Ownership (Arts. 427-439, NCC)

A. Definition.

B. Bundle of rights included in ownership (jus utendi, etc.).

C. Other specific rights found in the Civil Code.

1) Right to exclude. Doctrine of self-help.2) Right to enclose/fence.3) Right to just compensation (expropriation).4) Right to hidden treasure.5) Right to space and subsoil.6) Right to accession (discreta/continua).7) Right to recover ownership/possession.

a) For immovable property:i. Accion reivindicatoria.ii. Accion publiciana.iii. Forcible entry.iv. Unlawful detainer.v. Writ of possession.vi. Writ of injunction.

b) For movable property:i. Replevin.

• Hilario v Salvador; G.R. No. 160384. April 29, 2005.• Sampayang v CA; G.R. No. 156360; January 14, 2005.• Santos v Ayon; G.R. No. 137013; May 6, 2005.• Ganila v CA; G.R. No. 150755; June 28, 2005.• Ross Rica Sales Center v Sps Ong; G.R. No. 132197; August 16,

2005.• Peralta-Labrador v Bugarin; G.R. No. 165177; August 25, 2005.• Serina v Caballero; G.R. No. 127382; August 17, 2004.• Perez v Mendoza; G.R. No. L-22006; July 28, 1975.• Dizon v CA; G.R. No. 101929; January 6, 1993.• Alim v CA; G.R. No. 93213; August 9, 1991.

D. Limitations on Real Right of Ownership.

1) General limitations:• Police Power (Art. 436).• Taxation.• Eminent Domain (Art. 435 NCC).

2) Specific limitations:• Legal servitudes/easements.• By contract, stipulation, last will, donation.

3) Other limitations: Arts. 431(sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas), 432 (necessity), 637, 644, 649, 652, 670, 676-679, 684-687, 2191, 694-707 (nuisance).

• Churchill & Tait v Rafferty; G.R. No. L-10572 December 21, 1915.

• Taxicab Operators v Board of Transportation; G.R. No. L-59234; September 30, 1982.

• Republic v Castellvi; G.R. No. L-20620; August 15, 1974.

• City Govt of Quezon City v Ericta; G.R. No. L-34915; June 24, 1983.• Republic v PLDT; G.R. No. L-18841; January 27, 1969.• U.S. v Causby; 328 U.S. 256; May 27,1946.• Lunod v Meneses; G.R. No. 4223; August 19, 1908.

(to be continued)