Outline - Telsoc · 4/28/2015 · Mobile Cellular Small Cells Macrocells using 700MHz out to 35km...

8/9/2014

(C) Mark A Gregory 1

National Broadband Network

by Dr Mark A Gregory FIEAust, SMIEEE

A nation building project

Outline

8/9/2014 (C) Mark A Gregory 2

1 National Broadband Network

2 Technologies

3 Alternate Technologies

4 NBN related issues

5 Universal Service

8/9/2014


National Broadband Network

There can be no greater goal today, for this nation, than to strive to

become a leader in the global digital economy and when this is

achieved to maintain this position in the decades to come.

A National Broadband Network that utilises FTTP, Wireless and

Satellite to connect Australians to the NBN is an instrumental

requirement if this nation is to succeed.


History

NBN I – 2007 - FTTN

NBN II – 2009 – FTTP 93%, wireless+satellite 7%

NBN III – 2014 – FTTN, FTTdp, HFC, FTTP,

wireless+satellite


8/9/2014


What is the NBN really about?

The NBN is about more than connection speed.

• Connection speed

• Capacity – NBN, national and international

• Traffic Class Management

• Congestion – peak hour

• Staying ahead of our competitors – global digital economy


Definitions

CIR – Committed Information Rate defines a level of data throughput for

which service frames are delivered according to the performance

objectives of the applicable traffic class.

PIR – Peak Information Rate is defined as the maximum data throughput

that may be delivered by the service. Note that traffic capacity in excess

of the CIR and within the PIR will be carried through the NBN Co

Network without any performance objectives. Traffic that exceeds the

PIR will be discarded at ingress to the NBN Co Network.


8/9/2014


Definitions - Costs

“Access Virtual Circuit” (AVC), which identifies a customers traffic within the NBN – AVC is

one cost

Access Seekers purchase a “Connectivity Virtual Circuit” (CVC) for each Connectivity

Serving Area they wish to cover. The CVC is essentially a bandwidth pipe, the size

determined by the cost. The larger the CVC, the better the service to subscribers within the

Connectivity Serving Area – CVC is another cost

Access Seekers connect to NBN PoIs and there is a monthly charge for every PoI

connection and an initial one off charge for every PoI connection

And now there are green field and Fibre on Demand costs


Technologies

Fixed Line

Fixed Wireless

Satellite


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Source: NBN Co


121 Points of Interconnect

Transit

Minimum of two backhaul

providers at each PoI

At some PoI backhaul

providers are Telstra and

government

Source: NBN Co


8/9/2014


Fibre

Source: Schink, H.


Long Reach PON

Source: R Ram, MIT


8/9/2014


PON Trends

Source: Kani and Davey, NTT


Passive Optical Network – Active Architecture


8/9/2014


Network Termination Unit

Source: Alcatel Lucent


Property Connection Point

Source: NBN Co


http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/352822/coming_wall_near_meet_nbn_ont

8/9/2014


Distribution Network

Source: NBN Co



http://www.nbnco.com.au/wps/wcm/connect/80c0d68043a2015c8d09fdc5166da634/Network_and_Operations_Information_Session_Presentation.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=80c0d68043a2015c8d09fdc5166da634

8/9/2014




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Point of Interconnect to Premises


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Cabinet and pit

Source: NBN Co


Copper Advances

But the length gets shorter and

shorter and shorter….

Source: newelectronics


8/9/2014


FTTN with VDSL2

Source: AT&T


VDSL2 Vectoring

Copper pairs from one cable cannot be connected to different ISAM


8/9/2014


FTTdp Architecture

Source: itNews



http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=-_2_LwonzguB_M&tbnid=OGnVBnOFz-RQDM:&ved=0CAgQjRw&url=http://www.itnews.com.au/News/348820,copper-broadband-beats-1gbps-speeds-in-trial.aspx&ei=K9cOVIuSNpX48AWC04CIAQ&psig=AFQjCNHrNbK61KY95mZ63CXUJNfsWC0y6Q&ust=1410345131994393

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Hybrid Fibre Coax

Source: linebroker.co.uk


Fixed Wireless Block Diagram

Source: NBN Co


8/9/2014


Fixed Wireless

2.3 GHz spectrum – not as good as 700 MHz for regional

use

http://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/client_search.client_lookup?pCLIENT_NO=1104329

http://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/client_search.client_lookup?pCLIENT_NO=8129031


Fixed Wireless eNodeB Base Station

Each eNodeB has three sectors and is sited according to a site specific radio

coverage plan to provide optimised coverage.

Each sector supports on average 60 premises, with an approximate CIR for the

eNodeB of 100Mbps.

• 3 RF Antennae

• GPS Antenna

• Remote Radio Unit

• Digital Baseband Unit

• Power Supply

• Battery Backup


http://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/client_search.client_lookup?pCLIENT_NO=1104329http://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/client_search.client_lookup?pCLIENT_NO=1104329http://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/client_search.client_lookup?pCLIENT_NO=8129031http://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/client_search.client_lookup?pCLIENT_NO=8129031

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Fixed Wireless Microwave Transit

Source: NBN Co


Fixed Wireless Aggregation

The three sectors of an eNodeB (maximum of 180 end users) typically

provide an aggregated CIR throughout of approximately 100 Mbps. This

determines the Microwave Transport backhaul capacity required.

The maximum bandwidth planned for the Microwave Hub Site back to a FAN

site is 900Mbps, allowing for the aggregation of up to 8 eNodeBs, with a

maximum of 1440 end users.

Source: NBN Co


8/9/2014


Fixed Wireless Serving Area

The largest WSA will have up to 24 WSAM connecting to

a FAN.


Fixed Wireless Access Aggregation Region

The third module is the Access Aggregation Region (AAR). The

wireless area served by a single POI is an AAR. The maximum

number of WSAs in an AAR is determined by the number of FANs

that connect back to the POI. For the purposes of wireless

dimensioning, the size of an AAR is based on the maximum number

of end users, rather than the maximum number of WSAs, with a

maximum of 25000 end users in an AAR.


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Satellite Block Diagram

Source: NBN Co


Satellite NTD

The ODU key components include: • Parabolic satellite terminal antenna

• Ka-Band VSAT transceiver

• Interface to the IDU

The IDU key components include: • 4 UNI-D ports,

• Layer 2 Ethernet Switch

• Embedded Transparent Performance Enhancing Proxy (TPEP) software client

• Interface to the ODU

A standard AC power supply is used to power the IDU and through that the ODU


8/9/2014


Satellites

NBN Co is building two, multi-spot beam, geostationary, "bent-pipe”, Ka-band,

telecommunications satellites for the Satellite Access Solution with the following

characteristics:

Two satellites to enable service redundancy and load balancing of users.

Multi-spot beam design on each satellite enabling 70Gbps forward path and

20Gbps return path system capacity to best support the regional and remote

Australian population and utilise the optimum broadband user experience from

the amount of RF spectrum available.


Satellite Spot Beams

Source: NBN Co


8/9/2014


Satellite RF Gateways

To achieve the optimum RFGW trunk link performance, the following design criteria are optimised:

• Maximum gateway to gateway geographical separation,

• Location of gateways away from projected user high density areas,

• Services available at gateway locations (highly reliable power, transit network connectivity,

ACMA TX and RX license approvals, Australian security agency approvals, etc)

• Gateway to User beam RF interference characteristics

• Frequency and polarity reuse strategy for gateway and user beams,

• the satellite’s antenna specifications and RF filter design capabilities, and

• the VSAT system’s advanced RF channel adaptive power management and modulation

schemes.


Spectrum and Orbital Slots

RFGW to Satellite Uplink 27.0 – 28.5 GHz

Satellite to VSAT Downlink 17.7 ‐18.2 GHz, 18.8 ‐19.3 GHz and 19.7 ‐ 20.2 GHz

VSAT to Satellite Uplink 28.5 – 29.1 GHz

Satellite to RFGW Downlink 18.2‐ 18.8 GHz

RF Auto Tracking Downlink 29.5 – 29.54 GHz

Uplink Power Control 19.3 – 19.35 GHz

Designed to operate at the orbital slots of 140 deg E and 145 deg E.


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Trends

Private operator licenses for spectrum are available

ABS: Aussies spend about 13 hours per week watching

Television

For a household with Netflix and a 4K Ultra HD TV a 500-

600 GB per month plan is recommended


Nielsen

What do we need

and when?


8/9/2014


HFC Trend

Utilise existing HFC

What happens after

DOCSIS 3.1?

Total upgrade cost is

unknown


Alternate Technologies


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Telco and Community Wi-Fi

NBN should include Wi-Fi, two ATA and 4 Data Ports in NTD

Source: Telstra


Mobile Cellular

2020 – 5G

But handsets will support UHD

Congestion still an issue, so Wi-Fi

data handoff is important.

Source: Bilodeau, JDSU


8/9/2014


Mobile Cellular Small Cells Macrocells using 700MHz out to 35km cell size – shared towers?

Small cells for high user numbers – size of cell depends on frequency and transmit power

pico (200m) femtocells (10-30m)

Installation Operator Customer

Transmission to

operators network Operator Customer

Frequency Centrally planned Locally determined

Site rental Operator Customer


Telstra RF Network

Significant national RF microwave

network

In some areas being decommissioned

Can this network be incorporated into

the NBN to provide additional 100

Mbps links for various local wireless

solutions?


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Self-Install Fibre

FTTdp provides options

Self-install fibre kits available for premises to pits

FTTdp supports G.Fast as an alternative


NBN related issues

Telstra – wholesale and retail – should Telstra be split?

Legislation and Regulation

Multi-Technology Mix (FTTP, FTTB, FTTdp, FTTN, HFC, Fixed Wireless, Satellite)

Construction

Backhaul charges

Universal service


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What went wrong?

Telstra was privatised as one entity – is this the greatest anti-competitive arrangement

in Australian history?

Labor had the right idea, but the wrong implementation

Threatened Telstra with no access to spectrum auction to get 2011 NBN agreement

and 2012 SSU and put in place government owned NBN Co.

Should have forced Telstra to own and operate NBN Co from the outset. NBN Co

would absorb the rest of Telstra wholesale as the SSU was implemented between

2010 and 2020. In 2020 NBN Co to be separated from Telstra retail in a two for one

share issue.


Teething problems and delays

1. Telstra agreement

2. Telstra Asbestos +

construction interaction

Source: NBN Co and Rod Tucker


8/9/2014


Caused this

At least a one year delay on initial

projections. But worse was to

come in early 2013 before the

rollout finally gathered steam just

in time for the September

election.

Source: NBN Co and Rod Tucker


Yet another delay

The second Telstra agreement caused another 18-24

month delay

And increased the cost of the project significantly over a

30 year life time


8/9/2014


Failed project?

On Aug 21 iiNet CEO Mr Buckingham said he was “furious”

about the national broadband network’s slow rollout and

delayed renegotiations with Telstra.

“NBN needs to get on with the rollout because we’re sick of

waiting. They really need to start unleashing the plan they

keep putting in front of us.”

Source: AFR Aug 21, 2014


Government Intervention

Knowing when it is time to intervene is an insight

Knowing how to intervene without making a situation

worse is a gift

1997 – 2015 and counting…


8/9/2014


Should the government build the NBN?

What do you think?

1. Political interference

2. Election cycle

3. Lack of vision + ideology

4. Failure to involve the community

5. Attacking government regulators to get their way


6. Must have a policy difference going into the next election

7. Failure to consult widely

8. Adopting a Yes Minister approach by hand-picking review and audit panels

9. Backloading costs to leave debt for incoming governments

10. Attacking anyone that does not agree with them

Should Telcos build the NBN

Yes.

1. Telstra SSU completed before 2015

2. Minimum three backhaul to 36 PoI

3. Rollout plan to 2025

4. FTTP, FTTdp, HFC, Wireless, Wi-Fi, Satellite


5. 2010 HFC regulated with

wholesale access

6. Agreed design with

Connection speeds, QoS, Traffic Class Management, capacity, congestion, utilisation < 70%

7. Telstra separated into two

companies in 2020

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Key Agreements and Regulation

2011 NBN Co Telstra agreement – infrastructure, construction?

2012 Telstra Structural Separation Undertaking - add this to the

recent structural separation regulation - level playing field?

2014 NBN Co Telstra agreement - technology?

Sell NBN Co to Telstra a soon as possible and force Telstra to

separate into two companies with a one to one share offer?

Is there the political will to do what the nation needs?


Multi-Technology Mix

Classic argument - overbuild versus incremental upgrade

Overbuild must have strong technical justification,

overwhelming RoI for operators and consumer support

Incremental upgrade is the safe traditional approach that

minimises risk and maximises RoI for vendors and

operators but can fall behind consumer expectations


8/9/2014


FTTP versus FTTN and HFC

In 2000 to 2005 FTTN was justified with a 10 year life – copper reaching end of life

By 2010 FTTN could not be justified as it would fall behind customer expectations well

before end of life

HFC remains a justifiable technology that can be replaced by FTTP over time as it becomes

due for rebuild.

Consumers demand change - FTTN and HFC are not justified if there is no QoS, traffic class

management and utilisation < 70%

2012 NBN Co network design rules released.

Post Sept. 2013 NBN Co has failed to release updated network design rules.


Dump FTTN/VDSL2

Use FTTdp

self-install fibre from premises to pit

G.Fast/Vectoring

Other technologies

But really just get on with FTTP in non-HFC areas


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Construction

Classic argument. Create one subsidiary construction

company for the rollout or outsource.

NBN Co managing construction directly in Northern Territory

Construction is not meeting targets everywhere

There does not appear to be sufficient construction teams to

meet targets – why?


Construction approach

On-demand connection led to significant problems when

copper access network was turned off

Must connect premises immediately after fibre passes

premises

Can the community help with building to street

connection?


8/9/2014


Backhaul

Not part of NBN Co’s mandate

If two backhaul providers it is regulated by ACCC

If three backhaul providers it is not regulated



Version date: June 2012

Change the blue cells to generate price

output in the green cell

Route category Route between Tasmania and mainland

Data rate (Mbps) 500

Protected Yes

Distance (km) 600

Output ($) 629,563$

U se o f t his calculat o r

This calculator does not replace the Price Terms set out in Schedule 1 of the DTCS FAD and is intended to be a guide only.

The Explanatory Statement to the DTCS FAD explains the ACCC’s decision on the Price Terms.

Valid ranges for data rate are between 2 and 1000 M bps.

Valid distances are greater than 0 km and up to 4000 km. Distance is measured based on the point to point radial distance of the ent ire service.

All tail end routes are forced to equal 2 km and are not protected.

Routes that traverse the Bass Strait must be greater than the not ional length of the under-sea cable (300 km) to generate output.

A protected service includes geographic path diversity for the interexchange component of the service only.

Output is the regulated annual price (ex-GST) for the service specif ied in the blue cells.

DTCS FAD Pricing calculator

8/9/2014






Route category Regional


Protected Yes

Distance (km) 600

Output ($) 466,875$















Route category Route to or from Darwin


Protected Yes

Distance (km) 4000

Output ($) 681,018$











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Route category Regional


Protected Yes

Distance (km) 4000

Output ($) 681,018$












Source: Delimiter

8/9/2014


Should Backhaul Costs be Equalised?


Backhaul to Tasmania costs about 40% more than backhaul to

other state and territory capitals

Backhaul costs increase as you move away from Sydney

How to fix this?

Increase backhaul competition

Update the Universal Service Obligation

Universal Service Obligation

Telecommunications is an essential service

The Universal Service Obligation should be updated to include

wholesale data and backhaul

• Wi-Fi infrastructure

• Telstra’s national RF network

Government announces review at ACCAN USO Forum in March

2015


Outline - Telsoc · 4/28/2015 · Mobile Cellular Small Cells Macrocells using 700MHz out to 35km...

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