Outline Earth from the perspective of Space Some basic science behind climate and global warming...
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![Page 1: Outline Earth from the perspective of Space Some basic science behind climate and global warming Effects of changing climate that we’re seeing now Effects.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1b177f8b9ab0599921f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Outline• Earth from the perspective of Space
• Some basic science behind climate and global warming
• Effects of changing climate that we’re seeing now
• Effects to expect in the future
• Importance of embracing solutions now
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Earth’s AirEarth’s Air• Nearly all of our air
(99%) is made of oxygen (O2) and
nitrogen (N2).
• Each of these molecules is made
of two atoms: N N
O O
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Earth’s Air (<1%)Earth’s Air (<1%)• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
and water vapor (H2O) are different!
• They have more atoms, so more ways to vibrate
• …So, they are very good at absorbing and
emitting infrared (heat) radiation
Molecules that have many ways to wiggle are called “Greenhouse” molecules
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CO2 is increasing…
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Where Has CO2 Come From?
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But….How Much CO2 Was There in the Past?
We know fromStudying ice cores
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CO2 over 400,000 years
370 ppm in 2000
Vostok (400k yr) Ice Core data (Petit et al, 1999)
180
230
280
330
380
-400000 -300000 -200000 -100000 0year
CO2
388 ppm in 2008
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CO2 & Temperature
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“Recent” Temperatures
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The Impacts• Surface temperatures increasing• Glaciers, ice sheets, sea ice shrinking• Dry areas drier; wet areas wetter• Storms more intense• Ocean temperature increasing• Sea Level rising• Ocean more acidic• Ecosystems, agriculture affected
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The Future…• As world warms, changes (to ecosystems, coastlines, weather,
agriculture) will continue
• Our Challenge: control & reduce the emission of CO2
• No Magic Bullet
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“Scientists are necessary,
but not sufficient to solve the
climate problem”
Dr. Ralph Cicerone, President of the National Academy of Science, November 2007
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Billions of Tons Carbon Emitted per Year
Historical emissions
0
8
16
1950 2000 2050 2100
Historical EmissionsHistorical Emissions
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1.6
Interim Goal
Billions of Tons Carbon Emitted per Year
Current p
ath
Historical emissions Flat path
Stabilization Triangle
0
8
16
1950 2000 2050 2100
The “Stabilization The “Stabilization Triangle”Triangle”
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1.6
Billions of Tons Carbon Emitted per Year
Current p
ath
Historical emissions Flat path
0
8
16
1950 2000 2050 2100
Goal: In 50 years, sameemissions as today
““Stabilization Wedges”Stabilization Wedges”
Wedges
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Energy Efficiency & Conservation
CO2 Capture & Storage
Stabilization Triangle
Renewable Fuels& Electricity
Store in Forests, Soils
Fuel Switching
Nuclear Energy
2007 20578 GtC/y
16 GtC/y
TriangleStabilization
Possible Wedges (no magic Possible Wedges (no magic bullet)bullet)
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www.SallyRideScience.com
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