OUTOKUMPU OY Mining Technical Group

PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY STUDY ON

$ OK~I/~outilainen, Alarotu o ~ ~ ~ / ~ o u h u n k o s k i (2) KTR/EAL,ENP,PK,IH,TMA,RTM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

2.1 Summary of general data

on antimony

2 . 2 Conclusions

BASIS OF THE STUDY

ECONOMIC STUDY. SUMMARY OF RESULTS.

4 .1 Production schedule

4 . 2 Capital costs summary

4 .3 Operating costs summary

4 .4 Discounted cash flow and

sensitivity analysis

APPENDICES

1 Seinajoen-Nurmon Sb-esiintymista

Rikastuskokeita Tbrnavan Sb-esiintyman

nayt teella

Capital cost calculations

Antimonium ores occurrences

Case study of a Canadian Mine

PAGE

1

I N T R O D U C T I O N The purpose o f t h i s work i s t o study t h e p r e l i m i n a r y f e a s i -

b i l i t y of t h e e x p l o i t a t i o n o f a n an t imonium o r e d e p o s i t

l o c a t e d i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f Seinajoki-Nurmo.

The o c c u r r e n c e s have been i n v e s t i g a t e d i n d i f f e r e n t p e r i o d s

s i n c e 1352 . Appendix 1 i s a summary of g e o l o g i c a l and

m e t a l l u r g i c a l f i n d i n g s , which i s t h e o n l y r e f e r e n c e a v a i l a b l e

i n these a s p e c t s . The main d e p o s i t appears t o be l o c a t e d i n

Tornava f i e l d , where 1 1 d r i l l h o l e s i n t e r s e c t e d t he o r e a t

d i f f e r e n t d e p t h s between 18 m and 226 m . The average g r a d e o f

t h e o r e was taken f rom the r e p o r t made o n t h e 4.3.1971 ( M S / K ~ )

by M e t a l l u r g i n e n T u t k i m u s l a i t o s which shows an Sb c o n t e n t o f

2 .1 $ i n t h e o r e .

T h i s p r e f e a s i b i l i t y s tudy i s complemented b y a b r i e f b i b l i o -

g r a p h i c a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n on Antimonium and i t s compounds,

summarized i n 2.1 . A rough economic a n a l y s i s i s made i n o r d e r t o a s c e r t a i n t h e

o r d e r of magnitude of investacnts, o p e r a t i n g c o s t s , and pro-

f i t a b i l i t y o f an e v e n t u a l o p e r a t i o n p r o d u c i n g 100 000 t / y e a r

of ore. A s e n s i t i v i t y a n a l y s i s shows t h e b e h a v i o u r of t h e

p r o f i t a b i l i t y t o changes i n o r e grade, c a p i t a l c o s t , o p e r a t i n g

c o s t and marke t p r i c e s . This i s shown i n s e c t i o n s 2 and 4 .

Mining i s p r o j e c t e d a s a c o n v e n t i o n a l sublevel s t o p i n g a e t h o d .

A s regards t o b e n e f i c i a t i o n , t r a n s p o r t and r e l a t e d f a c i l i t i e s ,

two main s o l u t i o n s have been envisaged :

The o r e i s t r a n s p o r t e d t o a n existing c o n c e n t r a t o r

( i . e . ~ i h a n t i ) by train, p r o c e s s e d t h e r e , and the

c o n c e n t r a t e s produced a r e taken t o Kokkola Works

I t i s assumed that i t w i l l b e n e c e s s a r y t o l o a d t h e

t r a i n a t S e i c a j o k i an3 un load i t a t t h e c o n c e n t r a t o ~

s i t e . A minimum i n f r a s t z - u c t u r e w i l l be n e c e s s a r y

a t t h e m i n e s i t e .

A c o n c e n t r a t o r i s e r e c t e d a t t h e m i n e s i te , with all

t h e complementary f a c i l i t i e s . The c o n c e n t r a t e s a re

t r a n s p o r t e d by t r a i n f r o a S e i n a j o k i s t a t i o n t o

Kokkola Works.

2

SUIvIMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

2 . 1

Antimony - General d a t a

The most i m p o r t a n t s o u r c e o f an t imony i n n a t u r e i s stibnite

( ~ n t i r n o n i u m trisulfide) a l t h o u g h t h e r e e x i s t o v e r a hundred

minerals o f ent imonium, many o f them a s o x i d e s . The antimony

o r e b o d i e s are u s u a l l y of small size, the e x c e p t i o n b e i n g

China where t h e l a r g e s t wor ld r e s e r v e s e x i s t . Other

i m p o r t a n t an t imony p r o d u c e r c o u n t r i e s a re B o l i v i a , South

Africa, USSR, Thai land , Canada. The primary o r e grades

range f rom 3 % t o 8 $ g e n e r a l l y , b u t u p - t o 60 $ Sb o r e s a r e

f o u n d and s e l e c t e d in p l a c e s , b e i n g marketed a s h i g h grade

lump. The an t imony c o n t e n t of commerc ia l o r e s d e t e r m i n e s

the method o f t r e a t m e n t f o r recovery o f t h e metal. I n

general, the l o w e s t g r a d e s up t o 25 $ a r e v o l a t i l i z e d ;

25 $ t o 4 0 5 o r e s a r e smelted i n blast f u r n a c e ; a n d 45

t o 60 % S b o r e s are l i q u a t e d o r treated by i r o n p r e c i p i t a t i o n .

The blast furnace i s g e n e r a l l y u sed f o r m i x e d s u l f i d e and

o x i d e o r e s , a n d for o x i d i c e d ores containing u p to 40 5; Sb .

C o n c e n t r a t i o n by f l o t a t i o n i s a l s o used f o r ].ow-grade

sulphide o r e s .

The m a r k e t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s are 50 t o 5 5 $ S b i n c o n c e n t r a t e s ,

60 $ f o r lump o r e and 99 5 Sb f o r metal. 70 5 S b i s t he

required g r a d e f o r o x i d e s a n d l i q u a t e d s u l p h i d e s ( " b l a c k

powder" and " c r u d e " ) .

The main m a r k e t s f o r an t imony m e t a l and o r e s are London ani

N e w York. The p r i c e s shown i n a p p e n d i x 3 indicate the

approx ima te l e v e l s i n 1977. The t ime has n o t p e r m i t t e d t o

make a d e ~ a i l e d t r e n d a n a l y s i s . The e x p e c t a t i o n s are t h a t

t h e p r i c e s w i l l remain f i r m f o r metals aria o r e s , though

t h e r e exist c o n c e r n w i t h t h e i n c r e a s i n g s u b s t i t u t i o n of

antimony i n c a r b a t t e r i e s . M e t a l p r i c e s v a r y between 9 . 6

and 15.6 mk/kg, depending on the marke t and quality. Antimony

o r e p r i c e f l u c t u a t e s b e t w e e n 2.6 and 4 . 1 0 &/kg. Crude

(liquated s u l p h i d e of 70 % ~ b ) has p r i c e s of 9.8 and 12 mk/

kg, d e p e n d i n g s l s o on t h e marke t and q u a l i t y of t h e p r o d u c t .

2 . 2

C o n c l u s i o n s

The p r e l i m i n a r y s t u d y i n d i c a t e s t h a t I t c a n be economica l ly

f e a s i b l e t o e x p l o i t t h e Seinajoki-Nurmo Sb o r e d e p o s i t when

the o r e i s p r o c e s s e d i n an e x i s t i n g c o n c e n t r a t o r ( ~ i h a n t i

f o r example) . I t c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e s o l u t i o n 1 o f the

I n t r o d u c t i o n .

The main economic parameters are :

Reserves i n s i t u

Ore g r a d e i n situ, S b

Yearly p r o d u c t i o n

Operating c o s t

C a p i t a l c o s t

C o n c e n t r a t e p r i c e

C o s t s l e v e l o f

The results o f t h e d i s c o u n t e d cash-flow analysis a r e :

Net p r e s e n t v a l u e

Internal r a t e o f r e t u r n ( I R R )

Pay-of f p e r i o d

1 4 . 4 mmk

42 .8 % 4 y e a r s

T h i s r e s u l t , however , i s h i g h l y dependab le on whe the r t h e

' a s s u m p t i o n s o f t h i s s t u d y a r e a c t u a l l y met o r n o t . The most

i m p o r t a n t a r e t h e ones r e l a t e d t o t h e o r e r e s e r v e s , t h e

d imens ions o f t h e orebody and the o r e p r o c e s s i n g . The

p r i n c i p a l a t t e n t i o n a f t e r t h i s s t u d y , t h e r e f o r e , s h o u l d be

f o c u s e d on these p o i n t s .

The minimum r e q u i r e m e n t s t o g e t f a v o u r a b l e economic r e s u l t s

have t o satisfy t h e r a t h e r o p t i m i s t i c a s s u m p t i o n s t h a t

f o l l o w :

Ore r e s e r v e s and d i m e n s i o n s o f t h e orebody.

The minimum a v e r a g e g r a d e o f t h e o r e s h o u l d be

around 2 Sb, i n c l u d i n g 10 $ t o 15 % d i l u t i o n .

The mining s e c t o r of the orebody s h o u l d be a t

least 3 m t h i c k and c o n t i n u o u s in o r d e r t o a l l o w

a s i m p l e mechanized min ing o p e r a t i o n . Ore r e s e r v e s

o f the o r d e r of 600 000 t s h o u l d be a minimmn

t a r g e t .

Ore p r o c e s s i n g .

The o r e treetment a t t h e e x i s t i n g c o n c e n t r a t o r

s h o u l d e n s u r e t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f a c o n c e n t r a t e w i t h 23

Sb c o n t e n t a t l e a s t -b0 $, w i t h good r e c o v e r y .

The s o l u t i o n t h a t c o n s i d e r s t h e e r e c t i o n o f a new c o n c e n t r a t o r

a t t h e r n i n e s i t e i s n o t economica l under t h e p r e s e n t c i r c u m -

stances. I t c o u l d b e more a d v a n t a g e o u s o n l y i f s u b s t a n t i a l

o r e r e s e r v e s and a mine l i f e of a t l e a s t 12-15 y e a r s are

e n s u r e d .

GRAPH 1

Minimum i n f r a s t r u c t u r e a t m i n e s i t e - o r e t r a n s p o r t t o e x i s t i n g c o n c e n t r a t o r and p r o c e s s i n g t h e r e ( i . e . ~ i h a n t i ) .

C o n c e n t r a t e t r a n s p o r t t o Kokkola.

Ore r e s e r v e s , i n s i t u

Ore g r a d e , i n s i t u

Ore p r o d u c t i o n p e r y e a r

O p e r a t i n g c o s t

C a p i t a l c o s t

C o n c e n t r a t e p r i c e ( 6 0 % S b , CIF Eur . )

C o s t s l e v e l y e a r

CUMMULATIVE CASH-FLOW BEFORE TAXES

mmk 16

5 6 y e a r s

GRAPH 2

Minimum infrastructure at minesite - ore transport to existing concentrator and processing there (i.e. Vihanti) . Concentrate transport to Kokkola.

Ore reserves, in situ

Ore grade, in situ

Ore production per year

Operating cost

Capital cost

Concentrate price (60 % Sb, CIF Eur.) Costs level year

SENSITI-VITY ANALYSIS

IRR v/s Capital cost-operating costs

Operating cost mk/t

7 8 9 10 11 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 mmk

CAPITAL COST

GRAPH 3

Minimum i n f r a s t r u c t u r e a t m i n e s i t e - o r e t r a n s p o r t t o e x i s t i n g c o n c e n t r a t o r and p r o c e s s i n g t h e r e (i. e . ~ i h a n t i ) . C o n c e n t r a t e t r a n s p o r t t o Kokkola.

Ore r e s e r v e s , i n s i t u

Ore g r a d e , i n s i t u

Ore p r o d u c t i o n p e r y e a r

O p e r a t i n g c o s t

C a p i t a l c o s t

C o n c e n t r a t e p r i c e ( 6 0 % Sb , CIP E u r . )

C o s t s l e v e l y e a r

SENSITIVITY ANALYSI'S

I R R v/s o r e g r a d e

IRR

%

4 0 Sb % ORE GRADE

GRAPH 4

Minimum infrastructure at minesite - ore transport to existing concentrator and processing there (i.e. ~ihanti).

Concentrate transport to Kokkola.

Ore reserves, in situ

Ore grade, in situ

Ore production per year

Operating cost

Capital cost

Concentrate price (60 % Sb, CIF Eur.) Costs level year

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

IRR v/s Sb concentrate price

5000 6000 mk/t

Sb CONCENTRATE PRICE

3

BASIS OF THE STUDY

The c r i t e r i a and a s s u m p t i o n s a r e based o n t h e i n f o r m a t i o n

s u p p l i e d ( ~ ~ ~ e n d i x I ) , o r dedu&d a n a l o g i c a l l y f rom o t h e r

s i m i l a r p r o j e c t s i n F i n l a n d , and o n g e n e r a l i n f o r m a t i o n

a b o u t ant imony.

Geology The o r e d e p o s i t i s supposed t o c o n t a i n a b o u t 500 000 t

o f minab le Sb o r e w i t h 2 % Sb. I t s d imens ions would be

i n i t s main s e c t o r :

l e n g t h max 200 m

d e p t h max 100 m

t h i c k n e s s a v e r a g e 3.5 m

i n c l i n a t i o n 60' t o 90'

The orebody would c r o p o u t i n p l a c e s . The r o c k s a r e f i r m

enough a s t o need l i t t l e o r no s u p p o r t f o r t h e e x c a v a t i o n s .

The pe.at i n t h e a r e a s t o be c l e a n e d i s l e s s t h a n 1 m t h i c k .

Ground w a t e r amount i s supposed t o be normal .

Mining Conven t iona l s u b l e v e l s t o p i n g w i t h open s t o p e s i s i n d i c a t e d

f o r mining e x p l o t a t i o n . The main p a r a m e t e r s a r e :

Z Access Ramp, 20 m s e c t i o n , 1 : 7 i n c l i n a t i o n ,

d r i v e n a l o n g t h e f o o t w a l l .

Ore and w a s t e h o i s t i n g By t r u c k s a l o n g t h e ramps. The was te

would be dumped f o r f i l l i n g empty

s t o p e s whenever p o s s i b l e .

Main l e v e l s P roposed a t 50 m v e r t i c a l i n t e r v a l s ,

20 mC s e c t i o n

Sub l e v e l s Proposed a t 25 m i n t e r v a l s , 16 m 2

s e c t i o n .

C r o s s c u t s and draw p o i n t s Each 12 m i n t e r v a l s , s e c t i o n o f 20 m 2 .

The mine o p e r a t i o n s and development a r e c a r r i e d o u t unde r

c o n t r a c t . The company s u p p l i e s t h e v e n t i l a t i o n and pumping

equipment and b a s i c p l a n n i n g .

Concentrator and infrastructure

Apart from the general criteria established in the intro-

duction, the following parameters are given or assumed :

- Access road to minesite 3 km

- Distance assumed to nearest electric supply system 5 km

- Distance assumed to railroad station 5 km

- It is assumed that no special problems are encountered for water and general supplies, as well as regards to

the operation of the tailings pond.

General design and economic parameters

Projected capacity of Mine-Concentrator 100 000 t/year

Mine life 6 years

Ore grade 2 $ Sb Concentrate grade 60 $ Sb Recovery 80 $

Ramp cost mk/m 2 500

Drift cost mk/m 1 500

Raises costs &/m 1 000

Land cost . &/HA 10 000

Stoping cost &/t 15 (standard)

Concentrator construction, base investment mk 12 000 000

Concentrator improvement(at ~ihanti) mk 2 000 000

Concentrating operating cost mk/t 15

Vihanti concentrator, operating cost mk/t 12

The details of capital costs are given in

appendix 2. Summaries are shown in section 4.

Interest rate 15 $ Tax rate 0 $ Concentrate price 4 500 mk/t CIF Europe

Transport base costs :

Seinajoki-Vihanti (ore) mk/ t 3 6

Vihanti-Kokkola (conc.) 11 18

Seinajoki-Kokkola (conc. ) 11 2 3

Mine-Seina joki mk/t-km 0.30

4

ECONOMIC STUDY. SUMMARY OF RESULTS

4.1

Production schedule

Ore grade, mill feed 2 % Sb

Concentrate grade 60 $ Sb

Recovery 80 %

Year

1

2

3

4

5

6

Alternative 1

<Ore transport to Vihanti *Concentration at Vihanti *Minimum infrastructure

Alternative 2

*Concentrator at minesite *Concentrate transport to

Kokkola @Infrastructure provided

Mine Prod. t

35 000

100 000

100 000

100 000

100 000

65 000

Mine Prod. t

17 000

100 000

100 000

100 000

100 000

100 000

Concentrates t

933

2 667

2 667

2 667

2 667

1 733

Concentrates t

-

2 667

2 667

2 667

2 667

2 667

Cap i t a l c o s t summary

The d e t a i l s a r e given i n appendix 2.

mk x 1000

yea r 1 year 2 lyear 3 1 A l t e r n a t i v e and g ros s i tems

ALTERNATIVE 1

Mine

Genera l - in f ras t ruc ture

Concentrator ( ~ i h a n t i )

Sub to t a l

Contingencies (25 $)

Working c a p i t a l

T o t a l s

3 330

1 300

2 000

ALTERNATIVE 1 TOTAL CAPITAL ............................ ............................

ALTERNATIVE 2

Mine

Gene ra l - in f r a s t ruc tu re

Concentrator

Sub to t a l

Contingencies (25 $)

Working c a p i t a l

ALTERNATIVE 2 TOTAL CAPITAL 1 27 801 (26 126 ( 1 287 1 388 I

4 . 3 - O p e r a t i n g c o s t s

ALTERNATIVE 1

Mine ( ~ e i n a j o k i )

C o n c e n t r a t o r ( ~ i h a n t i )

T r a n s p o r t & h a n d l i n g

A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ( g e n e r a l )

T r a n s p o r t & h a n d l i n g i n c l u d e s :

- Ore t r a n s p o r t f rom Mine t o R a i l r o a d s t a t i o n

( S e i n a j o k i / ~ u r m o )

- Ore h a n d l i n g a t RR s t a t i o n (Se ina joki /Nurmo)

- Ore t r a n s p o r t by t r a i n Seinajoki /Nurmo t o V i h a n t i

- Ore h a n d l i n g a t V i h a n t i

- C o n c e n t r a t e t r a n s p o r t Vihant i -Kokkola

ALTERNATIVE 2

Mine

C o n c e n t r a t o r

T r a n s p o r t - h a n d l i n g

A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ( g e n e r a l )

T r a n s p o r t & h a n d l i n g i n c l u d e s :

- C o n c e n t r a t e t r a n s p o r t Mine-Nurmo s t n ( ~ e i n a j o k i )

- Handl ing a t r a i l w a y s t a t i o n

- T r a n s p o r t Nurmo-Kokkola c o n c e n t r a t e s

4 .4

Discoun ted cash-f low and s e n s i t i v i t y a n a l y s i s

The r e s u l t s of t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s have been a l r e a d y shown

i n s e c t i o n 2 . 2 . The f o l l o w i n g g r a p h s p r e s e n t t h e outcomes

o f a l t e r n a t i v e 1 :

Graph 1 : Cummulative d i s c o u n t e d Cash-f low

Graph 2 : S e n s i t i v i t y c u r v e o f I n t e r n a l Ra te o f R e t u r n t o changes i n c a p i t a l c o s t and o p e r a t i n g c o s t .

Graph 3 and 4 r e s p e c t i v e l y - s e n s i t i v i t y c u r v e o f I n t e r n a l Ra te of R e t u r n t o changes i n o r e g r a d e and c o n c e n t r a t e p r i c e .

GRAPH 1

Minimum infrastructure at minesite - ore transport to existine concentrator and processing there (i.e. ~ihanti).

Concentrate transport to Kokkola.

Ore reserves, in situ 500 000 t

Ore grade, in situ 2 % Ore production per year 100 000 t

Operating cost 75 mk/t

Capital cost 9.5 mmk

Concentrate price (60 % Sb, CIF Eur. ) 4 500 mk/t

Costs level year 1978

CUMMULATIVE CASH-FLOW BEFORE TAXES

mmk 16

5 6 years

GRAPH 2

Minimum infrastructure at minesite - ore transport to existing concentrator and processing there (i.e. ~ihanti) . Concentrate transport to Kokkola.

Ore reserves, in situ

Ore grade, in situ

Ore production per year

Operating cost

Capital cost

Concentrate price (60 Sb, CIF Eur. )

Costs level year

IRR v/s Capital cost-operating costs

Operating cost mk/t

7 8 9 1 0 11 1 2 13 14 15 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 mmk

CAPITAL COST

GRAPH 3

Minimum infrastructure at minesite - ore transport to existing concentrator and processing there (i.e. ~ihanti).

Concentrate transport to Kokkola.

Ore reserves, in situ

Ore grade, in situ

Ore production per year 100 000 t

Operating cost 75 mk/t

Capital cost 9.5 mmk

Concentrate price (60 % Sb, CIP Eur.) 4 500 mk/t

Costs level year 1 978

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

IRR v/s ore grade

IRR

P

4.0 Sb % ORE GRADE

GRAPH 4

Minimum i n f r a s t r u c t u r e a t m i n e s i t e - o r e t r a n s p o r t t o e x i s t i n g c o n c e n t r a t o r and p r o c e s s i n g t h e r e ( i . e . ~ i h a n t i ) . C o n c e n t r a t e t r a n s p o r t t o Kokkola.

Ore r e s e r v e s , i n s i t u

Ore g r a d e , i n s i t u

Ore p r o d u c t i o n p e r y e a r 1 0 0 000 t

O p e r a t i n g c o s t 75 &/t

C a p i t a l c o s t 9.5 mmk

C o n c e n t r a t e p r i c e ( 6 0 % Sb, CIF ~ u r . ) 4 500 mk/t

C o s t s l e v e l y e a r 1978

. .

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

I R R v/s Sb c o n c e n t r a t e p r i c e

I RR

5000 6000 mk/ t

Sb CONCENTRATE PRICE

APPENDIX 1

0KME:n - GRL:n EXCURSIO SEINAJOELLA 12.-13.10.1977

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ , ( . . . : . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .. - . . . . . . . . - - .-. . . . . . . . . . . . - . - .. . ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ._ . . _ . / . . . - .. . . .. -. .? - ./.. ' .- . - . : :. -

.%

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' . . 1 ' - . : . .' .. . . . . . . . _ .. . . .* . . - . . . .

. . . . . . . : . . .- ~ k a ~ s & n n ~ a t t u tk imukse t . . . . . . . - , . . . . . . > .

- Ensimm2inen v i h j e Se inZjoen a l u e e n ka1l ioper3 i in l i i t t y - - vxs t l i S b - p i t o i s u u d e s t a s a a t i i n j o - v . 1936. TuoLloin 15- .

.. h e t e t t i i n geologiseer i tu t lc imusl3i tolcseen Sa tanon s e p e l i -

l o u h o k s e l t a TBrnZval ta k v a r t s i r i k a s n s y t e , j o k a sisalsi I ' . rnagnee t t i - j a kupar i ! i i i sun sekg f a l e r t s i n o h e l l a myBs .

joulton ' z n t imonimi.nerac?.lej a . Sakse l an t o i m e s t a :;uor.:i.Let -- -

t i i n p a i k a l l a tu tkimulcsia , j o l l c i r ; i l m e n i , e t t a t z v a t t u - .

, . S b - n i n c r a l i s a a t i o omaa l a h i n h v a i n ma ln i imine ra log i s t a . mielenl t i j -ntoa. T u t k i m u s t u l o k s e t on j u l k a i s t u mm. l a i t o k - - - s e n b u l l e t i i n i s s a n':o 157 v . 1952.

. . - . . . . . - Vuonna 1953 t a v a t t i i n Ti j rngva l ta Ruutimuseon 1 3 h i s t o l t a . p a i k a l l i s e s t a v e s i j o h t o k a i v a n n o s t a 1 o u h i t u . i s t a k i v i s t 3

. rnagnee t t i - j a a r s e e n i k i i s u j e n o h e l l a s t i b n i i t t i i i . GTL:een . . s a a p u n e e s t a n g y t t e e s t z s a a t i i n analysc~itaes.:ja 0 ,79 5 Sb,

. - mika s i i h e n a i k a a n n ~ ~ e e r a t t i i n v a r s i n v a h a i s e k s i p i t o i -

. k t i y n n i s t y i v i i t v a r s i n a i s e s t i v a s t a v , 1955. TZl13n a n t o i X i -

s5sysSyksen s y k s y l l i i 1953 T6rnZvar-1 k i r l c o l t a n . 600 111 N 1 . 6 ~ -

. . t y n y t n s . Mal isen l o h k a r e . Tama, l o y d e t t Z e s s 3 n . 70 kg p a i -

nanut l o h k a r e o l i k i v i l a j i l t a a n voimaklcaasti k v a r t s l u t u - c

n u t t a k i i l l e l i u s1 :ema i s t a t a v a r a a ,ja s j . s Z l s i a r s e e n l - j a

k u p a r i k i i s u n o h e l l a r u n s z z s t i r n e t a l l i s t a a n t i m o n i a . J o p a

n i i n r u n s a a s t i , e t t a n z y t t e e n todenpe rYisyy teen e i a l u k s i

. t a h d o t t u usltoa. Vv.. 1955-58 CTL:n n:almiossston (PS2'xlcCnct-I)

.. auori t tania l ; tutl<ir;lul:set jol-ltcvat s i t t e n n . l , 5 ltn pi'- L I \ C ' - : : I I,

nSv2n-Syrj Smon vyohykkeen , J6ytymiseen n o i n 1 kni em. Mal i sen

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . - -,

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- TABIX. 11 . . . . . . . . . . - *.

. . . - .'. . : . - . . . . . . . - . Q o ~ r i ~ i ~ y of a r c ill I ~ o l r s Jrillcd i_n_fig-~n?~~!np~~?~rh~~T~~~~~~~rld . -

---- . . , . . . . .

. '- ' . th8U hsh ""i8crv" I " I "% I I Aucm~rnc . r . . ,:

tltirLncsr ( m a 8 1 ma I) & . . in nrcc rs u'r~n (~qn~n)

. - 1 vzluc) _ .

. . lo ' . . . . . . . . ................. I t ' . . . . . ...-............... 13'....... ................. 14 .........................

. 9 ;...... .. ;.... .......... I - I . I T o t a l 1 9 2 6 3 4 1

I) .; 111' --- S I , - p c r c r ~ i ~ ~ ~ ; r s cst i lnztcd volunrc - . L . 3. - ' - - . . . - - - 1 ~ ~ * . 3 , ~ - : 3.500- * I ' * ( * PuO". . . .

H L L . . : lo 4Tso% . . = 3 , t . -9 .-

. . . .. -- . ., ... ?+- . - 8 : ~ - - * . -. - - - . . . . . . . . . . . : . . ... . . . . .. .. . . . . - . . . - . . - ._ : : . .

- TARLP. 12 .

Q u a n ~ i t y of orc in holcs d:illcd in t t r \rcsrcrn_p3:t of the T i i r ~ L v i i :c!$ - - - - . - .- -- -- . . . . . I -.

. Drjllhok e h i r f c r a 1 i Ore 1 PI I + nB 1 . cmrcct YI mtcrs

. . ).'a r a lue) C'IO~ ( i i m ) . .

. , . .- . 0.24 1 8 3 3 l . 8Z . . 1 5 . .......................... 6 4 . 2 5 - 6 6 . ~ 3 2.56

. 74.20- S0.20 6.00 0.30 4 4 1 0 2 7 1 *,=: - -

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1 9 ........................... 48.50-51.55 -.3.05 0 8 4 6 4 0.O-0.1 . . . . ...... .20 : ....... r .......... ... 55.40--56.50 1.10 0.38 I 015 1.0 ' . . .

36.60- 3S.30 1.70 0.46 . 1 3 5 5 1.8 . . ' - f

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. . . . . 1 1 ' ~ ' o t a l l 62316 1 . . . - . * . - 1 - . . . . .. -. 9 - . . * , . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . .

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.., . . , l o h k a r e e s t a ' e te l i i t in . VyBhyBc l i i v i s t e t t i i n n . 25 s y v l k a i -

, . .. :. k i i l l e l 5 u s k e i t a ja a - g n e l s s e j s . N2mK k o o s t u i v a t :Il<.l.)-):i.~?na

. . . . . .aI..- .

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. . . . . . : : . . . b i o t i i t ' i s t a , k v a r t s i s t a ja r n u s k o v i i t i s t a , j o i d e n k e s k i -

. .

. . . . .. - . . " ::.ntiiset mBl ra t v a i h t e l e v a t k i v i l a j e i t t a i n s u u r e s t i. I t s e . .

,- m i n e r a l i s o i t u n e e n vyijhylckeen a l u e t t a l u o n n e h t i i p a i k k a . . p a i k o i n h y v i n voimakas k i v i l a j i e n I : ~ a ~ ~ t s i u t u t i l i n c n j a s e r i -

, s i i t t i y t y m i n e n . Malrnimineraa1eir.a t a v a t a a n m a g n e e t t i- , a r s e e n i - ja r i l c k i k i i s u a , l o l l i n ' g i i t t i a , m e t z l l . a n t i r n ~ n i a ,

s t i b n i i t t i a , gudmund ' i i t t i a , b e r t h i e r i i t t i a j a myos vghan

k u l t a a . . . . . ,. .

- . . .

; M i n e r a l i s o i t u n e e n vyohy!ckeen palcsuuden ja S b - p ? t o i s u u d e n

v a i h t e l u t i l f i e n e v a t o h e i s i s t a t a u l u k o i s t a s i v u l l a 2

. (PUkkBnen 1 9 6 6 ) , sarnoin k u i n S b - p i t o i s u u d e n i l m e i n e r .

v y 6 h y k k e c s t a on i n v e n t o i t u (PBakkBnen) n . 0,5 rnilj. t o n n i a

malmia, j q n k a p i t o i s u u s - v a i h t e l e e P :n nukaan 0 ,30-2 ,63 --- % . Sb . Y k s i t y i s k o h t a i s e m p i vydhykkeen kuvaus l b y t y y mrn. PSak- - kijsen v a i t b s k i r j a s t a ( v . 1966)'.

- Vuos i en 1958 - 1975 v g l i s e r i a a i l t ana e i GTL:n t o i m e s t a suo -

1 : i t e t t u S c i n a j o e n a l u e e l l a a n t i m o n i n johd 'os ta v a r s i n a i s i a

k ' e n t t ~ t u t k i r n u k s i a , v a a n k y s e i n e n a j a n j a l t s o o l i lZhinn2i '

. .

. . v i l k k a a n I t ansannZyte to iminnan k a u t t a . Tq118in s a a p u i GTL:lle

- - - kymmen i t t a i n a r s e e n i l c i i s u a ja myijs S b - m i n e r a a l e j a sisalta-

.. ' . . nei tY n i i y t t e i t s l a h i n n a kahden kansanmiehen, S y r j a l . a n j a - P e r S l S n ' t o i m e s t a . Tiihan a j a n j z k s o o n l i i t t y v a t m n . A . J . L a i - . -

t a k a r i n tut l 'c imukset Nurmon V e n e s k o s k c l l a , Sein3joel . t&&

1 0 Inn E,_rnistS o l i i m a l a i t o s t u ~ _ n e l i s t a t a v a t t u p e g m a t i i t i n

y h t e y d e s t a pienehlc6 S b - r i k a s p e s a k e .

- l<ansannYyte to iminnan e d e l l e e n j a t k u e s s a v i l l ckaana h a v a i t -

t i i n t a rka s tu sk2yn I ; i . en yht'eyclessli, e t t S huornat tava o s a

- s e i v K s t i ym'. t u n n e t u n T k n z v a n - S y r j 3m5n j akson ulkopuo-

lel ta , l a h i n n a sen , j a tkce l t ; a i d a s l ; ~ ja k a a k o s t a . KcvlBlI~2i

1975 asia o l i kypsynyt s i j -hen v a i h e e s c c : ~ ~ , e t t 3 t o d c t t i i l - I

.5.*.- (Yle ty i r ien) k e n t t a t u t k i m u s t e n a l o i t . t a m i s e n p c i - u s t e l l u l t s i . .

. EnemrnYn t a i vShemm&n h a p a r o i v a n a l u n j ' s lkeen , mik3 j o h t u i

e n s i s i j a i s e s t i Etela-Suomen malmine ts in t s ryhman v a r s i n a i s - /

t e n k e n t t s n i e s t e n p u u t t e e s t a , s z a t i i n t y B t maaxtossa v a r -

s i n a i s e s t i k a y n t i i n k e s a l l z 1976.' ~ a i l o i n o s o i t t a u t u i , e t t 3

S y r j B l a n ja Pe rS lan lukuise ' i . S b - p i t o i s e t n a y t t e e t , j o i s s a

S b - p i t o i s u u d e t s a a t t o i v a t kohota 2-3 5 , o l i v a t p e r s i s i n . \

v a r s i n e p a y h t e n a i s i s t a p i l v i m a i s i s t g p i r o t e v y 8 h y k k e i s t a ,

. j o i t a e s i i n t y y p l a g i o k l - z a s i p o r f y r i i t i n r u h j e i s i s s a o s u e i s s a

mm, Routakal1ic:n ja Kal l . i o sa lon a1ue.i 1-la. TiirrrY!s j ohdos t a

- . k e s k i t e t t i i n t u t k i m u k s e t S e i n a j o e n j a Nurmon r a j a l l a s i j a i t -

s evaan NW-SE s u u n t a i s e e n p o r f y r i i t t i j a k s o o n j a s e n lahiym-

p S r i s t 8 6 n . A l u e e l l a s u o r i t e t t i i n mn. lcorkeajakso-s l ingram-

sekti IP - rn i t t auks i a , rnutta o s o i t t a u t u i , e t t a t u n n e t u t p i r o -

tevyi jhykkeet e i v a t t u l e n i i l l t i e s i l l e . K a l l i o p e r a k a r t o i -

t u k s e n y h t e y h e s s ~ s e n s i i a a n t a v a t t i i n keviitill i i 1977 Nurmon

. kunnan p u o l e l t a Tervasmsen-l{al l iosalon a l u e e l t a muutama

. - uus.i j a a i k a i s e m p i a e l v a s t i k i i n t o i s a n p i Sb-pirotevjr8hyke.

NBidcn 1Sytymiseen v a i k u t t i lnalmikoira Arri m y 6 s m e r k i t -

' t h v ~ s t i . Tervasmzen ja X a l l i o s a l o n S b - m i h e r a l i s a a t i o t 1 i i . t -

. t y v a t i n t c r m e d i a a r i 2 e n p l a g i o k l a a s i p o r f y r i i t i n ja happarlen

v u l k a n i i t i n v a l i s e e n r ~ h j e ~ s e e n ja k v a r t s i u t u n e e s e e n kontak-

. - t ivy8hylckeeseen. Tervasmaen m i n e r a l i s a a t i o n paksuudeks i t o -

. .. . d e t t i i n puhkeamassa 10-15 m. M i n e r a l i s a a t i o o n 3 - i i t t y y t Z B 1 1 @ . . . . . . g r a f i i t t i p i t o i n e n h o r i s o n t t i , joI:a t u l e e s e l v s s t i e s i l l e

n h . s l i n g r a m m i t t a u k s i l l a . K e s a l l a -77 s u o r i t c t t u j e n syva-

, k a i r a u s t e n p e r u s t e e l l a o s o i t t a u t u i , e t t a a n t i m o n i p i t o i n e n

vy6hyke' kuroutuu n o p e a s t i pi . t ,uussuunnassaan puhkeaman molem--<

. min p u o l i n v a r s i n mita t t i jmi iks i , Sb -p i to i suuden s a n a l l a las-

. . k i e s s a o l e e l l i s e s t i . Kevai i l la -77 l o y t y n e e n X a l l i o s a l o n

- ' m i n e r a l i s a a t i o n tutkj.mul:'set o v a t t a i l a h e t k e l l z v i e l a Itesken.

. , M i n e r a l i s a a t i o n paksuus v a i h t e l e e I t a i r a u s t e n rnukaan 10-3.5 n, '

\ a n t i r n o n i p i t o i s u u d c n o l e s s a IceskimEirin 0 ,8 5 . P i t u u s s u u n n a s s a

. .

: . . - 5 - ' . . . .

. . . . . \

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. . . . . . .. . . - . . .i ..... . . . . . . ,. . . -

. . . . . . ' b . .

- .

. v Bhgke t t z on t o i s t a i s e k s i o h d i t t y s e u r a k a v a i n n. 100 m:n )C- . . . . . . . . . . . . . - ' . i . .

. . . . . . . matlcalla. . . . ... ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

, . . . . . . . . . - . . . 3 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . <. - . . . .

'

. - Malrn in ineraa l iensa s u h t e c n l:eGvasm%en ja ~ ~ a l l i o s e l . u n vyo- . . . t . . . . . . . . .,- : .. .

. . _ I . . , . . - ;: . . hykkeet o v a t j okseenk in a n a l o g i s i a T 0 r n Z i v 5 n = ~ j Zmiin vy5-

; . . . . . 'hyl tkeen kanssa . N i inpa . t a r k e i m p i n a mal lnimineraale ina e s i i n -

' : giitti, magnee t t ik i i su . , s t . i b n i i t t i , - gudrnund i i t t i ja b e r t - ! . .

- . . "Geologi

. . . . . . . : pnii l o k a k u u t a 1977

. . . . .

. . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . -\ . . . . . . P i Oivanen . . . . .

. . -. . . .

. . . . . . . . .. ' : . , . . . . . . . . _ _ . .

. . . . . ,_ , . . . , - . . . . . . . .

> - . .... . - -- . . - .- . . . . . . . . ._I . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . , . . . , .

. . . .- . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . - . J . I - . - . . . . . . _ .: ' '. ;. ' : : . . - ,!. . : , . . . . . . . . _: .. . . . . . .... . . . . . . , . . . _., ' . ' ' .,. ' : .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~ . ' . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

8 . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;

. . . , . . . . . . .u . . , . . . . . .

: . * SeinSj oen - 1Jurmon Sb-mineraal.ej a . . . ,. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . _ ' . . . .,. , . . / . . . . . . , . : _ . . . . -. . ._ ' a , .. ' . . . . . . . . . : . .

. . . . . . . -+4.-, ,. : . .- : . r . . . , . . , . . . . . . -. .

. . . . . .- . . ..,_' . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . ,.. . . : .'. -. .

?.. . . . . . , . . . ... .

. . . . < - . :- . . ... . ' . =' - . . . . a : . : . . . . . . - . . 2 ...... . . . -. ., i - . .'. , ,>' .... . . ,. , . - I . . .;. . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . - -,. ': -! . . . . . . . . . . . ,,$:.:':-: . . ..... -. ..-..-..:. :.-. -.- -

:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .;, .;. ,.: ;- ;. .: -:--.

. : . . . . . :: c .; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . .. >.,.-.,. - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . : , . . , ,: . .' 17 'Ant imoni . . . . _ . . . , . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sb . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . .. ... . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . ...,. : -..., . . . ....... . . ... , . . . . . . . . - - . . I ;.t: ; . . . . . . . . . ., _ C _. - _ _. . . . . . . . >.. :- : - -

' . . ! . . . . -.. . . . - . . .. ' :.' ... . - ' - . ' , . ?''stibniitti . . . S-k2S3

. . - . . - . . . . . . . . ..... . . , .,? Z*'..,' . '

. . . . . . . . . .

Berthieriit ti . . FeSb2S4 . . . .

. . Gudmundiit t i F ~ S ~ S

, .

Kermesiitti - . - :Sb2s20 . . . .

Senarmontiitti , Sb203 . .

Valentiniitti , Sb203 ---

Tetrahedriitti , - . Cyl2sb4sl3 . . Brei'thauptiitti . . . . . . . - NiSb. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ' . . _: ... ". . I . . - . . .-

. . . . , -

i . . . .

- . , . . . . . . . . > . . - . . . ,'., . .

" ' . ' .. . i ~llrnanniit t i . . N ~ S - ~ S . . _ _ ._ - . _ - _ . . . . . . - . . . . - . . - - - - . . . . - : . - . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . .

. . . .

. . . - Boulangeriitti . pb5sb4s11 .. . . .. . . . - . . . . . . . ' t

Jamesoniitti -Pb4FeSb6Si4. . . . . . . . .

OUTOKUilPU Oy

M e t a l l u r g i n e n tu tk imus

2.4.3.71 MS/KM *: ...

. . . .. . . .'. rnrr&. . . .

. . . * . . . . . ' NAYTE SAAPUNUT 2 9 . l o . 19 70 .. . . ..

. . . . . . . . . I , . . . . - -..

. . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . : . : . -

. . , . . . . . . . . . . . - .

. . : . / . . . . - . .

- . . .

. . . . . . . . .- -- . .--- ..-. - .- . - ....

. . . .

3 . . .

S a a t u n 3 y t e o l i s e l v s s t i h a p e t t u n u t t a p i n t a m s t e r i a a l i a

e i k a s e l l a i s e n a a n anna o i k e a a kuvaa malmis t a ,

Teh ty j en t u t k i m u k s i e n p e r u s t e e l l a voidaan k u i t e n k i n . -\

t o d e t a : . . . . . . J a u h a t u s 50 % -200 mesh r i i t t b e e , nlutta v a a t i i hyvan

l u o k i t u k s e n mieluirnmin v i e l a u n i t ce l l -vaahdotuksen

j a u h a t u s p i i r i i n . . .

S b - s a a n t i t u l e e olemaan y l i 80 0 , mut ta y h t e i s r i k a s t e e n . . p i t o i s u u s j Y a m a t a l a k s i e l l e i p y r r o t i i t i n j a arseno-

p y r i i t i n e r o t u s S b - m i n e r a a l e i s t a o n n i s t u k u n n o l l a ,

. Tutkimukset j a t k u v a t , . . - .

Y l e i s a n a l y y s i s . .

. . . . . 8 ' . . .

. . . . . - . . . . . . ...

,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r : . .

. - Sb ' ... 2 l 1 % 61.5 %

. . . . sio*

?----"-

A s Oe20 % . A 1 2 0 3 14,2 % . . . . . . :

' Fe 5,2 % . CaO . 4 , 3 % - . . ,

. . .. . 'S l e 3 % . MgO 2.3 %

5.7 8 - . . . - , . . . . . . .

. . Ag ja Au - 0 . L . . . . . . . .-. . -. . . . _ -. - . - . . .

+ . . . - . , .

... . . . . . .

. . . .

. . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' M i n e r a a l i j akautuma . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . .

. . . , . . ,

% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

S u l f i d i e n -j a ant imonimet a l l i n m i n e r a a l i j akaui-uma . . A. . . . . . . on s u u r i n p i i ~ t e i n : .... . . . . . . . . ' ._.I,

. . . . . . . .

.w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~. - . .. . ;. . -. .,.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . ~ - . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . Sb203 -1 % , - . . . . . -9 1.4 % . , . :, .

. . / . . . . . . . .

FeSbS -1 .2 8 . ' - F e k - S . r > 0.7 % . . . . .'

I

. . Sb N 0.7 55 . .

'. . FeSb2S,+ (v;ihXnin)

- P

M i n e r a a l i e n koos tumus o n hyv in l a e l l a p u h t a i d e n . m i n e r a a l i e n koos tumuks ia j a ne e s i i n t y v a t h y v i n

m u o d o s t u n ~ i s s a r a k e i s s a . S t i b n i i t t i e s i i n t y y k u i t e n k i n

' ' v e r r a t e n u s e i n o h u i n a l a n e l l e i n a , v a r s i n k i n pyr ro-

, t i i t i n kanssa , Gudmund i i t t i e s i i n t y y j oskus s o t k u i s s a , . .

j o t k a i lmeises t i s i s a l t i l v s t h a p e t t u m i s t ' u o t t e i t a , . .

. . . . .. -

. . .- . . - .. . . . . . . >

. . . . . -

. . . . . . . . . - 0 . . . . . . ,.. _ .- . . _ . . - ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

r .... . . . . . . . J a u h a t u s . . . . . . . . . . ...:.:..

. . . . . . . . . .. - . - i. . . . . .

. . . , Koe-erzn j auhautuvuus o l i sama k u i n Outokumrnun malmin ,

~ 1 ; s t a v i e n koke iden mukaan riitt33 jauhatusas1:e n.

. . $0 % -200 mesh antarnaan p u h t a a t m i n e r a a l i r a k e e t .

Vad-idotuskokeet

Vaahdotuskokeiden p 3 8 t a v o i t t e e n a on o l l u t : . .

1. . ~ h t e i s r i k a s t e e n vaahdottarninen mahdo l l i s irnman

. . h y v S l l 2 S b - s a a n n i l l a .

2 . Sb:n ja As:n e r o t t a m i n e n

3 , ' " . M e t a l l i s e n Sb :n e r o t t a n i n e n ornaksi r i k a s t e e k s e e n

TyatY on t e h t y l S h i n n S t S y t e t y 3 n l u o n t o i s e n a ja s i k s i

t u l o k s i a on v a l m i i n a vas t a t a v o i t t e e s t a 1:

P a r a s koe (koe 2 , a i k a s a r j a v a a h d o t u s , 5.5 k g H2SOll /t,

550 g P b - a s e t a a t t i a / t ja 4 4 0 g i sop ropyy l j . l : s an taa t t i a / t ) ,

S u u r i n osa- jat teesss o l e v a s t a a n t i m o n i s t a on :

- gudmundi i t t i - h a p e t t u m i s l u o t e -

Y h t e i s r i k a s t e

9 .8 % 1 S h t o m a t e r i a a l i s t a

s o t k u i s s a . . - a n t i m o n i m e t a l l i p 6 l y s s ~ s i l i k a a t t i -

m i n e r a a l i r a k e i d e n s is a l l 3 . a

On t u t k i t t u : - pH:n v a i k u t u s t a . o p t i m i pl l -alue on 5-6,

s a a n t i -

79.7

60.6

78.3

31.4

% I p i t o i s u u s

mika v a s t a a 2-4 kg H2S0,,/t

.-- Sb

As

S

Fe

I Pbas :n 'magran v a i k u t u s t a r Ar~t imonin

18.0

2.0

9.7

17 ' 3

. - . s e a n t i p a r a n e e j a t k u v a s t i Pbas :n mYlran

mukaan, v a i k k a on l i s s t t y y l i 0 .5 kg

pbas /t . . - CuSO,, .ei p a r a n t a n u t an t imonin s a a n t i a . - CMC:n v a i k u t u s t a : P a i n a a a n t i m o n i a C

v Na2C03 :n v a i k u t u s ta : E p a s e l v a v Ca(OHI2 :n v a i k u t u s t a : P a i n a a e p l s e l e k t i i v i s e s t i . .. - K l o o r i k a l k i n v a i k u t u s t a : EpZse lva

. . L i s S k s i on t u t k i t t u P b - a s e t a a t t i - v a l n e n n u s a j an j a ves i-

l a s i - c l i s p e r g o i n n i n v a i k u t u s t a es i v a a h d o t u k s e s s a s e k S

. Na2Cr207 :n,flaCN :n ja ami in ivaahdo tuksen v a i k u t u s t a

k e r r d t u n r i k a s t e e n f r a k t i o i n n i s s a , rnutta a n a l y y s i t u l o k s e t

o v a t v i e l a saamatta.

- . .

Magneettiset erotuskokeet . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - ,..-

. . Kokeet e ivat ole antaneet k3y t t l )ke lpo i s ia t u l o k s ia. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ _.'. . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .

. . . . . . . -.. -. ." . . - . . - .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . - . , : . . ..: . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._. . ' . ... . - . . :.,. . . ' . ̂ . .

. . . . . . . . . , - i . . . . . . ' .L . . . " . . . . .

. . ' . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

.' . _ . , . . . .

.:. . . . . . . . -

. . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . ..

. . . . . . . % . ' . . - .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ : ./. _ . . . . . . . . . . . , . . - ... . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . ,. . .. - I . _

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . : _ > . '

. . . -?_

. . . . . . : ;

, ..: . . . . ? . . . . . : . 1 . . . . . . . . . '. .'...Porissa.24,3,71 . . .

. . . - _ . 1 . . ... , . . . . . .

Matti Saari Carl Wes tman

APPENDIX 2

CAPITAL COST CALCULATIONS

Mine ramp From s u r f a c e t o abou t 100 m d e p t h

i n c l i n a t i o n 1 : 7

s e c t i o n 20 m 2

good r o c k , need v e r y l i t t l e s u p p o r t

Length e s t i m a t e d i n 800 m

Cost mk/m 2 500 TOTAL = mk 2 000 000

D i s t r i b u t i o n y e a r 1 600 m - mk 1 500 000

" 2 200 'I - 500 000

Main l e v e l s Located i n waste r o c k a t 50 m v e r t i c a l i n t e r v a l s .

S e c t i o n 20 m 2

Good r o c k , l i t t l e suppor t

Es t imated l e n g t h each 150 m , t o t a l 300 m

Cost mk/m 1 500 TOTAL = mk 450 000

D i s t r i b u t i o n y e a r 1 100 m 150 000

Cross c u t s Located from t h e main l e v e l s i n t o t h e orebody,

a t 12 m d i s t a n c e .

Length 15 m

E s t i m a t e d q u a n t i t y l'i

Cost mk/m 1 500 Cost p e r u n i t - 22 500 &/cross- c u t

TOTAL COST =382 000

D i s t r i b u t i o n y e a r 1-4 - mk 90 000

" 2-6 11 135 000

" 3-7 I1 157 000

V e n t i l a t i o n r a i s e s

Located a t 6 0 t h ends o f t h e mine. Diameter ab. 2 m.

Es t imated l e n g t h 200 m.

Uni t c o s t mk/m 1000 TOTAL mk 200 000

D i s t r i b u t i o n yea r 1 100 000

l1 2 100 000

Underground equipment

V e n t i l a t i o n Blowers 3 mk 100 000

Pumps 11 50 000

Others 11 50 ooo 200 000

D i s t r i b u t i o n yea r 1 100 000

l1 2 100 000

B u i l d i n g s f p r o f f i c e s , change and lunch rooms

Es t imated mk 200 000 yea r 1 .

Sur face development

The i t em i n c l u d e s a c c e s s rood t o t h e ramp e n t r a n c e and t o

t he camp, s i t e c l e an ing f o r o f f i c e s and p o s s i b l e dumps,

d r a inage , i l l u m i n a t i o n .

Road 3 km e s t ima t ed mk 150 000

Others l1 100 000

TOTAL, yea r 1 mk 250 000

Power supp ly

Companies t r an s fo rmer s t a t i o n , 5 km l i n e , e l e c t r i c a l

i n s t a l l a t i o n s , i l l u m i n a t i o n .

Mine on ly , a l t e r n a t i v e 1 mk 500 000

Mine and c o n c e n t r a t o r , a l t e r n a t i v e 2 m k 2 000 000

W.ater, supply Mine only, alternative 1

Mine and concentrator, alternative 2

Land purchase

Alternative 1 , 15 Ha x 10 000 =

Alternative 2, 20 Ha x 10 000 =

Maintenance shop & warehouse

A1 ternat ive 2

Estimated 800 000 mk

Tailings pond

Alternative 2,

assumed mk 1 000 000

ALTERNATIVE 1

SUMMARY - Minimum i n f r a s t r u c t u r e , no c o n c e n t r a t o r

- Concentra t ion a t V i h a n t i

- Ore t r a n s p o r t by t r a i n t o V ihan t i

- Concent ra tes t r a n s p o r t e d t o KokkoLa

I tern

Underground equipment

Exp lo ra t i on

GENERAL

Bu i ld ings

Su r f ace development

T o t a l s

MINE

. Mine ramp

Main l e v e l s

Cross-cuts

V e n t i l a t i o n r a i s e s

Power supply

Water supply

2 000

4 5 0

380

200

Land purchase

Others

CONCENTRATOR

SUB TOTAL 16 630

Improvements a t V i h a n t i

Cont ingencies 25 % 1- 2 000

Working c a p i t a l ( 1 200

TOTAL CAPITAL 19 488 .................................... ....................................

year 3 yea r 1 yea r 2

ALTERNATIVE 2

SUMMARY - Concentrator construction

- Providing infrastructure

- Concentrator transported by train to Kokkola

Item

MINE

Mine ramp

Main levels

Cross-cuts

Ventil. Raises

Undergr. equipment

Exploration

GENERAL

Buildings

Surface development

Power supply

Water supply

Land purchase

Others

Maintenance shop . & warehouse

CONCENTRATOR

Basic investment

Tailings pond

SUB TOTAL

Contingencies 25 $

Working Capital

TOTAL CAPITAL ....................................................

Total

2 000

4 5 0

3 80

200

200

100

400

500

2 000

1 000

200

5 00

800

12 000

1 000

21 730

5 433

27 163

6 38

27 801 .............................................................

Year 3

150

160

-

- -

- - - - - -

-

- -

31 0

7 8

388

-

388

mk x 1000

Year 1

1 500

150

9 0

100

100

50

4 00

500

2 000

1 000

200

500

800

12 000

1 000

20 390

5 098

25 489

638

26 126

Year 2

5 00

150

130

100

100

5 0

- - - - - -

-

- -

1 030

257

1 287

-

1 287

APPENDIX' 3

ANTIMONJUM ORE OCCURRENCES

Antimony o rebod ie s a r e u s u a l l y of smal l s i z e and s c a t t e r e d

around t h e world.

The main minera l composites a r e :

s t i b n i t e - Antimony t r i s u l f i d e i s t h e p r i n c i p a l one.

Where t h e s t i b n i t e ha s been exposed t o ox ida t i on

i t i s p re sen t i n t h e forms :

- s t i b i c o n i t e Sb306 (OH)

- c e r v a n t i t e Sb 0 o r Sb203 Sb205 2 4

- v a l e n t e n i t e Sb203 - senarmonti t e Sb20 j - k e r mas i te 2Sb2S3 * Sb203

n a t i v e antimony i s found o c a s s i o n a l l y

complex o r e s con t a in ing s t i b n i t e and l e a d , copper , s i l v e r

and q u i c k s i l v e r a r e impor tan t sou rce s o f antimony. I n

t h e s e c a s e s , t h e antimony i s u s u a l l y recovered a s

by-product.

Most antimony d e p o s i t s a r e formed by hydrothermal s o l u t i o n s

a t low tempera tures and sha l low dep th , g i v i n g r i s e t o

f i l l e d f i s s u r e s , j o i n t s and rock pores and t o i r r e g u l a r

replacement d e p o s i t s . Some primary d e p o s i t s have been

enr iched i n ox id iced produc ts through r e s i d u a l weathering.

The o r e s range i n t e n o r g e n e r a l l y from 3 $ t o 8 $, and a r e

u s u a l l y e x p l o i t e d by underground mining methods.

Examples of o r e d e p o s i t s

The i n fo rma t ion a v a i l a b l e i s r a t h e r s c a r c e i n t h i s r e s p e c t ,

bu t t h e summarized examples t h a t fo l low can be i l l u s t r a t i v e :

China Large r e s e r v e s and very l a r g e d e p o s i t s .

Ore c o n t a i n s about 6 $ Sb, w i th lumpy o re so r t ed

t o 55 $ t o 60 $ Sb

Mexico Underground mines e x p l o i t i n g v e i n s i n San L u i s

de P o t o s i . A t Hu i tzuco , t h e r e a r e d e p o s i t s

c o n t a i n i n g 1 % - 2 $ Sb and 0.3 $ Hg.

B o l i v i a High g r a d e antimonium i s found i n q u a r t z v e i n s

i n s h a l e . The o r e i s complex c o n t a i n i n g s t i b n i t e

and base meta l s u l p h i d e s .

A l g e r i a S t i b n i t e v e i n s i n l i m e s t o n e , w i t h c e r v a n t i t e ,

s e n a r m o n t i t e , v a l e n t i n i t e .

U.S.A. Antimonium i s produced mainly a s a by-product

o f l e a d o r e smel t ing .

A u s t r a l i a

P r o d u c t i o n o f 3 600 t o 4 500 t / y e a r of c o n c e n t r a t e s

a r e r e p o r t e d from Wild C a t t l e Creek mine i n New

S o u t h Wales. The o r e s average 4 t o 5 $ i n Sb.

Canada Lake George Mine mines about 400 t /d o f antimonium

o r e c o n t a i n i n g 4 . 2 $ Sb. C o n c e n t r a t i o n i s by

f l o t a t i o n w i t h 93 % recovery and a c o n c e n t r a t e

g r a d e of 66 $ Sb.

WORLD PRODUCTION STATISTICS

The t o t a l world production has been i n t h e l a s t yea r s :

Year Sb i n o r e s and concen t r a t e s

t

I n 1976, t h e product ion by c o u n t r i e s was :

( i n t )

B o l i v i a 15 307

China 15 000

South Af r i ca 1 1 766

USSR 7 700

Thailand 6 167

Canada 3 400

Mexico 2 546

Turkey 2 223

Yogoslavia 1 835

Guatemala 1 707

Morocco 1 426

I t a l y 1 009

S u b t o t a l 70 086

Others ( l e s s than 1 000 t ) 5 789

T OTA L 75 875 ---------------- ----------------

PRICES

Engineering & Mining Jou rna l - Metals Week Q u o t a t i o n s

ANTIMONY METAL

mk/kgAverageAnnual &/kg (approximate)

USA : 99.5 '$ Sb, bulk 1974 . 1975 1976 1977

Lone s t a r , f o b Laredo 16.3 16.0 16.8 15.6

RMM fob Laredo 13.7 13.3 13.9 13.0

B.Y. imported 15.8 11.4 13.3 10.5

ANTIMONY ORE 1976 1977

Lump 60 $ US$/^ u n i t 18.7-20.4 25.9-27.6

Metal B u l l e t i n quo ta t ions

ANTIMONY METAL

Equivalent mk/kg 1977

Place Type % Sb Condi t ions Approximate

Europ. Free Mkt Regulus 99.6 CIF Europe 9.6-9.9

France 9 9 Fot exc l . t axes 11.9

I t a l y 99. 6 ex-works 9.9-11 .3

Japan ex-warehouse 13.4

ANTIMONY ORES

jtype I $ s b I Condi t ions

70 CIF UK

b lack powder 70 CIF UK

ntimony ox ide ,

Sulph. o r e concen t r . Lump sup lh ide o r e

I Cookson's whi te i n 5 t d e l i v e r e d U K , n e t

50-55

60

Nov. 1977

Market p r i c e

CIF Europe

no t quoted

US$ 17.5-20/ t o n m i t Sb

APPENDIX 4

CASE STUDY OF CANADIAN MINE

Mine

Lake George Mine, c o n s o l i d a t e d Durham Mines,

P r i nce Wil l iam, N.B.

( ~ a t a y e a r 1975)

Tons h o i s t e d t /d 250

Waste t /d 50

Stope method Room and P i l l a r

Recovery $ 95

D i l u t i o n $ 15

P r o d u c t i v i t y , t /man-shift 8

Development Cos t s c$ / f t mk/m

S h a f t 5.5 x 2.1 m 5 5 0 6 700

R a i s e s 1.5 x 1.5 m 30 3 70

D r i f t s 2.4 x 2.4 m 60 740

D i r e c t Mine . C o s t s

Equipment S top ing : D r i l l i n g : Seco j a c k l e g s la1! ~8

Fan d r i l l i n g

B l a s t i n g : Anfo-c l ige l

Mucking : S l u s h e r s

Main h a u l i n g 30 i n . r a i l

Crusher 26 in . jaw c r u s h e r

V e n t i l a t i o n A x i a l 36", 30 000 cfm

Pumps 100 Hp, 200 gpm

Ho i s t C I R PE-1 72x48 2 s k i p s 90 c u f t

Underground personne l

S t a f f

S top ing 29

Develop. -hois t ing, haulage .4

M i l l P roce s s

M i l l c a p a c i t y t /d

heads $ Sb

Recovery $ Concen t ra te g rade $ Sb

M i l l i n g c o s t c$/ t

Labour

S u p p l i e s

Power

TOTAL

M i l l l a b o u r

S t a f f 26

Workers 50

Grinding

TOTAL 76

P e r c e n t -200 mesh

f l o t a t i o n

Pulp d e n s i t y ($ s o l i d s ) 3 5

B a l l s and consumption ( l b / t ) 4" PS, 2.75 l b / t 1.1 kg/ t

L i n e r s N i h a rd

Reagent Consumption l b / t - g / t

C o l l e c t o r AER3477 0.08 3 2

F r o t h e r MIBC 0.1 40

cuso4 0.09 3 6

T a i l i n g d i s p o s a l and wate r supp ly

T a i l i n g l i n e l e n g t h m 48 8

Pipe d iamete r mm 150

Water supp ly d i s t a n c e m 183

Power supp ly

Source d i s t a n c e km 0.8

Main l i n e i n s t a l l e d kW 1 500

Peak l o a d kW 800

Transformers 1 Re l i ance 3ph, 1500 kVA 1 3 800 V/575 V

2 GE 1ph 75 kVA, 13800/2400 kVA