Our Solar System › LearningCentre › Novice … · The only planet in our solar system to have...
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19-10-27 1 Brett Hardy PAA Novice Class Lesson 3 October 4, 2019 Our Solar System Getty Images Size Scale Lunar & Planetary Institute Mercury Slightly larger than Earth’s Moon Second hottest planet Rotates once in 176 Earth days Year: 88 Earth days Thin atmosphere composed of oxygen, sodium, hydrogen, helium and potassium Formed by solar wind and micrometeoroid impacts 430° C daytime , -180° C night Large metallic core (85%) partly molten Water ice in deep creators at north and south poles ESA-JAXA BepiColombo mission launched October 20/18 and arrives late 2025 Will study the internal structure, nature of the surface, evolution of geologic features and solar wind impact Transit of Sun: Nov. 11, 2019 NASA: Messenger
Transcript of Our Solar System › LearningCentre › Novice … · The only planet in our solar system to have...
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BrettHardyPAANoviceClassLesson3October4,2019
OurSolarSystem
GettyImages
SizeScale
Lunar&PlanetaryInstitute
MercurySlightlylargerthanEarth’sMoonSecondhottestplanetRotatesoncein176EarthdaysYear:88EarthdaysThinatmospherecomposedofoxygen,sodium,hydrogen,heliumandpotassiumFormedbysolarwindandmicrometeoroidimpacts430°Cdaytime,-180°CnightLargemetalliccore(85%)partlymoltenWatericeindeepcreatorsatnorthandsouthpolesESA-JAXABepiColombomissionlaunchedOctober20/18andarriveslate2025Willstudytheinternalstructure,natureofthesurface,evolutionofgeologicfeaturesandsolarwindimpactTransitofSun:Nov.11,2019
NASA:Messenger
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VenusOftencalledEarth’stwin:size,densityThickatmosphere90xasdenseasEarth’sMostlyCO2
Sulfuricacidcloudsandrain462°CRussianVenera13lastedonlytwohoursRotatesclockwise(retrograde)Day=243EarthdaysYear=225EarthdaysRecentmodellingsuggestsVenuswasprobablyhabitableuntilabout700millionyearsagoJapaneseorbiterAkatsukienteredorbitDecember2015Studyingcloudformationandevolution
NASA/JPL:Mariner10
EarthTheonlyplanetinoursolarsystemtohaveanoxygenatmosphere,liquidwateroceansonitssurfaceandlifeFifthlargestplanetMagneticField:MagnetosphereWeakenedby10%since19thcenturyOnemoon¼thesizeofEarthHurricaneDorian
NASA/NOAA
MarsHalfthesizeofEarthDay:24.5hoursYear:687Earthdays1/3Earth’sgravityThinCO2atmosphereMoons:Phobos,DeimosObvioussignsofpastactivegeologyThemostexploredplanetoutsideEarthFourrovers:Sojourner,Opportunity,Spirit,CuriosityNASAhasthreeorbiters;India;ESAThreemoreroversfor2020:NASA,China,European/Russian
NASA/JPL
PhobostransitoftheSun
NASACuriosityRover
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AsteroidBeltWidelyspaced:~1,000,000kmMillionsorbillionsofobjects–mostpebblesizeordustgrains200largerthan100km0.7-1.7million1kmor>Cerescomprisesabout¼Totalmass<Moon1,409potentiallyhazardousMeteoroid,Meteor,MeteoriteFutureresources?
DwarfPlanets
NASA/JPL
JupiterLargestplanet:>2xmassofallplanetsDay:10hoursYear:12Gasgiant:hydrogen,heliumatmosphereMoons:79GalileanMoons(1610):Ganymede,Callisto,Io,EuropaGreatRedSpot:2xEarthFaintringsystemofdustPowerfulmagnetosphereFriendorFoe?
DamianPeach NASASTSci
SaturnSpectacularringsystemWatericeandrock282,000kminextent,10metresthickRangeinsize-dusttomountainsComets,asteroids,destroyedmoons?Day:10.7hoursYear:29EarthyearsAtmospheremostlyH2,HeMoons:>60Titanlargestmoon
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UranusFirstplanetdiscoveredwithatelescopebyWilliamHerschelin1781IcegiantMostofthemassismadeupofahotdensefluidof“icy”materials:water,ammoniaandmethaneaboveasmallrockycoreAtmosphereofhydrogen,heliumandmethaneCloudsofHydrogensulfideDay:17hours14minutesYear:84RetrograderotationRotatesonitssideMoons:27Faintringsystem
NASAVoyager2(1986)
NeptuneFirstplanetpredictedbymathematics(UrbainLeVerrier)anddiscoveredbyJohannGottfriedGallein1846IcegiantMostofthemassismadeupofahotdensefluidof“icy”materials:water,ammoniaandmethaneaboveasmallrockycoreAtmosphereofhydrogen,heliumandmethaneDay:16hoursYear:165Moons:13FaintringsystemSupersonicwinds>2,000km/h2011markedthefirstfullorbitoftheSunsincediscovery
NASAVoyager2(1989)
KuiperBeltCometsNewHorizons2015flybyofPlutoUnusuallysmoothsurfaceMountainrange3,500metres;nomorethan100millionyearsoldWater-icehillsfloatinginliquidnitrogen
NASA
KuiperBeltObjects
HungarianAstronomicalAssociation/NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI
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Halley’sCometnucleusGiottoMission199276yearorbit2061returndate
ESA
OortCloud
LifeinourSolarSystemMarsALH:4.5billionyearsoldImpactonMars16millionyearsagoFellinAntarctica13thousandyearsagoContainsorganiccarbonthatcanbeformedfromnon-biologicalprocessesControversyoverreportedfossilizedmicrobes
NASA/JSC/StanfordUniversity
NASA
EuropaSaltyliquidoceanunderanicecrustEuropaClipperlaunchin2020tohave40-45flybypassestotakehighresolutionimagesofthesurfaceandinvestigateitscompositionandstructureoftheinteriorandicyshell
NASA/JPL:Galileo
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GoalistodetermineifEuropaishabitable;havingallthreeingredientsforlife:liquidwater,chemicalingredientsandenergy
NASA/JPL
TitanThickobscuringatmosphereNitrogen(90%),methaneHydrocarbonCyclesimilartoEarth’sWaterCycle,butwithliquidethaneandmethaneSubsurfacewateroceanOrigin?NitrogenisotoperatiomeasuredbyHuygensproberesemblecometsfromOortcloud
NASA/JPL
Near-infraredcolourimageSunglintingoffnorthpolarseasLakesupto100metresdeepTheonlyplaceexceptEarthwherealiquidremainsstableonthesurface
NASA/JPL
2026launch;arrival2034
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EnceladusMostreflectivesolarsystembodyCassiniprobe’smagnetometerdiscoveredglobalsaltyoceanundericycrustGeysers:iceparticles,waterandsimpleorganicchemicalsFormsE-ringofSaturnCassiniprobefoundsilicananograinsOnlyformedwhereliquidwaterandrockinteractabove90°C
NASA/JPL
PlumesofwatericeandvapourEmanatingfrom“TigerStripes”areanearEnceladus’southpole101geysershavebeenidentified
NASA/JPL:Cassini2010
