OUTLINEOUTLINE

• Where we’ve come from: CCSDS space links

• Where we are now:– Delay Intolerant Networking (the IP suite)– The first Delay Tolerant Application (CFDP)

• Where we are going:– Delay Tolerant Networking (Bundles)

• MTO possibilities

InterPlaNetaryInternet (IPN)

Evolution of the terrestrial Internet

Evolution of space standards

CCSDS Recommendation for Advanced Orbiting Systems

Baselined by Space

Station and Ground Network

1970 1980 1990 2000

International Space StationExtension ofStandards forMore ComplexSpace Missions

}Extension of the

Terrestrial Internetinto Space

NASA Telemetry Standardization

NASA/ESAWorking Group

“Packet” Spacecraft Telemetry and Telecommand

NASA/DOD/CCSDS Space Communications Protocol Standards (CCSDS-SCPS) Project

TheDarkAge

OfGOSIP

File Transfer: FTAM

Transport: TP4

Network: ISO 8473

File Transfer: FTP

Transport: TCP

Network: IP

02 January, 1996STRV-1b IP address:192.48.114.156Basic Space/Ground

CommunicationsStandards forSpace Missions

} Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)

2002:605 millionusers

InterPlaNetary Internet (IPN): a long term architecture for a connected Solar System

http://www.dtnrg.orgdtn-interest@mailman.dtnrg.org

The Internet is a connected, chatty ‘network of networks’ based on a wired backbone with negligible delay and errors (with untethered“edges” emerging)

The InterPlaNetary Internet is a often disconnected, store-and forward ‘network of Internets’ based on a wireless backbone with huge delays and error prone links

Untethered, disconnectedExtreme mass/power constraintsMobile, ad-hoc, self organizing

Space missions are increasingly moving from point-to-point to networkedarchitectures

-- internal to each spacecraft-- on and around other planets

Just like the terrestrial Internet, standardized space networking allows us to build low-cost, reusable infrastructure that can be shared by many diverse space missions

Mars Region 1

Mars Region 2

Mars Orbit Region

Terrestrial RegionDeep Space Backbone Region

The Interplanetary Internet:An overlay network for interconnection of regional internets

• A region is an area where the relevant characteristics of communication are homogeneous

• Regions are defined based upon:– Communications capability– Quality of Service Peerings – Security (levels of trust)– Degree of resource

management– Etc.

• Traversal of two or more regions will affect the nature of communications

RA

RC

RB

RE

RD

Interplanetary Internet: a “network of regionalinternets”

We need a general, standard way to communicate end-to-end through multiple regions in a disconnected,

variable-delay environment

“The Internet”

Deep SpaceBackbone

End-to-End Dialog

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region Region

Region

NetworkIP

NetworkIP

Phys 1

Link 1 Link 1

Phys 1 Phys 2

Link 2

The Internet: a Network of Connected Sub-Networks

Phys 2

Link 2

Phys 3

Link 3

App

App

App App

App

App

NetworkIP

TransportTCP

NetworkIP

TransportTCP

Phys 3

Link 3

Subnet 1 Subnet 2 Subnet 3

Bundles: A Store and Forward Application OverlayThe “Thin Waist” of the Interplanetary Internet

A “network of internets” spanning dissimilar environments

Bundle

App

App

App App

App

App

Bundle Bundle

Phys 1

Transport a

Network a

Link 1 Link 1

Phys 1 Phys 2

Link 2

Network a

Phys 3

Link 3

Network b

Transport b

Phys 2

Link 2

Network a

Transport a

Phys 3

Link 3

Network b

Transport b

Internet a Internet b

New protocol development

Possibledisconnection

Bundle Service Layering

“Bundling”

Convergence Layer (specific adapters that mapBundles to underlying transmission services)

BundleCustody Transfer

Bundleend-end Reliability

BundleAuthentication

BundleEncryption

BundleTBD

Services

Bundle Segmentation & Reassembly

Bundle API

e2e Applications(e.g., Bundle FTP, CFDP, Bundle NTP)

Bundle Routing

CCSDSLong-haul Link

CCSDSProximity Link SONET Ethernet

IP

TCP UDPLTP

CCSDS Space Applications Protocols (CFDP, Messaging, Streaming, etc.)

CCSDS BundlingCCSDS Bundling

Surface

Deep Space BackboneEarth

OrbiterFree Flyer

Constellation

Developing the CCSDS Bundling protocol suite will provide general purpose delay tolerant protocol services in support of many diverse applications in highly networked configurations:

– Custody transfer– Segmentation and reassembly– End-to-end reliability– End-to-end security– End-to-end routing– Long-haul link reliability

• Bundling can replace most of DPM & SFO and will therefore allow CFDP to stabilize

“Interplanetary Networking ”: 2007+

Bundle SpecificationBundle Specification

Bundle PrototypingBundle Prototyping

IPNArchitecture

(Internet Draft 1)May 2001

Bundle Protocol Specification, Draft1

September 2002

1st.Rough CodeAugust 2000

2nd.Proto.CodeMay 2002

SpecificationsCode base

3rd.Proto.CodeJuly 2002

DTNArchitecture

(Internet Draft 2)August 2002

4th Proto.CodeSept. 2002

5th Proto. CodeNov. 2002

DTNArchitecture

(Internet Draft 3)March 2003

Bundle Protocol Specification(Internet Draft 1) March 2003

IPN Bundle Transfer(Internet Draft 1) March 2003

Open Source Release1 CodeMarch 2003

Code available at http://www.dtnrg.org

Delay TolerantDelay TolerantNetworkingNetworking

Stressed tactical communicationsStressed tactical communications

Sensor Sensor WebsWebs

Interplanetary Internet

Remote outposts

IPN evolution:Broader applicabilityNearer term utilityLarger research community

• “Non-chatty” message-oriented communications

• Store-and-forward between nodes

• Routing algorithms cognizant of scheduled connectivity

• Use transport and network technologies appropriate to the environment

• Integral infrastructure protection

Open ArchitectureOpen SpecificationsOpen Implementations

InterplanetaryInternet

Fielded DTNDeployments

IRTF

DTNResearchGroup

Public

IPNSIG

OtherDTN communities

Delay Tolerant Networking:a broad community effort

http://www.ipnsig.orghttp://www.dtnrg.org

http://www.ccsds.org

Purpose, goals and research issues. The purpose of the project is to contribute to the design and implementation of the general Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) architecture, with special focus on wireless sensor and sensor/actuator networks (SN). The aim of the general DTN architecture is to achieve interoperability between and among challenged networks. Of particular interest for this research proposal is using DTN to achieve interoperability between wirelessSNs and the Internet. In practical terms, this means being able to access, operate and control wireless sensor networks through the Internet.

Fieldeddeployments ofDTN technology

DARPA Advanced Technology Office

2003 2004 20052002

• DTN Architecture• DTN Design Documents

• Reference Software• Configuration Control

• International Standards

Delay TolerantDelay TolerantNetworkingNetworking

DTN Standardization

DTN Open Source

DTN Research Group:Focal pointfor DTN DTN Core Engineering

ajh1604 June, 2003

Internet

Sea Worldregion

DTNSatellite

G/W

NSFAntarcticregion

Satelliteterminal

Rover

EarthSat

DrydenDC8

Rover

ArcticMars analog region

JPL Control Center(AMMOS/SMOCC)

Future DTN regions

DSNTerminal(DTF-21)

Rover

JPL Arroyo:North Mars analogregion

Deep SpaceBackboneregion

Rover

Lander

Rover

JPL MarsYard: SouthMars analog region

CCSDSLong-haul

EarthOrbitRelayregion

JPL Core System

DTN TEST AND DEMONSTRATION INCUBATOR CONCEPT

MarSat

JPL Mesa:Mars OrbitAnalogregion

SensorField

SensorFieldSensor

Field

SensorField

SensorField

• Store and forward mode• Transfers files• Currently point-point:

– Static Routing– Implicit notion of Custody

• Monolithic• Fairly complex; adding

routing + custody transfer will make it more so

• Only of current interest to the ‘space’ community

CFDP and Bundling• Store and forward mode• Transfers all forms of data• Inherently networked:

– Dynamic Routing– Full DTN Custody protocol

• Will be internally layered• Quite complex, but

layering will make complexity manageable

• Of wide potential interest to other communities

• Get CFDP into widespread use as a waypoint to Bundling• Avoid increasing the complexity of the protocol beyond Core+Extended

• Mobilize other DTN users to develop Bundling as a community effort• Broader base of users and applications = faster development and more robustness

• Infuse Bundling to handle needed complexity and simply move a stable CFDP to become an application running over Bundling

Proposed Strategy

BUNDLECustody transfer;

e2e security, reliability, routing

Convergence Layer (specific adapters that mapBundles to underlying transmission services)

BundleCustody Transfer

Bundleend-end Reliability

BundleAuthentication

BundleEncryption

BundleTBD

Services

Bundle Segmentation & Reassembly

Bundle API

Bundle Routing

CFDP File operations[CFDP point-to-point reliability]

APPLICATIONSe2e Applications(e.g., Bundle FTP, CFDP, Bundle NTP)

CCSDS Reliable Space LinkCCSDSLong-haul Link

CCSDSProximity Link SONET Ethernet

IP

TCP UDPLTP

Bundle-Era CCSDS Space Internet Protocol Stack

1Physical

2Link

3Network

4Transport

7ApplicationServices

SpaceApplications

Modulation

Proximity 1 SpaceData Link Protocol

IPSecSCPS-SP Security Protocol

FTP,SCPS-FP

TCP/UDPSCPS-TP

CFDP

Radio Frequency

bTM Space DataLink Protocol

Reed-SolomonCoding BCH CodingConvolutional

CodingTurbo

CodingTLM Frame

Sync.CLTU and

PLOPs

OnboardPHY

SCPS-NP SpaceNetwork Protocol

Internet Protocol(IPv4, IPv6)

On-boardLLC

On-board

converg-ence

Lossless DataCompression

Applications: Spacecraft Instruments and Subsystems

Space DataLink SecurityMechanisms

CommunicationsOperation

Procedure 1

TC Space DataLink Protocol

AOS Space DataLink Protocol

Space PacketProtocol

Bundling

MobileIP

KeyMgmtRSVP

LinkMgmt

TimeConstrainedApplications

LinkARQ

LinkARQ

DelayTolerant

Networking

2007-2012 “Bundling-era” Protocol Scenario

CCSDS Bundling

Surface

Deep Space BackboneEarth

OrbiterFree Flyer

Constellation

CCSDS Proximity Linkand Coding

CCSDS UHF;local wired/

wireless

CCSDSUHF

CCSDSS, X, Ka Band;

Optical

LocalTerrestrial

Wired

LocalTerrestrial

Link

IP

IPSEC

TCP, UDP

CCSDS Long-haul Link

IP, CCSDS NP

(TCP, UDP)

CCSDS Long-Haul Link and Coding

CCSDS Space LinkExtension (SLE)

CCSDS NP

CCSDS Link +Physical Security

CCSDS Space Applications Protocols (Packet, CFDP, Messaging, Streaming, etc.)

Long-haul Link ARQ

OUTLINEOUTLINE

• Where we’ve come from: CCSDS space links

• Where we are now:– Delay Intolerant Networking (the IP suite)– The first Delay Tolerant Application (CFDP)

• Where we are going:– Delay Tolerant Networking (Bundles)

• MTO possibilities

MTO Reference Communications System

ELECTRA

12 dBiUHF MGA

0.5 mX-BAND MGA

GIMBALED RELAY PLATFORM

RELAY RF SUBSYSTEM

LGA

SW DIPLEXER SMALL DEEP SPACE TRANSPONDERS

X-BAND TRANSMITTERS

HGA

DIRECT TO EARTH RF SUBSYSTEM

Ka-BAND TRANSMITTERS

S/C COMMAND,

DATA HANDLING & MEMORY

OPTICAL EXPERIMENT

A possible Bundle-enabled MTO Communications System

ELECTRA

UHF MGA

X-BAND MGA

GIMBALED RELAY

PLATFORM

RELAY RF SUBSYSTEM

LGA

SW

DIPLEXER SMALL DEEP SPACE

TRANSPONDER

X-BAND TRANSMITTERS

HGA

DIRECT TO EARTH RF SUBSYSTEM

Ka-BAND TRANSMITTERS

S/C C&DH, MEMORY,

FILE SYSTEM

OPTICAL DEMONSTRATION

BUNDLEBUNDLERELAYRELAY

SimplePoint-to-PointBundling flow

NetworkedBundling flow

A sponsored A sponsored ““EarthKAMEarthKAM””--style style

Interplanetary Interplanetary Internet outreach Internet outreach

opportunity?opportunity?

We can be well down the road by 2009…….

• a shared commitment to make it happen• a test and demonstration environment that

shows the progressive maturity of DTN technology

• an MTO design that recognizes its pivotal role in “the decade of the Interplanetary Network”

… to get there we need: