• BY /

DR . KHALED ELWAN

Faculty Of Medicine , Alexandria University

Outbreak of Ebola

Introduction :

• Ebola was first discovered

in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

• Since then, outbreaks of

Ebola among humans have appeared sporadically in Africa.

1) Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo - DRC) :

This outbreak was the first recognition of the disease. 

Occurred in Yambuku and surrounding area.

• Reported number : 318

• Subtype : ebola virus

• Deaths : 280

THE FIRST OUTBREAK :

2) Sudan (South Sudan) : occurred  between June and November 1976

Occurred in Nzara , Maridi and the surrounding area.

• Reported number : 284

• Deaths : 153

• Subtype : Sudan virus

THE SECOND MAJOR OUTBREAK :

• Occurred in zaire  in 1995

•   Reported numbers : 315

• Deaths : 254 “80%”

ANOTHER OUTBREAKS OCCURRED FROM 1995-2012 :

2000-2001 :

• Uganda :

Occurred in Gulu, Masindi, and Mbarara districts of Uganda.

• Reported number : 425

• Deaths : 224

• Subtype : sudan virus

December 2002-April 2003 :

• Republic of the Congo :

Outbreak occurred in the districts of Mbomo and Kéllé in Cuvette Ouest Département. 

• Subtype : Ebola virus

• Reported number :143

• Deaths : 128

2007 :

• Democratic Republic of the Congo :

Outbreak occurred in Kasai Occidental Province.

• Subtype : Ebola virus

• Reported number : 264

• Deaths : 187 (71%)

THE THIRD “LARGEST” OUTBREAK :

West African outbreak :

GUINEA24531550

LIBERIA 78193346

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OUTSIDE AFRICA :

Spain :

On 6 October 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of the first confirmed case of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Spain.

This case represents the first human-to-human transmission of EVD outside Africa.

Cases first diagnosed in U.S.

4

Cases evacuated to U.S. from other countries

6

Total cases 10

Deaths 2

United States of America :

On 30 September 2014, the Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) was informed of the first confirmed imported case of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in the United States.

FACTS ON CURRENT OUTBREAK :

o Spain declared Ebola-free

o Cases levelling off in parts of Liberia

o Reduced case increase in Guinea

o Cases still increasing in Sierra Leone

o Transmission in Mali localised

References

• http://who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/

• http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/distribution-map.html

• http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/216288-overview

• http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-28755033