OUR UNIVERSE

(How we are much tinier and younger than we Earthlings think.)

THE BIG BANG

• About 14 billion years ago the entire universe was contained in a bubble that was smaller than a period.

• . (like this, and this is a screen period, a pencil period is even smaller)

• All the universal energy we have today was in that bubble.

THE BUBBLE EXPLODED!!!!!

• All that energy was unleashed & space, time, and matter were born.

ALL THAT ENERGY EXPANDED

• It is still expanding, just at a slower rate.

TIMELINE

• http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/universes/html/bang.html

• http://patrickgrant.com/BBTL.htm• http://www.pbs.org/deepspace/timeline/

OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

• Our solar system was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.• It includes our sun and the planets.• There used to be 9 planets, but the big scientists axed Pluto.

I’m not happy about that.

PLANET EARTH

• 4.6 billion years ago, Earth was a ball of molten rock.

• http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci102/lectures/earth.htm

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7533964.stm

PLANET EARTH

PLANET EARTH

• As the ball of lava cooled, it developed a hard crust.

PLANET EARTH

• Heavy metals sank toward the core. Iron formed into a ball at the core.

PLANET EARTH

• Heat from the core makes the molten rock convect (move in a circular motion).

• http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_tectonics/p_convection2.html

PLANET EARTH

• This convection (circular movement) makes the crust move.

• http://www.physics.upenn.edu/~garyb/Astro3/Geology/tectonics_convect_of_mantle.htm

• tectonics_convect_of_mantle.swf

PLATE TECTONICS

• The crust is not one piece. It is broken in to sections called plates.

• These plates are always moving.• http://

www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tectonics.html

PLATE TECTONICS

When they crash against one another one plate sinks into the molten lava. The other plate is raised up.These collisions can make mountains, volcanoes.These collisions form earthquakes.http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/tectonic.htm#Scotland

PLATE TECTONICS

• Some plates are moving away from each other. The mantle fills in the empty space. Earthquakes and volcanoes happen here, as well.

• http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/outreach/animations/himalayas_youtube.html

• http://www.iris.edu/hq/programs/education_and_outreach/animations#hotspot

PLATE TECTONICS

• Some plates slide back and forth against each other.

• These slides create lots of earthquakes.

CONCLUSION

• Earth is always moving and changing.• The activity at the core of our planet affects

how the surface of our planet behaves and looks.

• These changes can be awesome, but they are simply a part of an ever changing universe.