs or something.

3

5.4 Scientific Meeting

Dr. Al-Maskari commented on organising a scientific meeting. He noted that it will be difficult to schedule prior to October 2021 due to uncertainties because of the pandemic not allowing time for advanced planning. Therefore, he suggested to postpone the scientific meeting to next year to allow better scientific preparation, therefore requiring for a project extension.

6 Any Other Business

6.1 Makran Project: Objective 2

Mr. Kodijat provided a brief report on the activities of Objective 2 on improvement of warning services at NTWC level and the organisation of the national warning chains to assure timely warnings and rapid response with due emphasis on self-protection for near source events. He noted that national consultative meetings continue to be held with the four participating countries [India, Iran, Oman, Pakistan] as well as a regional meeting on harmonisation of NTWC products. The participants are re-aligning the work programme for the ongoing period of travel restrictions, which are anticipated to last until at least June 2021.

6.2 13th Sessional Meeting of the ICG/IOTWMS

Ms. Nora Gale recalled that the Government of Indonesia has kindly offered to host the 13th session of the ICG/IOTWMS. Due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and following consultation with its Member States, the Steering Group has decided to hold the next sessional meeting of the ICG during May 2022 in Bali, Indonesia. The 13th Session will be held back-to-back with the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction meeting.

In preparation for the 13th Session of ICG/IOTWMS, a pre-ICG intersessional meeting will be held online during the second half of 2021. This will ensure that you are informed of the status of the workplan and can discuss upcoming activities. Elections and policy decisions will not occur during the 2021 pre-ICG online meeting.

7 Summary of Actions

The tentative workplan of remaining Objective 1 activities is provided in Annex 2.

Action 1: The project team to work with INCOIS in preparation for the IPA contract to organise the scientific exchange visit.

8 Meeting Close

In closing, Mr. Kodijat noted appreciation of the work undertaken by the PTHA team toward better understanding the tsunami risk in the Makran region based on scientific research. He closed the meeting at 09:30 UTC.

Annex 1

Draft of the PTHA work plan

Abbreviations used for person names:

AB - Andrey Babeyko

PK - Patanjali Kumar

SM - Sunanda Maneela

AS - Antonio Scala

FR - Fabrizio Romano

JS - Jacopo Selva

Task ID

Task description Depends on

Assigned to

Status

Source modeling: Generic tasks

SMG1 Define geometries of seismic zones AB 30%: Ask Oman for the rest zones End March

SMG2 Define rate (Guttenberg-Richter) parameters for each zone SMG1 SM Adopt from the Oman’s model (published) End May

Source modeling: Predominant seismicity (PS)

SMP1 Define PS geometry AS+FR done

SMP2 Provide slip distributions (by defining rupture discretization parameters) SMP1 AS+FR done

4

SMP3 Calculate initial uplifts SMP2 FR End April

Source modeling: Background seismicity (BS)

SMB1 Define discretization model for zones (variations of: hypocentres, Mw, angles) SMG1 SM Mid April

SMB2 Generate a list of scenarios (Okada faults) for each zone following discretization model

SMB1 SM+AB Mid April

SMB3 Define probability density functions for each parameter in each zone SMB1 AB+SM End May

Propagation modeling: Generic tasks

PMG1 Update “Tsunami GF Toolbox” with linear combinations to the current project setup

AB Mid April

Propagation modeling: Arabian Sea with elementary sources

PMA1 Set up bathymetry and grid PK done

PMA2 Set up POIs PMA1 PK done

PMA3 Set up elementary sources AB done

PMA4 Compute elementary Green’s functions PMA1-3 INGV+AB done

PMA5 Perform propagation modeling for PS zones PMG1 AB End May

3 3

5

PMA4 SMP3

PMA6 Perform propagation modeling for BS zones PMG1 PMA4 SMB2

AB End May

Propagation modeling: Shallow basins with ACDRC

PMS1 Set up bathymetry and grid PK done

PMS2 Set up POIs PK done

PMS3 Perform propagation modeling for BS zones PMS1-2 SMB2

PK End May

Probabilistic calculations

PC1 Tune the software package JS+AB End May

PC2 1st version of PTHA PC1 PMA5-6 PMS3 SMG1 SMB3

End June

Milestones:

MS1: End May - be prepared for probabilistic calculations, i.e., wave heights at POIs are computed for the all seismic scenarios

MS2: End June - first version ready

6

7

Annex 2

Workplan of remaining Objective 1 activities (tentative)



Regional workshop on Harmonization of NTWC Tsunami Warnings and Products in the North West Indian Ocean



1. Date of the Meeting: 26 November 2020


3. Meeting Participants:

• India: Dr. Srinivas Kumar Tummala, Mr. Ajay Kumar Bandela, Mr. Patanjali Kumar Chodavarapu, Ms. Sunanda Manneela (INCOIS)

• Iran: Dr. Ali Khoshkholgh, Dr. Mahmood Reza Akbarpour Jannat (INIOAS), Dr. Mohammad Mokhtari (IIEES)

• Pakistan: Mr. Ameer Hyder, Mr. Tariq Ibrahim, Mr. Karam Kham (PMD); Mr. Naeem Iqbal (UNDP) • Oman: Dr. Juma AlMaskari, Mr. Jaifar Al-Busaidi, Ms. Noura AlKaabi • Invited Experts: Mr. Rick Bailey (Australia), Dr. Yuelong Miao (Australia) • UNESCO-IOC Project Team: Mr. Harald Spahn (Project Consultant); Mr. Ardito Kodijat (IOTIC,

UNESCO-Jakarta); Ms. Nora Gale (ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat, UNESCO-IOC)

4. Introduction

Mr. Ardito Kodijat welcome all participants to the online regional workshop on Harmonization of National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC) Tsunami Warnings and Products in the North West Indian Ocean, which contributes towards the UNESCAP-funded project on Strengthening tsunami early warning in the North West Indian Ocean region through regional collaboration (also referred to as Makran Project). Mr. Kodijat noted that this regional workshop will be in addition to the activity programme of the Makran project. He presented the workshop’s agenda, which was accepted without modification. The Concept note for the regional workshop is contained within Annex 1 of this report.

The regional, national and local-level Makran project activities were reviewed. The last in-person event was held in Karachi in February. Due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, the in-person workshops of the Makran project have been postponed by 1-year pending the lifting of international travel restrictions. The pandemic has provided an opportunity to provide more time on the national level revising the warning chains and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Exercise Indian Ocean Wave 2020 (IOWave20) was

2

conducted during 6-20 October and the post-IOWave workshop was held on 11-12 November. The outputs of today’s workshop will include harmonisation of warning levels and advice given by NTWC.

5. NTWC Warning Levels: Thresholds, Terminology and Colour Codes

5.1 Clarification on Reference: “wave amplitude”/ “wave height”

Mr. Harald Spahn reported that prior to the Karachi workshop (February 2020) all participating North West Indian Ocean (NWIO) countries [Iran, India, Oman, Pakistan] had established warning levels, however, Pakistan did not have any for near-field threats. In order to harmonise the reporting of warning levels based on water level thresholds, it is important to confirm if all countries are using the same measurement for threshold determination.

It was confirmed that the reporting of threshold water levels is not consistent among NWIO member states. India and Iran both report tsunami wave amplitude, and India specifically reports the positive amplitude value. In contrast, Pakistan and Oman both report tsunami wave height. Pakistan expressed that they prefer to use wave height to avoid misunderstanding in the warning message.

As wave height is greater than amplitude by a factor of 2 and the numerical threshold values are approximately the same, in practice this means that India and Iran have set a threshold value that is half of that set by Pakistan and Oman.

There was also a discussion around the water depth that the water level measurement is taken at. Oman is reporting at 30 m water depth while India and Iran is reporting at “max beach” (~1 m water depth; a Tsunami Service Provider terminology). Mr. Rick Bailey noted that Australia uses the tide gauge depth (~2-3 m).

As a wave height measurement at 30m water depth will greatly differ than at 1-3m water depth, it would be difficult to compare such measurements.

Ms. Sunanda Maneela drew reference to the IOTWMS Service Definition Document and recommended that member states reference this document in their decision making process.

Mr. Ali Khoshkholgh noted India’s role as a Tsunami Service Provider requires that they adhere with the wave reporting terminology in the IOTWMS Service Definition Document. Therefore, he suggested that other member states adopt the same reporting terminology (i.e. amplitude and max beach) for the purpose of harmonisation.

5.2 Harmonisation of terminology for warning levels (Advisory, Alert, Watch) and respective Colour Codes

Mr. Spahn presented the current thresholds, warning levels and colour codes used by the NWIO member states (as shown in the table below). During the Karachi workshop, warning level colours were agreed: Warning (red), Alert (orange), Watch (yellow) and No Threat (green).

3

Iran, Indian and Pakistan confirmed that they are using the colours and terminology. Pakistan noted that this is included in the draft tsunami guideline. Oman noted they use Advisory (not Watch), so the colour is same but the terminology is not. Oman will consider this change as they would ideally they would like to full harmonisation in the NWIO.

Mr. Spahn shared the recommendations on harmonisation products and terminologies from Global Service Definition Document as highlighted in the right-hand-side table (TOWS TTTWO, 2011). Notably threat level 1 is for far-field events.

Mr. Bailey noted that the numbering system with a corresponding colour and response would be a good way to proceed in the Indian Ocean region. The number and colour could be interchangeable.

Dr. Mokhtari emphasis that the secondary effects (i.e. tsunamis resulting from landslides, volcanoes, etc.) need further consideration in terms of tsunami warning levels.

5.3 The importance of “no threat” messages to the public

Mr. Spahn noted the concept of a “no threat” message to the public for an earthquake that is felt, but does not pose a tsunami threat. A “no threat” message could either be considered as a warning level and hence be communicated as a warning bulletin or as a separate message. It differs from 1) an “end of threat” or “threat passed” message, which is part of the warning cancellation corresponding to sea level readings that show the tsunami is below destructive levels and 2) an “all clear” message, which is usually issued by local authorities to indicate when it is safe to go back into the hazard zone.

Of the Makran countries, only Oman has a “no threat” message for felt earthquakes below M6.5 included in their public alerts.

Iran reported that based on current SOP, earthquake information is issued for all events of M5.0 and above by NTWC and a “no threat” is issued for these events when earthquake magnitude is less than M7.0 or wave amplitude is below 0.2m.

India reported that for local earthquakes in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands no threat messages are sent for earthquakes above M5.5. These are restricted to local administrators (not the public). For events above M6.5, the information is published to the INCOIS website, but is not pushed to the public.

4

Dr. Tummala noted the importance of being certain that the earthquakes have not generated a tsunami, so that false “no threat” messages are not issued. Furthermore, for near source events the general advice is when you feel an earthquake move to higher ground. If warning centres issue “no threat” messages, this could lead to the expectation that such messages will be issued by the warning centre and result in complacency.

Mr. Kodijat noted in Indonesia, many communities self-evacuate based on natural warning signs. If there is no threat they will receive this information and safely return.

Dr. Mohammad Mokhtari noted that secondary effects can also generate tsunami as was seen in the 1945 Makran tsunami with splay faulting and landslides following the earthquake.

Pakistan issue only earthquake information for events in the MSZ below M6.5.

Oman uses “no threat” as a threat level for areas with less than 0.2 m waves generated by regional earthquake. For events outside the region, earthquake information is issued with a note that there is no threat to Oman. There is a different organisation, Sultan Qaboos University, dealing with earthquakes. For tsunamis if the earthquake is between M5.5 and M6.5, a no threat message will be issued even if the earthquake is not felt.

6. Discussion of the advice given by NTWCs

6.1 Advice in “Alert”/ “Watch” levels

Mr. Spahn provided a comparison on warning and guidance before and after the Karachi workshop (as shown in the following tables).

(a) Tsunami warning guidance prior to the Karachi workshop.

5

(b) Tsunami warning guidance following the Karachi workshop.

Dr. Tummala explained that from the perspective of the Inter ICG Task Team on Tsunami Watch Operations (2011) there are four colours corresponding to threat levels 0-3 (refer to table below). This numbers reflect that different terminology is being used in different countries. Each threat level has a colour and potential impact that should correspond to public action. Public messaging from the tsunami warning centres should be very clear, especially as we are dealing with near-threat tsunamis.

6

In Iran the same colour code is used, but high, medium and low threats are used instead of numbers such that high (red) = move to high ground, medium (orange) = move away from beach, low (yellow) = be prepared to act.

In India the threat levels of 3 (warning), 2 (alert), and 1 (watch) and implemented in warning information. The advice being provided is also aligned with the TOWS Task Team on Tsunami Watch Operations guidelines.

Oman is trying to harmonise their tsunami warning levels with floods and tropical cyclones. Using the number system would solve many issues.

Pakistan noted that their Bulletin 1 can includes advice to evacuation to higher ground. They do not use colour as it is not contained in a text message, but may incorporate colour codes in the future.

In principle, the group saw merit in using the inter-ICG Task Team on Tsunami Watch Operations threat levels and harmonised advice to the public. The threshold parameters and values should be further discussed in terms of associated response and impact.

6.2 Call for Evacuation

The decision to make the evacuation call is at the national-level in Oman and the local-level in India, Iran and Pakistan. The national arrangements are satisfactory and there is no need to change these procedures.

6.3 Decision on “All Clear”

Mr. Spahn reminded on the difference between "End of threat" and "All clear" messages. The “End of Threat” or “Threat passed” is a bulletin issued by the NTWC and represents the cancellation of the warning, while an “All Clear” is issued to the public when it is safe for them to return to the evacuated zones. According to the Tsunami Glossary (2019), a warning will be cancelled (or lifted) when damaging waves have stopped coming ashore. A cancellation is issued when sea level readings indicate that the tsunami is below destructive levels and subsiding in most monitored locations (for > 2 hours). After a warning is cancelled, an All-Clear condition is issued by local authorities (not the NTWC) to the public when it is safe for them to return to the evacuated zones.

Dr. Tummala explained the IOTWMS WG-2 has recommended that TSPs issue a “threat past” when model simulations indicate that a sea-level change of 0.5 m amplitude has not occurred for 2 hours. The time of “threat past” will vary for different coastal forecast zones.

In India the same TSP criteria have been adopted by the NTWC for issuing a “threat past” for national events. The LDMOs are responsible for informing the public when it is safe for them to return to the evacuated coastlines (“all clear”).

In Iran an “all clear” is the responsibility of the local authority.

In Oman and Pakistan there is no policy on the “all clear” and this requires follow-up.

7

Dr. Yuelong Miao recalled that even after the tsunami waves have subsided, it may not be safe to return the area of impact due to debris, damage to buildings and infrastructure, etc. Therefore, the “all clear” should be disseminated by the local authority.

7. Reflections on the Workshop

Representatives from the Makran member states were invited to give their reflections on the workshop.

Mr. Patanjali Kumar Chodavarapu (India) referred to the warning levels recommended by the TOWS Task Team on Tsunami Watch Operations. He noted that warning levels 0, 2 and 3 correspond to thresholds. However, he was confused about how to apply warning level 1 to near-field events.

Mr. Ali Khoshkholgh (Iran) noted the usefulness of this workshop. He reflected that harmonisation has been achieved across many area, but not all areas (i.e. threat levels). Further harmonisation of warnings and products in the NWIO region would be beneficial.

Dr. Juma AlMaskari (Oman) noted that there is much work to be done across all levels in the Indian Ocean. He emphasised the importance of harmonisation of NWTC warnings and products across all IOTWMS member states drawing reference to similar issues with consistency in messaging for cyclones. Future workshops involving NDMO and LDMO should assist in further aligning the colour codes and messaging in each member state.

Mr. Ameer Hyder noted that Pakistan has learnt a lot during this workshop and will improve their SOPs based on the discussions. PMD will discuss inclusion of the colour code in tsunami warning with national stakeholders.

8. Way Forward

Ms. Gale summarised the discussions of the meeting including findings, open issues, actions and recommendations. There was agreement to raise unresolved issues to the bodies of the ICG/IOTWMS through WG-2 and WG-NWIO.

General actions and recommendations included:

• Action: Project representative(s) to report on the harmonisation status and issues at the WG-2 and WG-NWIO meetings and seek advice from these working groups on best practice.

• Recommendation: National discussions take place now with the upstream-downstream organisations noting that it is not clear on the physical workshops next year due to the pandemic situation

Issues relating to the discussion on NTWC warning levels: thresholds, terminology and colour codes are summarised below.

Clarification on reference: “wave amplitude”/ “wave height” • Finding: Reporting on wave height or amplitude is not consistent among Makran countries. There

is also not agreement on the depth the measurement is taken at. India and Iran report amplitude while Pakistan and Oman report wave height.

• Open Issue: Is the wave measurement taken at the coastline or at 30-m water depth? • Recommendation: Member States to look at the TSP SSD before deciding on how to proceed with

use of wave height or amplitude and the depth of this measurement.

8

• Recommendation: Raise this issue with WG-2 for their recommendation on terminology.

Harmonisation of terminology for warning levels (Advisory, Alert, Watch) and respective Colour Codes.

• Finding: There is consistency in the colours being used for warning levels, In the case of Oman, there is an inconsistency in terminology where Advisory (not Watch) is used

• Open Issue: Consider incorporating secondary effects (i.e. tsunamis resulting from landslides, volcanoes, etc.) into the tsunami warning levels.

• Recommendation: Raise this issue with WG-2/WG-NWIO and request for their guidance on best practice.

The importance of “no threat” messages to the public

• Finding: In general, “no threat” messages are issued for events above M6.5 only. Below this magnitude, “no threat” messages are only being sent for earthquakes below M6.5 in Oman and the Andaman and Nicobar region of India.

• Open Issue: Should there be a policy on providing no threat messages for local felt earthquakes (below M6.5 thresholds that pose no threat)?

• Recommendation: Raise this issue with WG-2/WG-NWIO and request for their guidance on best practice.

• Note that we do not want to issue a false warning (i.e. atypical events such as landslides) or discourage self-evacuation based on the natural warning signs.

Issues relating to the discussion on the advice given by NTWCs are summarised below.

Advice on Alert / Watch levels • Finding: Makran countries are trending towards harmonised advice on alert/watch levels. • Open issue: The threshold parameters and values should be further discussed in terms of

associated response and impacts. • Recommendation: Raise this issue with WG-2/WG-NWIO and request for their guidance on best

practice. Call for evacuations

• Finding: The decision to make the evacuation call is at the national-level in Oman and the local-level in India, Iran and Pakistan. The national arrangements are satisfactory and there is no need to change these procedures. Decision on All Clear

• Finding: In India there should be no sea level changes of more than 0.5 m amplitude for a period of 2 hours for the NTWC to declare an “threat passed” and LDMOs are responsible for informing the public when it is safe to return to the evacuated coastlines (“all clear”). In Iran an “all clear” is the responsibility of the local authority. In Oman and Pakistan there is currently no policy on the “all clear”.

• Open issue: The procedure for issuance of an “all clear” needs to be discussed further in Oman and Pakistan.

10

Annex I –

Concept Note for Regional Workshop on Harmonization of NTWC Tsunami Warnings and Products

in the North West Indian Ocean

Date: Time:

26th November

07:00 – 10:00 UTC 08:00 – 11:00 Germany 11:00 – 14:00 Muscat 12:00 – 15:00 Karachi 12:30 – 15:30 Hyderabad 14:00 – 17:00 Jakarta 15:00 – 18:00 Perth 18:00 – 21:00 Melbourne

Organizer: UNESCO

Location: Virtual – MS Teams

Participants: Virtual attendance: − TNCs and NTWC representatives from India, Iran, Pakistan and Oman − Chair / Vice Chairs of ICG/IOTWMS Working Group 2 and Subregional

Working Group for the NWIO − Nora Gale, Ardito Kodijat, Harald Spahn (UNESCO TTF-29 project team)

Objective: Discuss and agree on a harmonized approach for NTWC warning and products in the Makran region on the following issues: logic of warning levels, terminology and colour codes of warning levels, and advice provided by NTWC

Agenda:

1. Introduction (including brief information on current status of the UNESCAP Project), background and objectives of the meeting

2. NTWC warning levels: thresholds, terminology and colour codes: Clarification on reference: “wave amplitude” / “wave height” Harmonization of terminology for warning levels (Advisory, Alert,

Watch) and respective colour codes The importance of “No threat” messages to the public

3. Discussion of the advice given by NTWC: Advice in “Alert” / “Watch” levels Call for evacuation Decision on “All clear”

4. Conclusions and agreements for harmonization 5. Discussion of the way forward and agreement on next steps

Observation: Invitation, logistics and platform by UNESCO

Moderation: Ardito Kodijat & Harald Spahn



National Consultation Meeting with India






• Dr. Srinivasa Kumar Tummala, TNC of India, INCOIS • Mr. Pattabhi Rama Rao, INCOIS, India • Mr. Ajay Kumar Bandela, INCOIS, India • Mr. Patanjali Kumar Chodavarapu, INCOIS, India • Ms. Vijaya Sunanda Manneela, INCOIS, India • Dr. Sumer Chopra, Director, ISR, India • Dr. Pavan Kumar Singh, Joint Advisor, NDMA, India • Mr. Harald Spahn, Consultant to UNESCO-IOC • Mr. Ardito Kodijat, IOTIC • Ms. Nora Gale, ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat

4. Topics Discussed

4.1 Welcome Mr. Ardito Kodijat briefed on the project extension and arrangement of virtual meetings for the remainder of 2020. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the regional level workshops have been postponed until 2021 pending the lifting of international travel restrictions. Online national consultations with the Makran Member States (Iran, India, Oman, Pakistan) have been held during the pandemic, with an emphasis on developing the national working groups and improving/developing national warning chains and organisational Standard Operating Procedures. The 6-monthly progress report covering the May to October period will be delivered to UNESCAP this month.

The discussions of the meeting were guided by the presentation “Technical Meeting with Working Group India” as prepared Mr. Harald Spahn and available for download at: http://www.ioc-tsunami.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewEventDocs&eventID=2853

http://www.ioc-tsunami.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewEventDocs&eventID=2853

2

4.2 Warning Chains While India was not able to attend the Karachi workshop held in February 2020 due to administration matters, their national warning chain has been updated following the Muscat meeting held in September 2019. The graphic below illustrates the National Warning Chain of India.

Dr. Srinivas Tummala advised that the warning chain remains current and no updates will be made in response to lessons learnt during Exercise IOWave20. Moreover, India is currently undertaking a pilot study of Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) through the National Disaster Management Agency (NDMA) for all disasters including tsunami with a view to implement on a national scale.

Mr. Spahn addressed three areas of the warning process that were highlighted for improvement during the Muscat meeting:

• ‘No Threat’ messages for felt events below M6.5: For earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6.5, which are felt there is currently not a mechanism of alerting the public that there is no threat and in fact INCOIS only disseminates to the public if there is a threat. Furthermore, INCOIS only handles undersea large tsunamigenic earthquakes and the Meteorology Department handles all other earthquakes.

• Public Actions and Advice associated with threat levels: associated with predicted wave heights and travel times was discussed. If the threat is yellow (no immediate action required) no information is pushed to the public. There was also a discussion on public advice on red/orange levels; INCOIS will discuss this with DMOs who trigger the sirens regarding red/orange levels.

3

• Public dissemination of tsunami information: The public can access tsunami information on the INCOIS public website. A pilot study utilising Common Alert Protocol (CAP) is currently being implemented by the Disaster Management Agency. Pending the success of the pilot, a national-wide roll out is anticipated. CAP also has potential applications to alerting communities of a no threat following small (less than M6.5) earthquakes that are felt.

4.3 Status of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) The team mapped the availability of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) along all organisations in the warning chain. Regarding institutional SOPs, those of INCOIS are well developed, however at local levels, LDMOs, and some NDMOs, SOPs require further development. There is also an issue of timeline alignment amongst organisations. Dr. Spahn reviewed the concept of timeline driven SOPs, which is well understood in India.

Issues identified in Muscat include strengthen relationship with public media including SOP development; how to deal with the fact that not all LDMOs operate 24/7; and the need for SOPs at local and community levels

4.4 Lessons learnt from Exercise Indian Ocean Wave 2020 (IOWave20) Mr. Kodijat noted the IOWave20 Exercise, evaluation and post-Exercise workshop. India participated in 2 scenarios (Makran and Andaman). Seven (7) Provinces participated in the Western side [Makran] and six (6) on the Eastern side [Andaman].

Mr. Ajay Kumar Bandela delivered his presentation from the post-Exercise workshop. The Exercise was limited to test communication channels. The lessons learnt mainly pertained to message dissemination and reception, and access to the password-protected website. The DMOs conducted virtual tabletop exercises to assess the organisational SOPs. Specific challenges arose due to Covid, mainly no communities participated, and training and coordination meetings were conducted virtually. Future exercises may improve by involving local communities.

Mr. Spahn asked if there is a mechanism for translating lessons learnt into practical changes. Mr. Bandela replied that a report is prepared with recommendations for implementation in the next Exercises. However, it is not certain if these are followed up. Dr. Tummala noted that for previous exercises involving community evacuation a comparison chart of community reaction times is produced and shared. Mr. Spahn noted that local ownership of improvements to the exercise is a contributor to driving change.

4

Mr. Bandela briefed on India’s activities for the 5th World Tsunami Awareness Day commemorated on 5 November 2020 including a webinar on “Tsunami Awareness & Preparedness”.

4.5 Relevant issues for regional meeting on Harmonisation of regional NTWC warnings and products

The meeting will be held next Thursday, 26 November. The meeting will include logic of warning levels, terminology, colour codes and advice provided by NTWCs.

India to prepare a proposal on harmonisation regional NTWC warnings and products to share and help to drive the discussion during the workshop. Dr. Tummala, or an appointed representative, will take a primary role in the meeting. Dr. Tummala drew reference to the TOWS-WG document, which outlines how wave terminology should be reported and will circulate it to the team.

4.6 Progress brief on the Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for the Makran region Mr. Patanjali Kumar Chodavarapu reported that two numerical models (GPU and CPU based) for tsunami simulations for Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) study are being tested: Tsunami-HySEA and ADCIRC-FEM. Green’s function is being applied in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf and Red Sea. The pilot approach is being verified against with the University of Malaga, which takes 2-hours computational time for a full simulation (of 12 hours) with Tsunami-HySEA on a single GPU server. For a 600-m finite element mesh, a computational time of 21 minutes is achieved whereas for a 5-km mesh a computational time of 2-min is achieved with ADCIRC Model in a CPU based High Performance Computing (HPC) environment of 1024 processors. Based on consultation with Dr. Andrey Babeyko (GFZ) it has been decided to only take large earthquakes into account in the simulations (i.e. no inclusion of secondary background seismicity). Current discussions around the servers (CINECA, Malaga, INGV and INCOIS) and approach (how many sources, models setup - green’s functions with POIs, full run simulations, etc.) are underway. Noting that ~55,000 scenarios will be run, the number of simulations and associated timeframe needs to be determined. These decisions are anticipated to be made in around 1-weeks’ time.

The meeting to share the PTHA conclusions with the other Makran countries could be held in a few weeks’ time and before the end of the year based on guidance from Mr. Chodavarapu and Dr. Babeyko.

Ms. Nora Gale drew attention to the upcoming intersessional meeting of the Subregional Working Group for the North West Indian Ocean (to be held on 8-9 December) with reference to the Agenda item on “Progress Report of Development of Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment for the Makran Region”.

5. Follow-up and next steps

Action 1: Regarding institutional SOPs, those of INCOIS are well developed, however at local levels, LDMOs, and some NDMOs, SOPs require further development. Action 2: India to consider issuance of ‘No Threat’ messages for felt events below M6.5. Action 3: INCOIS to discuss red/orange threat levels with DMOs in terms of siren triggering. Action 4: India will take a lead role during the regional workshop on Harmonisation of regional NTWC warnings and products to be held on 26 November including presenting a proposal for harmonisation of the warnings and products.

5

Action 5: Ms. Nora Gale to circulate the TOWS-WG document, which outlines how wave terminology should be reported, prior to the Harmonisation meeting (26 November). Action 6: The results of the PTHA for the Makran region to be reported on during the intersessional meeting of WG-NWIO on 8-9 December 2020. Action 7: IOTWMS Secretariat and IOTIC to arrange an online regional meeting to widely share the results of the Makran PTHA with project team members from the region before the end of 2020.



National Consultation Meeting with Pakistan






• Dr. Haider Hasan, NED University • Ms. Hira Lodhi, NED University • Dr. Muhammad Masood Rafi, NED University • Mr. Adnan Rais, NED University • Mr. Muhammad Salman, NMDA • Mr. Ameer Hyder, PMD • Mr. Nasir Mahmood, PMD • Mr. Tariq Ibrahim, PMD • Ms. Ghazala Naeem, Independent Consultant • Mr. Harald Spahn, UNESCAP Project Consultant • Mr. Raza Shah, UNESCO Islamabad • Mr. Naeem Iqbal, UNDP • Mr. Ardito Kodijat, IOTIC, UNESCO-Jakarta • Ms. Nora Gale, ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat, UNESCO-IOC

4. Introduction

Mr. Ardito Kodijat of UNESCO-Jakarta opened the National Consultation Meeting with Pakistan for the UNESCAP Project on Strengthening Tsunami Warning in the North West Indian Ocean region through Regional Cooperation. He recalled that tsunami projects in Pakistan are currently being run by both UNESCO-IOC and UNDP. Although several online meetings for the UNESCAP have been held with Pakistan during the pandemic, the last physical meeting of the project team was held in Karachi in February 2020. Mr. Kodijat presented the agenda for today’s meeting, which was adopted without modification.

2

5. Briefings on latest developments

5.1 Outcomes of the last consultative meeting on 26 October 2020

Ms. Nora Gale of the ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat briefed on the previous national consultative meeting with Pakistan held on 26 October. This meeting was held immediately after the Makran scenario of Exercise Indian Ocean Wave 2020 (IOWave20) and was used as an opportunity to debrief on the Exercise IOWave20. The meeting was attended by two representatives from PMD (Dr. Zahid Rafi and Mr. Ameer Hyder), an independent consultant (Ms. Ghazala Naeem) and the project management team (Mr. Harald Spahn, Mr. Ardito Kodijat, Ms. Nora Gale).

A national tsunami board has been established in Pakistan, however, DDMA’s need representation. Furthermore, a pilot community needs to be identified to serve as an example for development of local-level Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). A final draft of the UNDP-funded handbook for tsunami preparedness has been circulated for stakeholder feedback. An SOP development workshop involving all key organisations in the tsunami warning chain needs to be organised. Mr. Harald Spahn provided feedback on IOWave20 at the PMD warning center in his capacity as a remote exercise observer (as reported in this meeting under agenda item 5.7).

5.2 Current status of UNESCO regional activities/support

Mr. Ardito Kodijat of IOTIC reported that the project extension has been granted until end of October 2021. For the remainder of 2020, the UNESCO-IOC project team will continue to work with stakeholder using online modalities. All regional in-person meetings have been postponed until 2021 pending the reinstatement of international travel. During the pandemic, National Working Groups are encouraged to collaborate on revised warning chains and work establishing SOPs at all levels including national through to community. The timetable of events for 2021 were presented (refer to table below).

5.3 Current status of UNDP

Mr. Naeem Iqbal of UNDP reported on the project Strengthening Tsunami and Earthquake Preparedness in coastal areas of Pakistan with funding from the Government of Japan. 70% of the inhabited Pakistan coastline lacks warning systems, even fast growing cities such Gwadar and Karachi. There is also a knowledge gap in coastal communities and institutions. The expected outputs of this project include policy changes, tsunami and earthquake risk assessment, increased capacities in disaster response and relief, informed building codes and school safety guidelines, and the exchange of best practices with other countries. Another expected output is enhanced community resilience to coastal hazards, which will be achieved by formation of village communities, publication of education materials and training, mangrove plantations, school safety plans and drills, and tsunami evacuation sites. If travel restrictions due to the pandemic lift, UNDP plans to conduct a study visit to Indonesia for Pakistan stakeholders. The project management team is seeking are seeking a 1-year extension (until February 2022).

3

5.4 Tsunami Preparedness Handbook

Mr. Naeem Iqbal briefed on the development of tsunami preparedness handbook, as compiled by Ms. Sobiah Becker, a former consultant to UNDP. The handbook has been presented to stakeholders with feedback requested by 30 November. On 15 December A national level consultation on the handbook is planned to be held on 15 December.

Mr. Harald Spahn requested the draft document to be shared with the IOC project team.

5.5 Developments at PMD Mr. Ameer Hyder of the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) presented on the UNDP project for tsunami and earthquake preparedness. This includes procurement of automatic earthquake and tsunami monitoring software, 5 coastal tsunami sirens, broadband seismometers, laptops, etc. The project will include the latest version of SeisComPro. The process for selection of siren locations is underway. The earthquake monitoring equipment will include 4 broadband seismometers, short-period seismometer and strong-motion accelerometers. Notably, there are currently no broadband seismometers in PMD’s monitoring network. Mr. Kodijat asked if this activity would contribute to an update in the SOP. Mr. Hyder replied that the SOP will need to be updated to include the faster timeframes of upstream earthquake analysis and tsunami warning dissemination. Ms. Nora Gale asked about sharing broadband seismometer data with other Makran countries. Mr. Hyder responded that it is up to the ministry to decide if it is shared. Dr. Haider Hasan asked if they have considered to use open source software. Mr. Hyder responded that 5 different software packages for modelling inundation have been considered. They recently started to use TOAST software which is compatible with SeisComp for the real-time tsunami modeling. Ms. Ghazala Naeem asked if the installed sirens are currently functional, especially the one at Gwadar. Mr. Hyder replied that the old sirens at Pasni and Gwadar on PMD premises will be replaced with new sirens and the Gwadar site is now manually operational. Mr. Iqbal noted that the early warning system upgrades are being finalised at Sindh. On 27 October PMD and UNDP met to discuss Sindh PDMA funding a project for installation of 14 more sirens. Where possible, overlap and repetition will be avoided. Once installation is complete, there will be a total of 19 coastal sirens in Pakistan. PDMA are also planning on installing cell broadcasts using SMS technology in Balochistan and Sindh.

Mr. Spahn asked if it has been decided who will activate the sirens. Mr. Hyder noted that PMD have spoken with PMDA, and requested that the sirens including sights of Balochistan, be operated by PMD. These sirens will also be used for cyclone. Mr. Iqbal noted that the 5 tsunami sirens procured by UNDP will be handed over to PMD. The 14 sirens procured under PDMA with ADP funding are under deliberation as PMDA also wants to operate them. However, Mr. Iqbal noted that they will work on these also being handed over to PMD.

5.6 Developments at NDMA

4

Mr. Muhamad Salman of the National Disaster Management Agency (NDMA) noted that the tsunami preparedness guidelines are drafted and NDMA has distributed to a number of stakeholders for feedback. NDMA will compile feedback on the Tsunami Preparedness Guidelines from stakeholders and share with UNDP. Furthermore, he offered NDMA’s assistance to PMD for siren sight selection.

5.7 Exercise IOWave20

Mr. Harald Spahn, a consultant to IOC-UNESCO, shared his observations from Exercise IOWave20 from viewing the PMD warning room response online via skype to observe on 20 October. He also reviewed the warning centre bulletins. Following the exercise, he was in contact with Mr. Hyder who provided clarification on all issues arising. Mr. Spahn presented a timeline of the NTWC warning sequence of events, which was in line with the NTWC SOP. Mr. Spahn noted that the SOP appears to be well tuned for dealing with a near-field threat in terms of the timeline. The operational procedures were not tested as outgoing messages were drafted prior to the Exercise. The information flow downstream appears adequate. However, some tsunami arrival times need to be revisited in terms of accuracy. Future improvements to the software and equipment at PMD may make the forecasts more realistic. Notably, the downstream SOPs at NDMA and PDMA need to be tested.

5.8 NED university work on TEWS SOP Mr. Naeem Iqbal noted that the Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) SOPs were shared with stakeholders on 27 October and the SOP concept was shared at the World Tsunami Awareness Day event on 5 November. A wider consultation involving all provinces, NDMA, PMD and other stakeholder will be held in the future. This was planned for the first week of December, but may be postponed if Dr. Zahid Rafi remains unwell.

Mr. Spahn noted that on Thursday 26 November a regional meeting on NTWC Harmonisation of Tsunami Warnings and Products in the North West Indian Ocean will be held online. Mr. Kodijat extended the meeting invitation to include participants of this meeting, particularly from the upstream organisations.

5.9 Concept and implementation of a local workshop on SOP development A local workshop on SOP development was foreseen for 25 November, but has now postponed due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Mr Spahn noted that IOC-UNESCO could contribute to this workshop as it aligns with the Makran project.

5.10 Regional Workshop on Harmonization of NTWC warnings and products

Mr. Spahn noted that on Thursday 26 November a regional meeting on NTWC Harmonisation of Tsunami Warnings and Products in the North West Indian Ocean will be held online. The meeting will cover NTWC warning levels, thresholds, terminology and colour codes. There will also be clarification on terminology, warning levels for near-field threats, and the importance of “no threat” messages to the public. Mr. Kodijat extended the meeting invitation to include participants of this meeting, particularly from the upstream organisations.

6. Way Forward

Ms. Gale presented a summary of the agreed recommendations and actions of the meeting:

5

• Recommendation: During the pandemic, National Working Groups are encouraged to collaborate on revised warning chains and work on establishing SOPs at all levels (national through to community).

• Noting the current UNDP projects underway in Pakistan: 1) on strengthening tsunami and earthquake preparedness in coastal areas with funding from the Government of Japan and 2) on tsunami and earthquake preparedness in Pakistan including expansion of seismic equipment and installation of coastal tsunami sirens.

• Action: Mr. Naeem Iqbal to share tsunami preparedness handbook with IOC project team • Action: In-country discussion between PMDA-PMD-UNDP on the organization that will operate

sirens procured by PMDA • Action: UNESCO-IOC to invite NED University, UNDP, UNESCO Islamabad representatives to

participate in regional NTWC Harmonization meeting this Thursday, 26 November. • Action: IOC to organise a discussion SOP development in the Indian Ocean with NED University

representatives. • Action: Mr. Ameer Hyder to share presentation on Warning Levels with the IOC project team. • Action: NED University to invite the IOC team to the local workshop on SOP development and

request IOC for any assistance as this aligns well with the Makran project.



Informal Discussion with Iran


Summary of Discussions

1. Date of the Meeting: 14 January 2021



• Dr. Ali Khoshkholgh (INIOAS) • Dr. Mohammad Mokhtari (IIEES) • Mr. Harald Spahn (Project Consultant) • Mr. Ardito Kodijat (IOTIC, UNESCO-Jakarta) • Ms. Nora Gale (ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat, UNESCO-IOC)

4. Background

The purpose of the discussion was to determine to best way to progress the UNESCAP-funded project on “Strengthening tsunami early warning in the North West Indian Ocean through regional cooperation” within Iran. Particular attention was given to the second project outcome: to improve warning services at National Tsunami Warning Center level and organise national warning chains to assure timely warnings and rapid response with due emphasis on self-protection for near source events.

Mr. Ardito Kodijat recalled that the previous national consultation meeting with Iran was held on 23 June 2020. Mr. Ardito Kodijat gave an overview of the records of discussion from the last meeting with Iran held on 23 June 2020. Activities 1-3 were highlighted:

1. Iranian National Working Group to convene during the next two weeks to progress the strategy and work plan for SOP development, and inform IOC-UNESCO of the revised work plan.

2. UNESCO-IOC to facilitate the virtual meeting with all North West Indian Ocean countries for regional harmonization of NTWC-SOPs, involving representative of NTWC - INIOAS.

3. NDMA of Iran to identify a pilot community and nominate a LDMO representative to partake in national working process to facilitate development of time line driven LDMO-SOP for one pilot community.

2

Participants in the June consultation represented a variety of organisations including INIOAS, the NDMO, Ports and Maritime Organisation, University of Tehran, and UNESCO-IOC.

5. Discussion

Dr. Ali Khoshkholgh recalled that participants at the June consultation meeting agreed to continue discussions about the national warning chain and standard operating procedures in Iran. A WhatsApp group was created for this purpose. However, there are no other achievements since the consultation, which is partially a result of ongoing Covid-19 outbreaks.

Additional issues identified in the discussion are that the NDMO and LDMO do not fully engage in tsunami-related activities and the lack of continuity in participants nominated to attend tsunami-related meetings. Another issue identified was difficulty in payments and the poor exchange rate resulting in difficulty purchasing tickets for travel.

Dr. Mokhtari suggested that a formal letter from UNESCO-IOC to authorities and relevant persons may assist in further educating on the tsunami risk to Iran and influence the policies and work plans of key organisations in the tsunami warning chain.

Mr. Spahn expressed doubt that a letter would be enough to improve the situation noted concerns about lack of acceptance of tsunami risk to the Iranian coastline and in-country concerns about the cost to benefit ratio of investing in tsunami preparedness.

Dr. Khoshkholgh suggested that a better result may be achieved to engaging the person in-charge of local areas perhaps have a better result. The areas of Chabahar and Jask were mentioned as potential localities for LDMO engagement. Dr. Mokhtari agreed with this suggestion.

Mr. Spahn expressed that there appears not to be proper political commitment. High level people need to get together to discuss a strategy for tsunami early warning in Iran. We all understand the importance of inclusion of the local level, but so far they have not been fully engaged.

Dr. Mokhtari asked if there are examples of how similar activities were achieved in other countries. Mr. Kodijat replied that UNESCO-IOC has relevant publications that can be shared.

6. Way Forward

The group agreed on two important elements to move forward. These are:

1. Agreement at national level for 24/7 operations 2. Engagement of DMO, especially at the local-level, in national activities including defining the

tsunami warning chain and standard operating procedures.

Action 1: Engage in an open discussion with the local DMOs (Chabahar and Jask) on what has been done to date and how they see their role in the tsunami early warning system. Involve UNESCO Tehran and also Dr. Behrouz Abtahi (Tsunami National Contact for Iran and director of INIOAS). The UNESCO-IOC project team can provide support as well as technical assistance in this meeting.

Action 2: Meet again in this small group to discuss progress in Iran and measures to support it.



National Consultation with Pakistan



1. Date of the Meeting: 13 January 2021



• Ms. Hira Lodhi (NED University) • Prof. Muhammad Masood Rafi (NED University) • Mr. Adnan Rais (NED University) • Mr. Ameer Hyder (Pakistan Meteorological Department) • Mr. Tariq Ibrahim (Pakistan Meteorological Department) • Ms. Ghazala Naeem (Independent Consultant) • Mr. Raza Shah (UNESCO Islamabad) • Mr. Harald Spahn (Project Consultant) • Mr. Ardito Kodijat (IOTIC, UNESCO-Jakarta) • Ms. Nora Gale (ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat, UNESCO-IOC)

4. Introduction

Mr. Ardito Kodijat welcomed all participants the national consultation meeting with Pakistan for the UNESCAP-funded project on “Strengthening tsunami early warning in the North West Indian Ocean through regional cooperation”. The objective of the meeting was to follow-up on the coordination of tsunami related activities in Pakistan that align with the UNESCAP-funded project. This includes projects undertaken by Pakistan Meteorological Department, NED University and UNDP. As UNDP colleagues could not attend this meeting due to a prior engagement, only the initiatives undertaken by NED University, PMD and UNESCO-IOC were reported on.

5. Update on Progress and Achievement on the Tsunami Early Warning System Standard Operating Procedure development for Pakistan by NED University

Prof. Muhammad Masood Rafi of NED University greeted all attendees. His presentation addressed the proposals developed as part of the UNDP-funded project on tsunami and earthquake preparedness in the

2

coastal areas of Pakistan. This covered standard operating procedures and the tsunami early warning system with a focus on risk knowledge, monitoring and warning services, dissemination and communication, and response capability.

Researchers at NED University have conducted a suite of tsunami simulations by dividing the Makran subduction zone into four zone. In total 80 scenarios were utilised in calculations of inundation, wave heights and travel times at coastal localities. The organisational roles in the Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) were highlighted. Flow charts corresponding to the various stages of TEWS were presented including tsunami monitoring and warning and evacuation decision making. Dissemination channels corresponding to evacuation warning levels were presented. A self-evacuation information flyer corresponding to damage to different types of house construction has been developed in both English and Urdu. An automated warning system is under development.

Mr. Kodijat congratulated the team on their progress and achievements. He called on colleagues for comments.

Ms. Ghazala Naeem asked if online information is provided by PMD. Prof. Rafi replied that PMD provides information on the level of warning. Ms. Naeem further noted the colours for the zones 1 and 2 are hard to distinguish and Prof. Rafi replied that this may be due to the remote presentation and he will look into adding contrast.

Mr. Ameer Hyder noted that in the deep sea a magnitude 9 can effect a long rupture area. Prof. Rafi noted the comment and suggested that a separate presentation could be made detailing the simulations at the request of the group.

Mr. Hyder further commented that agencies need a clear role during any disaster. Prof. Rafi replied that researchers at NED university are academics not policy makers and this should be raised with the organisations by a suitable party.

Mr. Kodijat noted the understanding of the Makran subduction zone is still very new and the subject of much current research. The objective 1 on the UNESCAP-funded project is to better understand this subduction zone and a team is focusing on a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for the region.

Mr. Harald Spahn commented that through the UNESCAP-funded project he has learned that Pakistan already has a tsunami early warning system operated by PMD. He asked how the approach of NED University relates to the existing system run by PMD and the outlook for the future. Prof. Rafi replied that the existing TEWS has not been officially accepted by the government and therefore not included in his presentation.

Mr. Hyder noted that there is an existing standard operating procedure and PMD would welcome any improvements to the system from NED University. Mr. Tariq Ibrahim noted the existing standard operating procedure is well developed and reiterated that it can be improved.

Mr. Kodijat noted that an action could be alignment of the work of NED University with the system of PMD. Further he referred to the agreed warning chain in Pakistan that needs to be reflected in the standard operating procedures as well as the functionality of the system.

6. Outcome of the Harmonization Workshop

3

Mr. Spahn reviewed the outcomes from the regional workshop on harmonisation that was coordinated by the UNESCO-IOC project team on 26 November as part of the UNESCAP-funded project. The discussion focused on harmonisation of tsunami warning products and procedures. The records of discussion from the harmonisation workshop have been documented in a report and available for download from the IOC-Tsunami Programme calendar.

Mr. Spahn noted the discussion at the WG-2 meeting (December 2020) referring the Indian Ocean standard service definition document in which the maximum positive wave amplitude is defined as being measured relative to normal sea level at the shore line (1-meter depth). The logic of warning levels including warning and advice is referenced in the 2011 TOWS-WG Task Team on Tsunami Watch Operations publication, in which each public response corresponds to a threat level and potential impact. This table has been further updated in the IOTWMS Users Guide for National Tsunami Warning Centers (version 2.0, 2019). The warning levels and advice messages from the National Tsunami Warning Centers in the North West Indian Ocean region align with the TOWS proposal. In summary, the Makran countries are trending towards a harmonised approach. Alignment with the threshold levels and given advice need to be confirmed.

The final topic discussed was on a “no threat” message. A “no threat” message is particularly important for the public, so that they are aware if an earthquake that has occurred could have triggered a tsunami. There are both pros and cons to “no threat” messages. It is important be certain that the earthquake will not generate at tsunami as false information can lead to mistrust in the system. Furthermore, tsunami threat assessments can be complicated by splay faulting and landslides.

The way forward was highlighted including the importance of harmonisation, involvement of national and local Disaster Management Organisations in future workshops, consultation with the ICG/IOTWMS Working Group 2, and incorporating the secondary (non-seismic) effects into warnings.

Ms. Naeem noted that the threshold has differed in the slides with both 2-m and 3-m presented. In reply, Mr. Spahn noted that this will be revised and emphasised that using the same threshold parameters that align with international best practice is important.

Ms. Naeem further asked about indicators to assess the effectiveness of SOPs post-events. Mr. Kodijat recalled the Tsunami Service Provider performance indicators are established. Furthermore, TOWS-WG has discussed additional key performance indicators related to the warning centres and disaster management organisations, but this has not been finalised.

7. Update and Progress on PMD SOP Development Post-Harmonization Workshop

Mr. Ameer Hyder of PMD noted that there will be an upcoming workshop where PMD will discuss colour codes and the warning chain with stakeholders as part of the UNDP project. Mr. Kodijat requested if the UNESCAP project team could observe and Mr. Hyder replied that they will be invited to attend as observers.

Mr. Hyder also reported that PMD continues to plan for the installation of the tsunami siren system.

8. Way Forward

Mr. Kodijat noted that the UNESCAP-funded project is scheduled to finish in October 2021. A number of workshops have been planned relating to standard operating procedures and the tsunami warning chain.

4

Engagement of disaster management organisations and the media will be critical for the success of these workshops. The project team will continue to review and assess the evolving Covid-19 situation and formulate a workplan for 2021.

Mr. Spahn noted the importance of strengthening alignment at the national level in Pakistan. A uniform and agreed policy on the tsunami warning chain is necessary before pursuing stakeholder engagement from the local level.

Mr. Kodijat suggested to align the work of NED with the tsunami early warning system developed at PMD.

Prof. Rafi and Mr. Spahn were kindly requested to provide pdf copies of their presentations.



National Consultation with Pakistan



1. Date of the Meeting: 01 February 2021



• Mr. Naeem Iqbal (UNDP) • Mr. Raza Shah (UNESCO Islamabad) • Mr. Harald Spahn (Project Consultant) • Mr. Ardito Kodijat (IOTIC, UNESCO-Jakarta) • Ms. Nora Gale (ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat, UNESCO-IOC)

4. Introduction

Mr. Ardito Kodijat welcomed all to the meeting. He referred to the meeting held on 13 January 2021 where NED University reported on their work in tsunami standard operating procedure (SOP) development and simulation modelling. The coordination mechanism between NED University and Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) is not yet established and would be of great benefit to synchronise the tsunami response at national level.

Mr. Kodijat noted that the UNESCAP-funded project is due to end in October 2021 and the project team is consulting with national stakeholders on the best way to proceed under the travel restrictions of the pandemic.

5. Harmonisation of NTWC tsunami warning products

The meeting also discussed outcomes of the workshop on harmonisation of the National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC) products at the regional level held on 26 November 2020. Harmonisation at the national level in Pakistan would benefit stakeholders and ensure downstream end users have a good understanding of the upstream tsunami response in Pakistan.

2

Ms. Nora Gale informed that the UNESCAP project plans to engage with the media and local disaster management organisations. To avoid confusion, it is very important to get a uniform approach of the national level tsunami response before involving the downstream organisations.

Mr. Harald Spahn highlighted the need to look beyond our project perspectives. It seems there are 2 parallel concepts for the upstream tsunami early warning system in Pakistan (PMD and NED University) and implementation of a streamlined approach is very important.

Mr. Naeem Iqbal noted the validity of these issues. He clarified the role of NED University in SOP development through a documented road map in coordination with PMD. It will be the role of PMD to take the developed SOPs forward. He noted delays due to the pandemic including the postponement of the stakeholder coordination meeting. They are requesting a project extension until the end of 2021 (current end date is the end of March) from the project funder, the Government of Japan.

6. National Tsunami Warning Chain

Mr. Kodijat noted that at the Karachi workshop (February 2020) there was an understanding that PMD’s role as the NTWC in the Pakistan tsunami warning chain and the SOP was well established. However, NED University has presented a concept of the tsunami warning system that exhibits notable differences.

Mr. Spahn elaborated on the different concepts. These include different warning levels with different meaning. He sees an urgency in clarifying between NED and PMD on the concepts with a view for a unified national concept. This will enable the UNESCAP-project to continue to the downstream stakeholders.

Mr. Iqbal noted the defined roles of PMD and the other organisations. The scope of the warning with PMD is very clear with updates in hardware, software and monitoring equipment to enable the development of a tsunami early warning system for Pakistan. However, he acknowledges the lack of communication between key organisations has resulted in confusion. Mr. Iqbal proposed more frequent engagement of stakeholders (PMD, NED, etc.) potentially on a monthly basis. He proposed a joint workshop to mark the 1-year anniversary of the project.

Mr. Kodijat suggested to hold a national workshop initiated by UNDP to clarify on these issues. This would be a key milestone for the progress of Tsunami early warning in Pakistan. He noted that UNESCO-IOC is available to provide any requested support and would like to participate as an observer at the upcoming stakeholder coordination meeting.

Mr. Spahn suggest that the meeting would be most functional if facilitated by UNDP as an intra-agency meeting held between PMD and NED University with support of UNESCO-IOC. Having a relatively small meeting would promote discussion amongst PMD and NED University regarding roles and responsibilities in the upstream tsunami warning system. The aim would be an agreed position on the upstream tsunami warning chain in Pakistan. This concept was supported by Mr. Iqbal

7. PMD Initiatives

Mr. Iqbal noted that PMD is implementing a project with support from the national disaster management fund. Mr. Kodijat noted that the national stakeholder coordination meeting could unify activities being undertaken at both the national and local levels to promote knowledge and alignment of all tsunami initiatives in Pakistan.

3

Mr. Iqbal drew attention to the change of leadership at PMD. The meeting participants decided to engage with high-level representatives of PMD in regards to the organisation’s involvement in both the UNDP and UNESCO-IOC tsunami projects.

8. Way Forward

Action 1: Clarification at the highest level at PMD regarding engagement in UNDP and UNESCO-IOC projects. Action 2: Interagency meeting between PMD and NED University facilitated by UNDP with UNESCO-IOC as observers. Clarify on upstream SOPs for TEWS at the national level Action 3: Following the interagency meeting organise a larger coordination meeting with key stakeholders (upstream and downstream) to better define their roles and responsibilities in the tsunami warning chain in Pakistan.



National Consultation Meeting with Pakistan



1. Date of the Meeting: 30 March 2021



• Ms. Zara Hassan, NMDA • Lt. Cdr. Muhammad Salman, NMDA • Mr. Zahid Rafi, PMD • Mr. Ameer Hyder, PMD • Mr. Tariq Ibrahim, PMD • Mr. Harald Spahn, UNESCAP Project Consultant • Mr. Raza Shah, UNESCO Islamabad • Mr. Naeem Iqbal, UNDP • Mr. Ardito Kodijat, IOTIC, UNESCO-Jakarta • Ms. Nora Gale, ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat, UNESCO-IOC

4. Introduction

Mr. Ardito Kodijat of UNESCO-Jakarta opened the National Consultation Meeting with Pakistan for the UNESCAP Project on Strengthening Tsunami Warning in the North West Indian Ocean region through Regional Cooperation. He reported that the project has been extended until the end of October 2021. The project team is currently consulting with the national stakeholders on how to best implement the project during the pandemic environment.

5. Briefings on latest developments

5.1 Progress and update from Pakistan National Working Group member on National SOP

Mr. Zahid Rafi updated the group on new developments in tsunami and earthquake monitoring in the coastal areas of Pakistan being undertaken by Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). Upgrades to the national tsunami warning centre at PMD are underway. New seismic processing and tsunami

2

modelling software packages, specifically Seiscomp3 and TOAST, are being utilise with planned operational staff training. Tsunami sirens have been purchased and site locations have been selected at districts of Malir, West Karachi, Gwadar and Pasni. There are plans to install broadband seismometers at key localities including Karachi, Umerkot and Gwadar.

Mr. Harald Spahn noted that sirens are being controlled by difference institutions and enquired about progress towards a uniform siren protocol. Dr. Rafi responded that the sirens will be handed to PMD who will be responsible for operation and maintenance. The sirens will be operated out of their Karachi with the office in Islamabad acting as a back-up.

Mr. Naeem Iqbal commented that the national disaster management fund (a subsidiary of Asian Development Bank) has granted money for sirens in the coastal region on Sindh through PMDA. This will feed into a local siren system.

There was a discussion about the coordination mechanism between PMD and PMDA for tsunami warnings including sirens activation. Mr. Rafi explained that a process for notifying downstream organisations is instated at PMD.

It was agreed to share the SOPs between the organisations participating in the online meeting.

Mr. Rafi noted the need to develop a tsunami warning system for the Arabian sea along the Makran coast. PMD is coordinating with the UAE seismic centre on regional matters and would also like to coordinate with Oman. The project team will put Dr. Rafi in communication with Dr. Juma Al-Maskari of Oman DGMet.

5.2 Progress and update from UNDP Project

Mr. Naeem Iqbal reported that the standard operating procedure (SOP) consultative process is underway. A draft document has been produced that can be shared with IOC colleagues. However, validation of the document and SOPs has not yet happened. PDMA has circulated advice among stakeholders and received feedback from limited organisations. Finalisation of the document is anticipated for April-May 2021. Furthermore, the geodatabase of the built environment in the coastal area is collected. The project has recently been extended until Feb 2022.

Mr. Rafi noted that data sharing with Oman could be built into the project. He asked for support in expediting the signing of the contract for data sharing.

Mr. Iqbal replied that he is asking about the Geo database. He explained that it is part of their project.

Mr. Spahn noted the document is far beyond an SOP document. It proposes a completely different approach to the Pakistan tsunami warning system than what is currently instated by PMD. Therefore, this conflicts with much work of PMD. Mr. Spahn asked if this has been discussed amongst the stakeholders.

Mr. Iqbal replied that the document is not finalised yet. It still needs to be discussed with several key stakeholders including PMD. Mr. Kodijat asked if PMD could receive this draft to review prior to the multi-hazard stakeholder meeting and Mr. Iqbal agreed that it can be shared earlier. PMDA also requested to be included in the correspondence.

Mr. Iqbal noted that he will share the revised document that is being prepared by NED in the coming weeks.

3

Mr. Iqbal noted the study visit to Indonesia for siren site locations and seeing the district level arrangement and community interventions is being planned for around October 2021. Mr. Kodijat noted that UNESCO Jakarta will support arranging this visit. Notably travel restrictions are presently in place including a 2-week quarantine on arrival to Indonesia.

5.3 Discussion on UNESCAP Project activity plan for 2021

Mr. Kodijat reported that the project donor UNESCAP has granted an extension until the end of October 2021. There are three remaining activities to be completed in regard to stakeholder SOPs based on the agreed warning chains and harmonisation of products. A second SOP workshop on finalising the NTWC-DMO (both national and local) and the Media workshops were planned for early 2021. However, due to the ongoing travel restrictions physical meetings cannot be organised. Mr. Kodijat then shared the suggested 2021 work plan as shown in Annex 1.

The three upcoming SOP workshops were noted (refer to Annex 1, Section E). The project team proposes to postpone these until the second semester if the situation improves and physical meetings can be organised. In June, a decision on the modality of these events (physical, virtual or hybrid) or discussion on a possible no-cost extension or change in modality (hybrid or online workshops) with the donor needs to be undertaken.

Furthermore, a virtual webinar on the tsunami early warning chain and services will be organised with the media in during the late April to early June period. The project team will start to engage with the media on the tsunami warning chain and services via a regional virtual activity involving the four countries.

Pakistan stakeholders expressed approval of the new proposed schedule of activities.

5.4 Potential additional support for national Activity in Pakistan

Mr. Kodijat mentioned technical support for national coordination between NTWC and DMOs Pakistan could be made available (refer to Annex 1, Subsection A4). This could be in the form of a national consultant to assist in documenting the SOP at the national level in Pakistan between the NTWC and (national and local) DMOs. Mr. Spahn noted that the actions to come out of the warning levels need to be considered, which could also contribute to the consultancy. Mr. Kodijat proposed that this support could be provided once there is a decision on the way to proceed at the highest level on the national warning chain.

6. Way Forward

Mr. Kodijat thanked all participants for their inputs to this important meeting. The agreed recommendations and actions of the meeting include:

• Action: All organisations participating in this online meeting to share their SOPs with each other. • Action: Project team to initiate communication between Dr. Zahid Rafi (PMD) and Dr. Juma Al-

Maskari (Oman DGMet). • Action: Mr. Naeem Iqbal to share the draft SOP document with the project team. • Recommendation: Continue discussions on overall tsunami warning procedures in Pakistan noting

discrepancies between the established procedures at PMD and draft SOP document overseen by UNDP. To clarify on the latter one, a preliminary talk between PMD, NED and UNDP has been

4

suggested. Since this topic is relevant to the core activities of the UNESCAP project, the UNESCAP project team would be interested in participating in such discussion.

• Recommendation: Consider using project funds for technical support of national coordination between Pakistan NTWC and DMOs to support the SPO development process at DMO levels.

• Action: Project team to circulate records of discussion to participants.

Annex 1:

Objective 2 Work Plan: March – October 2021

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4A Consultative Meetings with Stakeholders

1 National Consultative Meetings - Pakistan2 Technical support for National Coordination between NTWC and DMOs Pakistan*3 National Consultative Meetings - Iran4 Technical support for National Coordination between NTWC and DMOs Iran*5 National Consultative Meetings - India6 National Consultative Meetings - Oman7 Regional Consultative Meetings - Makran Region

B Consultative Communication with UNESCO-IOC Tsunami unit and Donor UNESCAP1 Information on Workplan Modification and advice on implementation for 2 semester2 Request for No Cost Extension or Program Modification** (based on ESCAP advice)

C Regional Virtual Webinar1 Engagement with Media on Tsunami Early Warning Chain and Services

D Regional Consultancy Support1 National Technical Support and Preparation for SOP Workshops program and Materials (12 days)2 Organizing and Facilitating Regional SOP Workshops (20 Days)

E SOP Workshops1 SOP Workshop 2 - NTWC, DMOs **2 Media SOP Workshop 1 - NTWC, DMOs, and Media**3 Media SOP Workshop 2 - NTWC, DMOs, and Media**

***

August

Possibility to support a National Consultant to facilitate the SOP Development Process (Pakistan 10 days - Iran 15 days): Iran need to check possibility to transfer fund to UNESCO Tehran Office.Subject to possibility for travel and physical / hybrid meeting on 2nd semester 2021.If travel is not advisable: i.e. quarantine still required to travel, healtht protocol complicates and increase the cost for travel, no physical meeting is not possible in hosting country, then:Option 1: 2nd no cost extension for 6 months (with defisit budget consequenses)Option 2: Change modalities into 3 Online / Virtual SOP Workshops (Change of budget allocation for consultant to develop and organize online SOP course/training/workshop with possibility of budget remaining)

2021UNESCAP Makran Project Work Plan 2021Objective 2

September OctoberMarch April May June July



National Consultation with Iran



1. Date of the Meeting: 06 April 2021



• Dr. Mahmood Reza Akbarpour Jannat (INIOAS) • Dr. Ali Khoshkholgh (INIOAS) • Dr. Mohammad Mokhtari (IIEES) • Dr. Mehdi Masoodi (University of Hormozgan) • Mr. Reza Modares (Hormozgan Province) • Dr. Ali Moradi (University of Tehran) • Ms. Mehrasa Medrdadi (UNESCO Tehran) • Mr. Harald Spahn (Project Consultant) • Mr. Ardito Kodijat (IOTIC, UNESCO-Jakarta) • Ms. Nora Gale (ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat, UNESCO-IOC)

4. Introduction

Mr. Ardito Kodijat welcomed all participants the national consultation meeting with Pakistan for the UNESCAP-funded project on “Strengthening tsunami early warning in the North West Indian Ocean through regional cooperation”.

5. Progress and update from Iran National Working Group member on National Standard Operating Procedure

There was a discussion on sharing of seismic data stations. Participants noted the value in sharing seismic data for the tsunami early warning between Iran other Makran countries. Dr. Mohammad Mokhtari noted that seismic data sharing between neighbouring countries is being pursued.

Dr. Mehdi Masoodi from University of Hormozgan noted the ongoing research of the university on the Makran subduction zone. He offered support from the university in terms of potential workshop

2

arrangements and suggested Kish Island as a potential venue. Mr. Kodijat replied that it is encouraging to have involvement from the government as well as the university.

Mr. Kodijat asked if the changes to the National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC) tsunami products have been implemented in alignment with the Harmonisation Workshop held online in November 2020. Dr. Ali Khoshkholgh replied that the NTWC products have been updated in accordance with the harmonisation workshop. In particular, the suggestion on thresholds has been accepted. However, Dr. Khoshkholgh noted that there is not yet a specific standard operating procedure developed for tsunami in the DMO. Therefore, a meeting with the DMO representatives needs to be held.

Mr. Spahn noted that the local level is at the first line of defence for a tsunami event. He is pleased that colleagues from Hormozgan province are now involved in the discussions on tsunami warning. The next step is to link the procedures at the national level to the local level. To achieve this, a common understanding of the warning chain in Iran including how it is transferred to the local level and community during a near field event is needed.

Mr. Ali Moradi noted that parliament has recently passed a new crisis management law. He further noted the importance of alignment of the response at the local level with that at the national level.

There was a discussion about agency responsibility for tsunami threats in regard to the law assigning different responsibilities to different organisations. Mr. Harald Spahn noted that the organisational linkages for tsunami response (i.e. the warning chain) is not included in the law and needs to be discussed between the key organisations in Iran.

There was a discussion about identifying persons from the coastal provinces to link the local and national DMO with the NTWC. It was agreed that INIOAS should engage with Hormozgan, Sistan and Baluchistan provinces in this regard.

Mr. Kodijat clarified that ownership needs to be at the local DMO level but of course other stakeholders, such as universities, can provide support.

6. Discussion on UNESCAP Project activity plan for 2021

Mr. Kodijat shared the upcoming schedule of activities for the UNESCAP project during 2021. A regional webinar on the role of media in the warning chain will be held in May. The other workshops are postponed until quarter 3 of 2021. Consequently, the project team will speak with the donor, UNESCAP, about modifying the project workplan. Possible options to be discussed with the donor include a request for a no cost extension (~6 months) or an adjusted implementation modality.

7. Potential additional support for national activity in Iran

The project team wants to ensure the progress in Iran (and Pakistan) is substantial prior to holding the workshops with the downstream stakeholders. Consequently, the project budget has been modified to include a small funding to provide technical support within the country to support coordination between the institutions involved in the warning chain.

Ms. Mehrasa Mehrdadi noted that UNESCO Tehran can help facilitate national support for this project.

3

8. Way Forward

Dr. Mokhtari expressed his appreciation to the team for their efforts. He requested a similar meeting during the second week of May. He announced that Iranian stakeholders would meet next week to discuss next steps. The other participants were in agreement.

Mr. Kodijat confirmed that there is no objection from the Iranian Working Group on the proposed new schedule that will be communicated to UNESCAP.

Mr. Kodijat thanked Dr. Mokhtari for his ongoing support and engaging with colleagues in the coastal provinces. He noted agreement amongst the team that the best way to move forward in Iran is to start engaging with local government in strengthening tsunami warning chains. In order to achieve this, INIOAS should engage with Hormozgan, Sistan and Baluchistan provinces. In this context, a dialogue should be established to present the local perspective on the issue and establish a common understanding of the framework conditions for tsunami early warning in the Makran region and Iran. The project team offers to participate in such an exchange and contribute with technical and conceptual inputs.

Draft Concept Note Regional Workshop / Webinar on

THE ENGAGEMENT OF MEDIA IN THE TSUNAMI WARNING CHAIN

UNESCAP Project on Strengthening Tsunami Warning in the North West Indian Ocean through Regional Cooperation Thursday, 17 JUNE 2021 at 08:00 – 12:00 (UTC)

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE

The magnitude 8.1 earthquake and tsunami of 28 November 1945 in the eastern segment of the Makran subduction

zone resulted in reported causalities of a few hundred to 4,000 in India and Pakistan, with damage also being reported

in Iran and Oman, as per different sources of information. The more recent magnitude 7.8 earthquake and tsunami of

24 September 2013 is a reminder of the potential near field tsunami threat to vulnerable coastal communities in the

region. A powerful earthquake in the Makran region could generate destructive tsunami waves capable of inundating

coastlines within 20 minutes, thus making it imperative for the Member States in the region to be well prepared to

respond.

It has been recognized that most coastal communities of the tsunami prone region are still not well prepared to

respond appropriately to a near-field tsunami threat, and that the Working Group-North Western Indian Ocean (WG-

NWIO) - Member States (India, Iran, Oman, Pakistan, UAE, and Yemen) are indeed vulnerable to such a near-field threat

from the Makran subduction zone.

To cope with near-field tsunamis, the NWIO-WG (India, Iran, Oman, and Pakistan) meeting in Tehran considered that

the threat of near-field tsunamis requires strengthening the capacities of the communities at risk towards self-

protection. In this regard, it is considered important that communities have a high level of awareness and sufficient

knowledge to react independently and properly during a tsunami threat, while Tsunami early warning is

complementary and essential, especially in cases where the earthquake was not felt strongly but has the potential to

trigger a tsunami (slow earthquakes).

The UNESCAP project is supporting NWIO countries on the improvement of warning services at National Tsunami

Warning Centre (NTWC) level and the organization of the national warning chains via National/Local Disaster

Management Agencies (N/LDMO) to assure timely warnings and rapid response with due emphasis on self-protection

for near source events. The project provides technical assistance to adapt the national warning chains and SOPs,

through national consultative activities and regional SOP training/workshop.

Recognizing the importance of broadcasting media to disseminate warnings to the communities at risk, the project will

also support and facilitate specific arrangements and SOPs for broadcaster to assure a functioning channel for warning

dissemination to the communities at risk.

To strengthen the engagement of media broadcasters in the tsunami early warning processes in the Makran region, a

webinar will be held on 17th June 2021 to discuss the role of broadcasting media in the tsunami early warning chain and

to share practical experiences from the region and beyond.

ORGANIZER

Indian Ocean Tsunami information Center, The Intergovernmental Coordination Group for Indian Ocean Tsunami

Warning and Mitigation System and UNESCO-UNESCAP Project Team.

PARTICIPANTS

This will be a closed webinar only for invited participants and speakers.

Speakers: Invited Speakers and Experts from Media and Warning Centres

Participants:

− National Working Groups (including TNCs) from India, Iran, Pakistan and Oman, representatives from UAE

− Media representatives from India, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, Oman and UAE, representative from ABU

− ICG/IOTWMS Officers

− Representative from ESCAP

− UNESCO TTF-29 project team

− Other interested Parties and relevant project stakeholders (UNDP Pakistan, LDMO)

OBJECTIVES

Strengthening the engagement of the media in the tsunami early warning processes in the Makran region through

• clarifications on the role of media in the tsunami warning chain

• sharing experiences with the engagement of media in selected countries

• identification of challenges and issues to address regarding media engagement in tsunami warning processes

• preparations for a regional workshop on SOP development for media

DATE AND TIME

This online webinar will be organized on Thursday, 17 June 2021 at 08:00 – 12:00 (UTC)

DRAFT PROGRAM

08:00 – 08:15

UTC

(15 minutes)

3 minutes 4 minutes 4 minutes 4 minutes 4 minutes

Opening Session and Introduction:

● Opening webinar mechanism announcement (MC) ● Remarks by Representative of UNESCO/IOC or ICG/IOTWMS ● Remarks by representative of UNESCAP ● Introduction of UNESCAP Project ● Background and objective of the Webinar

08:15-09:45 UTC

(30 minutes)

Session 1: Setting the Stage

Moderator: UNESCO - UNESCAP Project Team

10 minutes

10 minutes

10 minutes

● Tsunami hazard in the Makran region ● The set-up of tsunami early warning systems in the region ● Tsunami warning chains and the role of media

09:55 – 10:55

(60 minutes)

30 minutes 10 minutes 10 minutes 10 minutes

Session 2: Sharing of Experience

Moderator: UNESCO - UNESCAP Project Team

● Involvement of media in the tsunami warning chains in India, Oman, and UAE (10 minutes each)

● Experiences in Indonesia (Engaging Media in TEWS Warning Chain / Information Guidebook for media)

● Experiences in Indonesia (Regulatory framework and implementation) ● Experiences from the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU) Media Initiative

on early warning (TTF Project) and the Emergency Warning Broadcasting System (EWBS)

Questions from the participants will be collected via the Chat function and will be forwarded to the respective speakers to be answered after the webinar. In addition, conceptual questions will be taken up for discussion in the planned SOP workshop later on this year.

10:55-11:35 UTC

(40 minutes)

35 minutes

Session 3: Identifying challenges and issues to address Moderator: UNESCO - UNESCAP Project Team

Statements by representatives from the NTWCs, DMOs and Media on two guiding questions: 1) What conditions still need to be improved so that the media can play their

role in the warning process? 2) What in particular would need to be considered when developing tsunami

warning SOPs for Media? ● NTWC: Oman, Iran

● DMO: India, Pakistan

● Media: UAE, Indonesia, ABU

11:35-11:55 UTC

(20 minutes)

20 minutes

Session 4: Preparations for a regional workshop on SOP development for media Moderator: UNESCO – UNESCAP Project Team

• Schedule, format, location

• Participation of media representatives

• Preparations and inputs on the part of the participants

11:55 –12:00 UTC

(5 minutes)

5 minutes

Closing Session:

● Summary, conclusion, and Way forward

RELEVANCE TO SDG

OVERALL ASSESSMENT...Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for the NWIO region. The...

Documents

Transcript of OVERALL ASSESSMENT...Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for the NWIO region. The...