Outline Basis for Philippine History

7/25/2019 Outline Basis for Philippine History

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Test 1: (Objective) Please encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. It is an archipelago consisted of more than 7000 islands and islets. Philippines

!. The largest Island is Luzonfollo"ed b# $indanao and %isa#as.

&. There are big ranges comprising the mo'ntain s#stems thro'gho't the archipelago namel#

. The virgin forests cover some 40, 000 square miles* "hich prod'ce vario's +inds of timber

for e,port and import cons'mption.

-. The Philippine hard woods: arra* /pitong* 'ijo etc.

. The Philippines also has medicinal plantsli+e herbs* nipa* palms etc.

7. The national tree of Philippines Narra tree "ith scientific name pterocarpus indicus

2. The Philippines is comprised "ith bodies of "ater "hich "ill manifest "ith its "ide Fish and

Marine Resources

3. The smallest fish in the "orld is said to be fo'nd in Lake Buhi amarines !ur.

(10.) 4ocall# +no"n as ta"#as.

11. T'rtle Island is fo'nd in !ulu !ea is the breeding gro'nd for big t'rtles meats and eggs are

go'rmets favorite.

1!. 5eneath the "aters of Palawan and !ulu are $ound thepearl beds.

(1&.) 6orlds largest nat'ral pearl is called %Pearl o$ &llah'( fo'nd in Palawanb# a Muslim

)i*er

1. Mineral )eposits: old* copper* silver etc.

1-. +#phoonis a nat'ral phenomenon ca'sed b# a geographical position of the Philippines*

characteri8ed b# strong g'st# "inds and enormo's rainfall.

1. arthquakes is a nat'ral phenomenon res'lting from the movement of a part of the 9arths

s'rface d'e to the fa'lting roc+s.

(17.) The most frightf'l and tragic earth'a+e in $anila and its s'b'rbs happened on -une ,

/1.

(12.) The most destr'ctive earth'a+e that occ'rred in the Philippines "as on &u2ust /3, /31.

13. 5olcanoesare vents in the earths cr'st thro'gh "hich lava steam and ashes are e,pelled.

(!0.) There are aro'nd 60 *olcanoes in the Philippines* majorit# of "hich is inactive.

(!1.) The most famo's is the Ma#on 5olcano a+a ;the perfect cone< fo'nd in the 5icol =egion

(!!.) / jo# to behold beca'se of its majestic and serene bea't#* b't it has a grim* horrible and

tragic histor#. Ma#on 5olcano

(!&.) $a#on has recorded er'ptions of times from /1/1 to 700/ ca'sing death and destr'ction

of propert#.


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(!.) The most frightf'l catacl#smic er'ption of $t $a#on "as on Fe"ruar# /, //4, str'c+ and

destro#ed the to"n ofa2sawa and b'ried h'ndreds of people. Onl# the"el$r# of the b'ried

to"n remains above the gro'nd* a m'te "itness to the frightf'l traged#.

!-. The famo's volcano "hich is delight to man# to'rists and artists are the tin# volcano in +aal

Lake in Batan2as Pro*ince.

!. Mount Pinatu"o sits in the center of the >ambales =ange in ?entral 4'8on.

(!7.) /fter the $t Pinat'bos er'ption in //* Philvolcs said it "o'ld ta+e appro,imatel# /0 to

/6 #ears for the rains to "ash o't the nearl# 6 "illionc'bic meters of p#roclastic $lowmaterials.

!2. !ilica is the particles in volcanic er'ption that might ca'se silicosis* a disease "itho't an#

c're #et.

!3. Lahar is a res'lt of volcanic er'ption.

&0. Other volcanoes in the Philippinesare /po* 5anaha"* 5'l'san in @orsogon* Aanlaon in

egros Occcidental* Bibo+hibo+ in ?amig'in Island and ?ala#o in $indanao

&1. Faunaare the animals of certain region.

(&!.) /lmost all +inds of specie e,ists in the Philippines e,cept the: Aangaroo of /'stralia* the

polar bear of the arctic region* the camel of the middle east* and moose of ?anada.

(&&.) There are 'ni'e animals fo'nd in the Philippines. These are: tamaraw(b'bal's

mindorensis) in $indoro the tarsier(sem's tarsi's) the smallest monke#in the "orld the

mouse8deer(trag'lidae) ver# small deer li+e fo'nd in 5alabac Island "hich is the "orldssmallest deer

(&.) There are almost 71, 000 species o$ insectsin the archipelago and the largest is the giant

moth (attac's atlas).

(&-.) There are vario's +inds of birds in the Philippines: +ala"* peacoc+ (pavo cristal's)* the

ha"+ (accipitridae) and +ingfisher (megacer#le alc#on)

&. Flora is the vario's plants of partic'lar region that e,ists all #ear ro'nd of a certain co'ntr#.

(&7.) !ampa2uita is the Philippine national flo"er. (&2.) )ama de Noche (0.) )ona &urora91.) cadena de amor

(!.) The waling-walingis the 'een of the orchids "orld* onl# fo'nd in $indanao.

(&.) Taste li+e heaven* smells li+e hell. C )urianfr'it in Davao

. The science in c'ltivating land in the raising of crops. C &2riculture

(-.) The Eilipino people is a mi,t're of different races b't basicall# the# are $ala#.

(.) The intermarriage bet"een Eilipino evolve to the class +no"n as mestizo

(7.) Mestizorefers to origin and nationalit# of parents.

(2.) $ajorit# of the Eilipinos are the Tagalogs.

3. Filipino traitsare characteri8ed b# traits li+e hospitalit#*pakikisama* close famil# ties*

respect for elderl#* lo#alt# and fatalistic attit'de.


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-1.Pakikisama is a Eilipino trait "hich ma# be translated as manifestation of camaraderie and

good faith.

-!. lose Famil# +ies e,hibits gen'ine and deep love for the famil#.

(-&.) The mother is the ho'se+eeper* ed'cator* la'ndr# "oman and coo+. The $ather is the headand bread"inner of the famil#.

-.Respect for the elders e,hibit respect to sho" consideration for elders.

--. Lo#alt# is one trait of Eilipinos that e,emplifies faithf'lness to commitments on matters

relating to personal relationships.

/rticle: The concept of lo#alt# to a friend as a dimension of concern* e,plicitl# e,plains

"h# man# Eilipinos remain aloof from the Fnited @tates beca'se of the tho'ght of not receiving

eno'gh aid d'e to them* d'ring the 6orld 6ar II the /merican and the Eilipino soldiers fo'ght

valiantl# against the enemies in the name of democrac# and freedom. Eor the Eilipinos* it is'nthin+able that the Fnited @tates sho"ed not val'e s'ch friendship* +no"ing that the# stood b#

her side d'ring the dar+est ho'r. On the other hand* the relationship "ith /mericans is b'siness

li+e and impersonal and "ill not allo" sentimentalism and s#mpathetic feeling to be an obstacle

of the f'lfillment of their objective. Bence mis'nderstanding of the concept of lo#alt# still e,ists.

-. !uperstition is an irrational set of beliefs of the omino's significance of a partic'lar thing or

circ'mstances and phenomenon. ;The Eilipinos believe that faith can move mo'ntainonder o$ the >orld.

10!. The $a#on %olcano in /lba# Province* ;the perfect cone< and its majestic bea't# is indeed

a scenic spot to behold. The small Taal %olcano in 4a+e Taal* in 5atangas* fascinates local and

foreign to'rists. Other scenic bea't# and "onders in the Philippines that delight to'rists*

e,c'rsionists and travelers are the most famo's Pagsanjan Ealls* the legendar# $o'nt 5anaha"

in 4ag'na* the a"esome chocolate hills in 5ohol* the historical $ontalban ?aves of =isal* the

Ti"i hot springs of /lba#* the fascinating 5each of 5oraca#* the serene 4a+e of @orsogon and the

magnificent $aria ?hristina Ealls in $indanao. The bea'tif'l s'nset of $anila ba# delights the

poet and artists and promenaders at the 4'neta and the long stretch of =o,as 5o'levard* $anila.

Before the Discovery of the Philippines

10&. Ferdinand Ma2ellan arrived in the archipelago arrived in the archipelago in /67/, "hich

"as latercalled the Philippines* it "as practicall# 'n+no"n to historians. It "as onl# thro'gh

10. /rcheological records and e,tensive researchers in ancient narratives* fact'al or imagined

and others stories "ritten b# ?hinese chronicles and $'slim @cholars bear "itness that the

Philippines had earl# relations alread# with her nei2h"ors. In effect* these records are

elo'ent mani$estations o$ the e:istence o$ the ci*ilization* "hich are indications of o'r

Oriental character.

There are not eno'gh evidences "ith the basis of the Philippines origin inspite of

e,tensive researches. 6hat the geologists perhaps did "as to resort to a theor# that d'ring the

Pleistocene Period characteri8ed b# "idespread glacial ice*the "aters aro'nd "hat is no"

Philippines fell several feet belo" the present elevation. ?onse'entl#* a bo'ndless area of land

la# open and formed some +ind of land bridges connecting the archipelago "ith /sia.

10-. The discover# of s+'llcap of a man in Tabon ?ave in 4ip'an Point Pala"an in 13! is aproof that man e,isted in the Philippines several cent'ries ago.

10. 5# inference the primitive man came to the archipelago b# the "a# of land bridges "ith his

prehistoric c'lt're.


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107. This man is described to be stoc+# and had st'rd# m'scles and have thic+ hair* lived in

caves "ith bar+ or leaves of trees joined together as their clothing* and s'rvive on fr'its and

other ra" food.

102. In as m'ch as no fossil remains regarding the activities of the ancient men o$ 2reat a2e*

inferentiall#* this leads to the concl'sion that he vanished "itho't leaving an# trace.

103. The inhabitants of the archipelago* after the disappearance of the ancient man* abo't &0*000

#ears ago. The ne2ritos $rom Borneoas the land of origins came to the Philippines 'sing

Pala"an and $indoro as point of entr# b# "a# of "al+ing on land bridges. @everal cent'ries

after their arrival* the h'ge glaciers of ice of the "orld melted and raised the sea levels and

s'bmerged the land bridges* c'tting off the archipelago from the /sian mainland.

110. The negritos are small people belo" five feet tall in height* "ith dar+ s+in* blac+ +in+#

hair* blac+ e#es and flat noses* the# 'sed bo" and arro" "hen h'nting and fishing. The#

"andered in the forests gathering "ild fr'its and root crops and lived in ho'ses made of branchesof trees. Their clothing is made of bar+ of trees and leaves tied together. These primitive people

have c'lt're that belonged to the Paleolithic Period. The# made fire b# r'bbing t"o dr# bamboo

stic+s together to give them "armth and light at night. The ne2ritos"ere the first inhabitants in

the archipelago.

111. The Mala#sians. /fter the s'bmersion of land bridges another gro'p of people came to the

archipelago b# ships that "ere c'lt'rall# advanced. The# "ere tall in height* light s+inned and

have long faces and originated from Indo?hina and landed in 4'son. Their ho'ses "ere b'ilt

"ith "ooda dn covered "ith grass. The# practiced dr# agric'lt're and prod'ced 'pland rice*

gabi* #ams and other root crops. Their clothing "ere made of beaten tree bar+s and decorated"ith vario's printed decorative designs. The# s'rvived b# "a# of h'nting and gathering of fr'its.

Their implements "ere of polished stone a,es.

11!. In the co'rse of time* another migrator# "ave came into the archiepelago. The# practice the

primitive form of agric'lt're +no"n as ;kainging. The# are stoc+# and dar+ comple,ioned "ith

thic+ lips and big noses and are classified b# the anthropologist to belong to the Neolithic

Period.

11&. 5# ded'ction the /pa#aos* 5onto+s* adangs* Aalingas* Igorots* Ilongots* and the

Ting'ians of 4'son* the Tagban'as and 5ata+s of Pala"an* the 5agobos* the 5ilaans* the

$anobos and the Tir'ra#s of $indanao are of Indonesian descent.

11. It ma# be inferred that the last of the prehistoric immigrants "here the $ala#s "ho came b#

"a# of sail boats moved b# "ind thro'gh the direction of Pala"an and $indoro* and other gro'p

into %isa#as and $indoro thro'gh the ?elebes @ea. The c'lt're and the "a# of life of this gro'p

incl'des irrigated agric'lt're* the smelting and the man'fact're of tools* 'tensils* "eapons and

vario's ornaments of iron and metals* the man'fact're of cla# and potter#* art of "eaving and the

man'fact're if of je"elr# and other adornments made of shells* flo"ers* leaves and pl'mage*

metal soon became part of the materials 'sed and it became possible to "or+ "ith more

challenging materials s'ch as gold and semiprecio's stones. Their ho'ses are made of "ood and

bamboo and palm leaves for the roof and raised above the gro'nd. The carabaos "ere 'sed in the

farm activities. The# raised vario's crops and other agric'lt'ral prod'cts and planted fr'it

bearing tree.

11-. /nother gro'p of $ala# migration arrived at the earl# part of the 1& thcent'r#.


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(11.) These people "ere 'ite advanced from other migrants beca'se the# had alread# an

alphabet and s#llabar# fo'nd in cla# pot discovered in ?alatagan grave. These "ere the ?hristian

Eilipinos from "hom the Tagalogs* Ilo+anos* 5icolanos* Aapangpangans descended.

(117.) The last gro'p of $ala# migrants "ho settled in the archipelago from the1th cent'r# to

the 1 th cent'r# constit'ted the $'slim $ala#s "ho introd'ced the Islamic =eligion in$indanao.

112. The Bornean )atu is headed b# Dat' P'ti.

113. The $ala# settlement at Pana# is told in the Ma2ratas, an epic abo't the ten dat's* headed

b# Dat' P'ti.

1!0. /t abo't the 1&th cent'r#* 5orneo "as at a state of agitation beca'se @'ltan $a+at'na" "as

arbitraril# treating his s'bjects so* these ten chieftains decided to leave for an 'n+no"n

destination in search for freedom.

1!1. 6ith them "ere the families "ho sailed "itho't an# definite destination. /fter a fe" da#s of

sailing* these 5ornean chieftains reached Pana#

9,erps +he Le2end o$ Mara2tas@ +he +en Bornean )atus and the Purchase o$ Pana#

Although the Dinagyang esti!al "ocuses on the #anto Ni$o, Ati%Atihan traces its roots to the

barter or purchase o" Panay &sland by the '( Bornean datus "rom Ati )ing *arikudo during the

"irst hal" o" the '+th entury in #inugbuhan, #an -oauin in southern &loilo.

&n/ustice, tyranny, and cruelty dro!e the ten datus o" Borneo to "lee "rom their countryescaping

the oppressi!e rule o" the despotic #ultan *akatunao. 0hey silently and secretly boarded theirbinidays 1boats2 and sailed along the coasts o" Paragua 1Pala3an2. &n the course o" their

north3ard /ourney, they sighted the island o" Panay and steered their boats to3ards it until they

reached the mouth o" #ir3agan 4i!er north o" the hamlet o" #inugbuhan 3hich 3as the abode o"

)ing *arikudo. 0here they sa3 an Ati "ishing in the creek "rom 3hom they learned about

*arikudo, his kingdom and his people.

0he Borneans gained audience 3ith *arikudo, 3ho "irst acted 3ith caution and restraint ha!ing

had undesirable e5periences 3ith *oro pirates. Datu Puti, ho3e!er, e5pressed his desire to

be"riend the nati!es and their intention to settle in the land permanently, possibly at the site o"

*arikudo6s settlement.

0he o""er interested *arikudo 3ho gathered his men to discuss the terms o" the o""er and ordered

them to prepare a "east. 7hen e!erything 3as ready, a banuet 3as held in 3hich the Borneans

and the nati!es danced their sinulog and displayed their dinapay to the accompaniment o"

their lantoy and tipano made o" light bamboo. 0hey beat their drums and played on their

mangmang, gurong%gurong and subling. &n return, the Negritos danced their urokoy

and their undok%undok.

7hen the "east 3as o!er, *arikudo6s elders and the ten datus sat do3n to discuss the terms o" the

purchase. 0he "amous barter 3as then held at 8mbidayan at the seashore near the mouth o" the#inugbuhan 4i!er, in the neighborhood o" 3hat is no3 the 0iolas%Dao inter%pro!incial road.

0he ne3 settlers mo!ed in three days a"ter the barter, 3ith the e5ception o" Datu Paiburong and

his 3i"e and "ollo3ers, 3ho settled separately in a place no3 called 9ang in Due$as, &loilo.
http://dinagyangsailoilo.com/about-dinagyang/the-legend-of-maragtas-the-ten-bornean-datus-and-the-purchase-of-panay/http://dinagyangsailoilo.com/about-dinagyang/the-legend-of-maragtas-the-ten-bornean-datus-and-the-purchase-of-panay/


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rom #inugbuhan, the datus spread out to di""erent places o" *adia%as, the %name they

substituted "or Aninipay 1Panay2. 0o Datu #umak3el 3as assigned :amtik 1Antiue2; Datu

Bangkaya, Aklan; and Datu Paiburong , &rong%&rong 1&loilo2. Datu Puti returned to Borneo and

"ought Datu *akatunao.

*arikudo6s territory costs one golden saduk, a sort o" helmet or broad%rimmed hat 3hichgi!es protection to the "ace "rom sun and rain; and one golden necklace 3hich *arikudo6s 3i"e

*ani3anti3an pre"erred o!er the gold basin Datu Puti "irst o""ered. 0here are contentions,

ho3e!er, that the price 3as not a golden saduk but rather a saduk "ull o" gold. ollo3ers o"

this point o" !ie3 say that it 3as rather impractical "or the Borneans to be 3earing a golden hat

3hich 3as hea!y.

9,cerpts from: http:dinag#angsailoilo.comabo'tdinag#angthelegendofmaragtasthetenborneandat'sandthep'rchaseofpana#

(1!!.) Pana# at that time r'led b# dat' Marikudo and his "ife Maniwantiwan. D/t' P'ti

ass'res $ari+'do that their intentions "ere peacef'l and all the# "anted "as to p'rchase land"here he and his men and their families co'ld settle. /fter cons'lting "ith his elders* $ari+'do

sold his land to the ne" settlers.

(1!&.) $ari+'dos land "as p'rchased "ith ridic'lo'sl# lo" val'e C a 2old salakot and a 2old

necklacefor $ani"anti"an* $ari+'dos "ife.

1!. Banti+ C old name of /nti'e 'nder Dat' @'ma+"el

1!-. Irongirong C old name of Iloilo 'nder Dat' Palib'rong and /+lan no" /+lan and ?api8

'nder Dat' 5ang+a#a.

1!. ;on$ederation o$ Mad#aas'


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1&-. The Eilipino literat're and fol+lore* e.g. Darangan a $aranao epic* the =ama#ana and

$ahabharata are Bind' epics and other tales and fables "ith "hich ancient Eilipinos entertained

their children fo'nd their "a# to Eilipino c'lt're.

1&. $an# Indian infl'ences are sho"n in decorative art and metal "or+.

1&7. The "oat8lute* a stringed m'sical instr'ment "hich is still 'sed in $'slim comm'nities is

of =indu ori2in.

1&2. The veil and cord placed on the bride and groom d'ring the "edding ceremon# in the

Philippines apparentl# are Bind' infl'ences.

1&3. Inferentiall# abo't - H of the Eilipino blood is Indian. This is the reason "h# the Eilipinos

are capable of end'ring pain and possess fatalistic o'tloo+ in life.

10. +he cultural in$luences o$ hina.C The ?hines infl'ences on Eilipino life is reflected on

Philippine lang'age partic'larl# in Tagalog mode of dressing* certain c'stoms on marriages*respect for elders and adoption of ?hinese s'rnames of man# Eilipino families.

(11.) /n e,amination of some Philippine lang'ages* partic'larl# in Tagalog* sho"s that the#

have their ?hinese origin

hinese +a

2alo2

/mpa' /mpa'

5ih'n 5ihon

5i+oe 5i+o

Bebi Bibi

In+ong Ing+ong$ani $ani

mi+i $i+i

Pansit pansit

(1!.) Erom the ?hinese* "e learned the 'se of Eilipino shirts "ith ?hinese collar* sleeved

jac+ets* loose tro'sers and ?heongsam st#le for "omen.

(1&.) The marriage arrangement for children* the process of emplo#ing a gobet"een in martial

negotiations.

(1.) The "earing of "hite shirt and dress d'ring the "a+e and f'neral processions.

(1-.) The Eilipinos also learned the 'se of 'mbrellas* porcelain* gongs* the man'fact're of

firecrac+ers* g'n po"der* mining methods and metall'rg#.

(1.) Food preparationli+e pansit* siopao and mami.

(17.) It "as concl'ded that as earl# as thcentur#* Philippines and ?hina alread# has trade

relations "ith c'lt'ral infl'ences and material artifacts.

(12.) D'ring the !un2 )#nast# 9108//73,?hinese good began to flo" into the Philippines.

13. +he ;ntroduction o$ ;slam.C ;slam is the religio's faith of the $'slims* as set forth in the

Coran, "hich teaches that &llah is the onl# Aodand that Muhammad is his prophet.

(1-0.) The spread of Islam in the archipelago "as bro'ght abo't b# the ?hines traders*

missionaries and teachers "ho introd'ced their religio's beliefs among the natives.


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(1-1.) 1stMukdum, a noted &ra"ian scholar and missionar#* "as primaril# responsible in

introd'cing Islam.

(1-!.) !ndRaDah Ba2inda, $'slim $ala# prince* from @'matra.

(1-&.) &

rd

&"u Bakr* Other $'slim $issionar#.

(1-.) /b' 5a+r and Paramis'li (da'ghter of =ajah 5aginda) got marriedafter /b' 5a+rs

arrival in!ulu.

(1--.) /fter =ajah 5agindas death* /b' 5a+r e,ercised his po"er as s'ltan and fo'nded the

s'ltanate of @'l'. The spread of Islam in all parts of @'l' "as rapid and* as a res'lt* the natives

"ere converted.

hapter 7@ Pre8!panish i*ilization

1. 4ong before the @panish came to the Philippines* o'rforfathers alread# have their o"n

civili8ation and "ere living in a "ell organ0ed indeoendent villages called barangays.

!. Eilipinos "ere sea farers b# nat're the# "ere ma+ing boats for ind'str# and 'sed it as their

means to travel from places "ithin the archipelago.

&. Bence* the "ord "aran2a# is derived from the $ala# "ord "alan2a# "hich means sailboat.

. There "ere man# baranga#s d'ring the prespanish period. @ome do have big land areas and

pop'lation. /mong them are: $a#nilad ($anila)* @'gb' (?eb')* and $a+tan ($actan).

-. The "aran2a#"as the 'nit of government* consisted of 0 to /00 $amilies. It "as r'led b# a

)atu8 chief e,ec'tive* legislator*j'dge and s'preme commander in time of "ar.

. The position of Dat' "as obtained thro'gh s'ccession.

7. In the event that there is no son to "e a successor* the position "ill be handed to a mem"er

o$ "ran2a# "ho commanded respect, wealth, intelli2ence and stren2th. CThe present form of

government on the Philippines.

2. The con$ederation o$ Mad#a8as, formed b# the 5ornean Dat's "as one of the oldest

confederation

(3.) The confederation "hich "as composed of the settlements of Banti+ (/nti'e)* /+lan and

Irongirong (Iloilo)* "as 'nder the overall r'le of )atu !umakwel.

(10.) )atu !umakwel"as considered the wisest and oldest datu o$ ancient Pana#.

11. The rulers o$ "i22er "aran2a#sass'med the title ofRa$ah or %akan.

1!. The primar# reason in forming baranga# "as beca'se of mutual protection a2ainst enemies

and the su"sequent marria2e o$ la+an (prince) and la+ambini (princess) "hich event'all# led to

the 'nification of different baranga#s.

1&. Friendship "ith each other "as 's'all# sealed b# traditional ceremon# called the blood

compact also +no"n as sandu2o 9one "lood( isan2 du2o and both parties anchored on m't'al

respect and alliance.

1. The process of sand'go 5oth parties "ill dre" blood from their arms and mi,ed the blood

"ith "ine and dran+ from the same c'p.


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1-. The primar# d't# of the dat' "as to r'le and govern his people and 'ltimatel# to promote

their "elfare and interests. The s'bjects(commoners) "ere lo#al to their chieftain d'rings "ars

and vo#ages. The# also helped him in c'ltivating the land* harvesting the crops and the

constr'ction of his ho'se. The# paid their ta,es and other obligations to the chieftain in the form

of crops or form of services.

1. Laws?this is made for the common good and the "elfare of the "hole baranga#.

17. The Eilipinos had la"s that "ere "oth oral and written( (12.) The oral la"s C is he

c'stomar# b'lf of la"s that "ere handed do"n orall# from generation to generation. On the other

hand* the "ritten la"s "ere "ritten and prom'lgated b# the chieftain and the elders from time

to time "hen the necessit# arose and (13.) anno'nced p'blicl# b# "malahokan.

!0. These ancient "ritten la"s "ere embodied in the ode o$ Calanti#aw, "as "ritten b# Dat'

Aalanti#a" the &rdchief of Pana# in the #ear 1&&.

!1. The ?ode of Aalanti#a" is consisted of / orders.

!!. The Laws "hich "ere formall# recogni8ed as binding and "ere reinforced b# sanction. /

n'mber of la"s are fo'nd in the modern legal codes persons and famil# relations legal

separation and divorse* obligations and contracts* propert# rights* inheritance* loans and crimes.

!&. Fnder the ?ode of Aalanti#a"* ins'lt* m'rder* arson* rape and incest* trespassing "itchcraft

and sacrilegio's acts "ere p'nishable b# death or b# slaver# or heav# fine. On the other hand

minor crimes cheating in b'siness transactions* ad'lter#* perj'r#* theft* and dist'rbing peace of

the night b# singing "ere p'nished b# e,pos're to the ants* b# flogging* b# c'tting the fingers of

one hand and b# s"imming contin'o'sl# for long ho'rs.

!. The vario's p'nishments meted o't to g'ilt# persons ma# appear harsh and barbaro's to

contemporar# man* "ut the laws ha*e to "e applied. / la" "as a process "ith a p'rpose and

participated in mans actions and aspirations for a better societ#. Cimportance of la".

!-. /n#one "ho violated the la" "ill be: 1. arrested and bro'ght before the chieftain to be j'dge

according to merits of the case* and if fo'nd g'ilt#* !. The corresponding penalt# "as promptl#

imposed. This effect is in consonance that ;j'stice dela#ed is j'stice denied


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&0. PerDur#?"hich is the "illf'l 'tterance of a false statement 'nder oath before a co'rt* 'pon a

point of legal perj'r# "as inferentiall# rare in earl# trials. The baranga# co'rts decided cases in

favor of the litigants "ho presented s'fficient proofs and evidence and more "itnesses to prove

their cases. The chieftain* "ho acted as the j'dge and e,ec'tive* enforced his j'dgement b#

openl# declaring the "inner of the case and compelling the defeated part# to respect the

j'dgement of the baranga# co'rt.

&1. +rial "# Erdeal


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!. Burial < the earl# Eilipinos respect for the dead "as elo'entl# manifested I ta+ing good

care in b'r#ing their loved ones.

(&.) The corpse "as placed in a coffin made o't of tree bar+s and fibers "oven into mats and

"ere accompanied "ith receptacles of food and other belongings to accompan# the dead on his

jo'rne# to another "orld and b'ried near the ho'se on top of the hills overloo+ing the seas andthe valle#s.

(.) It ma# be interesting to note that there "ere "urial Dars e,cavated in +a"on ca*es were$ar

b"rialpractice in the Philippines 3as considered one o" the most intriguing sub/ects in the

Philippine culture.

-. D'ring b'rialKfamil# members "ore rattan bands aro'nd their arms* legs and nec+s 'sed

"hite garlands* and abstained from eating meats and drin+ing "ine. There "as m'ch "eeping

among the members of the famil# and friends.

(.) The mo'rning attire for men is "hite shirt and "omen "ore "hite s+irts.

(7.) The relatives "o'ld hire a professional mo'rners to sing a chant and contemplate the good

deeds and achievement of the dead.

3. / distinction of mo'rning: for dead man it "as called maglahi& for dead "oman is morotal&

and for dat' is larao.


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b# an#bod#.

On the other hand the rich and culti*ated lands"ere considered private propert#

for the dat's.

(-2.) Rice8 chief staple food of Eilipinos. Bo"ever* an# food ab'ndant to the geographical

location of the baranga# "as also ma,imi8ed b# ancient Eilipinos.

(-3.) Lum"erin2 and !hip Buildin2 flo'rished beca'se of the ab'ndance of hard"oods from

the thic+ virgin forest in the archipelago.

(0.) >ea*in2 "as a common home ind'str#. 6ith the 'se of "ooden looms to "eave te,tiles

and form fabric s'ch as sinama# from hemp small b'sh li+e plant.

(1.) Barter"as the most common mode to trade b# e,change of commoditiesKan evident

manifestation of the e,istence of domestic trade and commerce "ithin and o'tside the

archipelago.

(!.) coin8 a piece of gold or metal stamped and iss'ed b# the a'thorit# for 'se as mone# inb'siness transactions "ithin themselves or foreign traders. It "as 'sed d'ring the foreign trades

("ith ?hina* Gapan* 5orneo* @'matra* Gava* @iam (Thailand)* India).

(&.) ducation8 is both academic and vocational

(.) bothoan- school ho'se d'ring ancient Pana#* "as 'nder the charge of an old man in the

baranga#. @'bjects are reading* "riting and arithmetic The art of 'sing "eapons and l'b's

(ac'iring am'lets) to "ard off evil or to bring good fort'ne "ere prevalent. The $ather ta'ght

their children in h'nting* farming* fishing* mining* c'tting l'mbers* ship b'ilding and being a

"arrior. On the other hand* the mother trained her da'ghters in ho'sehold chores coo+ing*

se"ing* gardening and "eaving as "ell as se, h#giene and prepare them for motherhood.

-.%ang"ages there "ere more or less a h'ndred lang'ages and dialects that "ere spo+en.

4earning one Eilipino lang'age "as relativel# eas# since it originated from a common ling'istic

so'rce "hich is $ala#o Pol#nesian lang'age.

. Eather ?hirino concl'ded the the Tagalog lang'age have been the best "ith the fo'r 'alities

of the best lang'ages of the "orld and these are Bebre"* ree+* 4atin and Pol#nesian lang'age.

7. >ritin2?the earl# Eilipinos had their o"n s#stem of "riting fro Eather ?hirinos acco'nt*

almost all of the natives +ne" ho" to read and "rite.

(2.)(aybayin ancient alpha"et3hich 3as originated $rom &sokan alpha"et o$ ;ndia. 0he

alphabet has )* letters& )+ consonants and , owels. The# 'se a kni$epointto incise their script

to bamboo t'bes and bar+ of trees. The# m'st have "ritten $rom top to "ottom, le$t to ri2ht per

*ertical column, as "as practiced "# the +a2"anuasof Palawan and Man#ans o$ Mindoro.

3. Literature8 the ancient Eilipinos alread# had their o"n literat're stamped in histor# of o'r

rare and elo'entl# sho" o'r c'stoms* beliefs and traditions in ever#da# as evidenced in fol+

stories* ancient pla#s and short stories. O'r ancestors also had their o"n alphabet "hich "as

different from that bro'ght b# the @paniards.

(70) the /stalpha"et 'sed b# o'r forefathers "as similar to that of the $ala#oPol#nesian

alphabet. @ome records the o'r ancestors left "ere either b'rned and destro#ed b# the @panish

friars in the belief that the# "ere "or+s of devil or "ritten on materials that easi# perished li+e

dried leaves* the bar+ of trees and bamboo c#linders.


16/18

(71) Other records are $olk son2s that proved the e,istence of o'r o"n literat're. C it "as onl#

passed on b# the "ord of mo'th 'ntil the# reached the hands of some p'blishers and printers

"ho too+ interest in printing the man'script of the ancient Eilipinos.

7!. 4iterat're is both "ritten and oral* characteri8ed b# legends* fol+ tales* fol+ songs* epigrams*

riddles* chant epics* and proverbs. It "as made 'p of stories abo't life* advent're* love* horrorand h'mor. The help them improve their lives and appreciated the bea't# of the environment.

7&. pics"ere long narrative poems depicting the series of heroic achievements or events e.g.

Bidasari8 $oro epic* * $aragtas* %isa#an* A'mintang epic* )a2o# at !udsod8 Tagban"a 9pic*

Tat'ang* 5agobo epic* =udhud and &lim8 If'gao epic* ;ndarapatra and !ula#man8 "ere

famo's $'slim epic.

7. Bia2 ni Lam8an2 Ilocano epic "ritten b# Pedro 5'+anegK"as said to have been thro"n b#

his parents do"n the /bra river "hile still a bab# beca'se he "as blind* fort'natel# a "oman

fo'nd him and gave him to an /'g'stinian priest and "as christened Pedro 5'+aneg. Be "assent to school and became proficient in @panish and @amto# (Ilocano dialect)K+no"n as the

$ather o$ ;locano Literature.

36. Bia2 ni Lam8an2"as a short poem of advent're among Ilocanos. It "as first recorded in

the 17thcent'r# and "as believed to be as old as other e,isting Philippine epics.

7. =udhudKan If'gao fol+ epic that centered in the stor# of the feast and their hero /lig'#on.

;/lim< dealt "ith the lives of gods and goddesses /lis'na and Panbari* a mortal* and the orgigin

of Pana# and egros.

77. ;"alonKthis is a 5icol epic "hich told the stor# of Ibalon* a fertile and bea'tif'l land andho" in a time of disaster* it "as protected b# 5altog (its fo'nders)* Bandiong and 5antong* all

three s'perh'man heroes.

9arl# Eilipinos "as rich in m#ths and legends beca'se of o'r rit'alistic nat're and

beca'se of regional fol+lore e,plaining the beginning of life in its o"n dialect.

72. Music?the rit'alistic rh#thm accompan#ing an# choir performed in the dail# lives of the

people res'lted into song.

(73.) !trin2ed instruments

Cud#api8boatli+e stringed instr'ment "ith metal strings -ew harp8 made of bamboo* the

"am"oo *iolin8 "ith abaca strings 2an2sa8 the bamboo g'itar the 2it2it8 resembles a violin

and has a bod# and pegs made of "ood strings made of abacca or h'man hair and pla#ed "ith a

bo" of h'man hair the ku"lin2 9o$ )uma2ats8 a bamboo version of the ancient Ge"s harp

the kuti"en2 9o$ ;locos) a g'itar "ith five strings.

(20.) >ind ;nstruments

Ban2si 9o$ =anumuo8 a three stopped bamboo fl'te blo"n at the end and kalelen2 or

"alen2"alen2 9nose $lute8 so'nd is prod'ced b# "ind* blo"n thro'gh the nose Palenda28a lip

valle# fl'te, sanuha#8 a pipe "ith reed and s'ling( rin2 $lute8 'sed b# $'slims in $indanao.

(21) Percussion ;nstruments are the gansa* bangibang* gongs* ag'nd* +'lintang* and gabbang of

s'l' prod'ce tones of different pitches. Eor the earl# Eilipinos* m'sic performed a personal

f'nction for it "as a "a# of e,pressing their emotions.


17/18

(2!) #he bamboo organ of las pinas.fo'nd in the old catholic ch'rch of 4as Pinas and the

onl# or2an o$ its kind in the world and "uilt in // "# $ather )ie2o erra * recollect priest.

This m'sical instr'ment is a historic relic of the living glories of o'r m'sical art. Over the #ears*

it has s'rvived the ravages of "ars* t#phoons* earth'a+es and fires "hich have s"ept over o'r

land. This instr'ment reflects the Eilipino ingen'it# and love for m'sic.

2&. )ance?earl# Eilipinos "ere +no"n to be good dancers. Eamo's dances incl'des: balita"

and dandanso# kinotan 9;locano ants dance8 demonstration of a person being attac+ed b#

ants e,pressed in e,cited gest'res. kinnallo2on2 9;locano dance


18/18

$anda#as and the 5agobos of $indanao lived in s'ch ho'ses. On the other hand* the 5ajaos of

@'l' constr'cted their ho'ses in their boats and paraos.

27. !ocial !trati$ication?Philippine societ# "as a la#ered str'ct're sho"ing three classesKthe

nobes* the freemen* and the slaves. The nobles consisted of the dat's* their families and relatives.

The# "ielded tremendo's po"er and political priviledges in the baranga#. In the Tagalog regionthe# carried the tittle of at or 4a+an and occ'pied the highest position in the societ# and called

maharlika. The freemen "ere called timawas "ho "ere born free and former slaves "ho "ere

set free b# their masters* and composed of the middle class in the baranga#. Occ'p#ing the

lo"est strat'm "ere the dependents or slaves called alipin among the Tagalogs. @laver# in

societ# is ac'ired b# birth* b# captivit# in "ar* fail're to pa# debts and p'nishment of a crime

commited for "hich he "as sentenced. This ine'alities range from the distrib'tion of e,ercise

of po"er and stat's in societ#.

7 kinds o$ sla*es amon2 ta2alo2s?the aliping namamahay and aliping sagigilid. The

aliping namamahay has his o"n famil# and ho'se and served his masters d'ringplanting andharvesting seasons* ro"ed the boat for him and served his visitors. Be can marr# "itho't the

consent of his master and co'ld not be sold. On the other hand the aliping sagigilid had no

propert# of his o"n* lived "ith his master* and co'ld not even marr# "itho't the latters consent

and co'ld be sold an#time.

22. >omans Position8 women ha*e unique position in the societ#. Laws accordin2 to their

customs 2a*e ri2ht to "e equal with men. +he# could own and inherit propert#, en2a2e in

trade and industr# and succeeded to datu o$ a "aran2a# in the a"sence o$ a male heir and

had the e:clusi*e ri2hts to 2i*e name to their children.

23. +he Famil#?as the basic 'nit of the societ#* it "as closel# +nitted and strong. Eather as the

head of the famil# "o'ld provide the basic needs and his "ords is the la" inside the famil#. The

mother is assigned for selfdevelopment(social emotional* ph#sical and ed'cational)* mother is

the solel# a'thori8ed to name her children 'sing ph#sical strength and bea't#.

30. ;n"orn ourtes# and Politeness?removal of p'tong (t'rban) is a common practice for !

people of the same societal ran+. It is a manifestation of respect* co'rtes# and politeness. 6hen

someone is dealing "ith dat'* he sho'ld remove the p'tong and bo" do"n. Fsing po (e'ivalent

to sir) is also a sign of co'rtes#.

31. Marria2e ustoms?It "as possible for a "oman to marr# o'tside of her class and the

nobles to a slave. / mans legal name "as called asawa.?hildren from "edloc+ co'ld not inherit

properties. The pamamanhi+an came from the ancient practice of man "ho "o'ld li+e to get the

hand of someone he marr# sho'ld fetch "ater* chop "oods or serve the "omans famil#. Bi2a#8

ka#aKmatter of condition given b# the parents of the bride in the form of land or gold* "hilst

the groom sho'ld give a certain amo'nt of mone# to the mother of the bride in e,change of her

service to her da'ghter from girl to "omanhood. 6hen all arrangement "as done*pamamalae

"ill too+ place.

3!. !uccession and ;nheritance?On the la" of s'ccession it "as o'tlined as: 1stsonKif first

son died or leave "itho't an heirK!ndson "ill s'cceedK b't if there "as no ale heir* eldest

da'ghter "ill be the head of the baranga#.

On inheritance* the legitimate child "ill inherit all the properties or "ill be e'all#

divided in the presence of legitimate siblings* sometimes* parents might sho" little partialit# in

giving gold to the son or je"elr# to the da'ghter. If co'ples have no legitimate children* all

properties and lands "ill be handed to the nearest relatives.

Outline Basis for Philippine History

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