Outline
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Transcript of Outline
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A workshop on wild craftingor
a story about the Shaker’s inspired utility of nature and
Medicinal Herbalism, with a bit of contemporary herbal wisdom
added
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Outline
1. Early Shaker History : What were their resources?
2. Native and wild crafted vs. Introduced and cultivated: Does “wild” mean “native”?
3. How to Wild Craft: What, where, when and why?
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Age of Herbals1450- Considered the dawn of the “age of herbals”.1597- Gerard wrote “The General History of Plants”.1649- Nicolas Culpeper translated “The London Dispensary and Physical Directory” from Latin into English.1673- “University Medicine” in England became more scientific as physicians turned to apothecaries to powder and prepare their herbs.
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Colonial America• 1700’s- Europeans considered
Indians as “ignorant savages” except when it came to health and healing.
• 1770’s- American Ginseng sells for $5/lb ($150-$2,700/lb). Ginseng completely wiped out east of Appalachia.
• 1774- First Shaker community established in New York near Albany.
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A Colonist’s Garden
• Balm, Basil, Caraway, Chamomile, Comfrey, Dill, Fennel, Garlic, Hyssop, Lavender, Licorice, Marjoram, Mints, Mustards, Parsley, Rosemary, Rue, Savory, Saffron, Shallots, Sage, Tarragon and Thyme.
• Almost none of the above plants were native.
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American Medical Herbalism• 1787- first American Herbal published
by David Schopf.• 1828 – “Medical Flora” published by
Constantine Ralinesque.• 1830’s- Establishment of the first
Eclectic Medical Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio.
• 1831 – First Shaker Herb Catalogue• 1851- Ralinesque writes; the shakers
have “the best medicinal gardens in the US. They cultivate a great variety and sell them cheap, fresh and genuine.
• 1880-1900- Peak of Medical Herbalists with 8,000 practitioners.
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Scientific Herbalists vs. Medical Doctors
• 1910 - Flexner report (a survey to evaluate medical schools in the Us) condemns Homeopathic and Eclectic Medicine Schools.
• 1931 – “A Modern Herbal” published by Mrs. M. Grieve. Considered the first comprehensive encyclopedia of herbs to appear since the days of Culpeper.
• 1939 – Last of the Eclectic Medical Schools closes. Herbal medicines were replaced by pre-made pharmaceuticals. Eclectic medicine and Scientific Herbalism almost died… but not quite.
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Native vs. IntroducedWild crafting vs. cultivation
• The first Shaker Herb Catalogue (1831) listed 142 herbs, roots, barks and seeds.
• The catalogue grew to contain over 300 herbs (1830 to 1894) by diversifying their resources. Plants were wild crafted, cultivated or imported and then resold.
• Lesser known herbs were discontinued. Herbs most demanded by the medical profession were offered.
• At the peak of the herbal business, herbal production relied more on introduced and cultivated plants.
• Many of the native plants which were wild crafted and sold by the Shakers are now considered “at risk” by the United Plant Savers. www.unitedplantsavers.org
• American Ginseng, Arnica, Bloodroot, Goldenseal, Golden Thread, May Apple, Maiden Hair Fern, Pink Root, Pipsissewa, Spikenard, Slippery Elm, Partridgeberry, BethRoot, False Unicorn Root, Wild Yam, Turkey Corn and Wild Indigo.
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How to Wild Craft
• Get to know one plant at a time
• Know what, where, when, and how
• Don’t harvest a plant if there are less than 10 in the area
• Harvest with gratitude
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References
• Beale, Galen and Mary Rose Boswell 1991. The Earth Shall Blossom. The Countrymen Press, Vt.
• Castleman, Michael 2001. The New Healing Herbs. Bantam Books. NY.
• Erichsen-Brown, Charlotte 1989. Medicinal And Other Uses of North American Plants- A Historical survey with Special References to the Eastern Indian Tribes. Dover Publ., Inc. NY.
• Miller, Any Bess 1998. Shaker Medicinal Herbs. Storey Books, Vt.