PRESENTED BY

SAVITRI KUMARI

VINIT LOHARIA

PRITHVI MOHAN

SRILIKHITHA

L.RADHIKA RUDRANIDEPARTMENT OF PLANNING

SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND

ARCHITECTURE, VIJAYAWADA

The Brundtland

Commission

Report.

1Environmental Planning & Management

3rd year, 5th sem

Gro Harlem Brundtland

She was born on 20 April 1939.

She is a medical doctor with a public health

degree. She is former director of the World

Health Organization.

A feminist, she was Prime Minister of

Norway (1981, 1986–89, 1990–96), the first

woman and youngest ever.

She was chosen to direct the U.N. World

Commission on Environment and

Development.

Since 2007, she is a special U.N. envoy on

climate change.

INTRODUCTION

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The Brundtland Report (former Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem

Brundtland), published 27 years ago.

It has been successful in forming international ties between

governments and multinational corporations.

Described sustainability as a three-legged stool with people, planet and

profit taking equal importance in the equation.

The report led the production of Agenda 21, an action plan of the UN

with regard to sustainable development

Agenda 21 entailed actions to be taken globally, nationally, and locally

in order to make life on Earth more sustainable

OUR COMMON FUTURE

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Our Common Future aimed to discuss the

environment & development as one single issue

The Brundtland report (Our Common Future)

defined sustainable development as “development

that meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to

meet their own needs.”

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The Brundtland Report highlighted the

three fundamental components

of sustainable development,

the environment, the economy,

and society.

Environment

We should conserve and enhance our resource base, by gradually

changing the ways in which we develop and use technologies.

Social Equity

Developing nations must be allowed to meet their basic needs of

employment, food, energy, water and sanitation. If this is to be done

in a sustainable manner, then there is a definite need for a sustainable

level of population.

Economic Growth

Economic growth should be revived and developing nations should

be allowed a growth of equal quality to the developed nations.

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The environment – a few facts

Flooding May Change the World Map

If global warming continues areas less than 30 feet above sea

level will be vulnerable to flooding.

Those areas most at risk of flooding, due to the rising sea level

would be island nations like the Maldives….and the UK!

10% of the worlds population live in areas likely to be affected

by rising sea levels such as Shanghai, and Lagos and The

Atlantic Gulf Coasts of the USA.

Scientists project as much as a 3 foot sea level rise, by 2100.

Also threatened are Holland, Belgium, Denmark, & parts of

China and India.

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UK Government report states:

‘a secure energy system is one that is able to meet the needs of people

and organisations ……..in a reliable and affordable way both now and in

the future’

Just three countries supply the vast majority of EU gas imports—

Russia (40%), Algeria (30%) and Norway (25%).

The UK will need to replace around 25% of its firm capacity over the

next decade if it is to continue to meet demand

There is a risk that not enough gas capacity will be built in the UK as

investors seek more certain returns elsewhere. Government is

therefore concerned that the UK will not have enough ‘firm’ capacity

over the coming decade to ensure that the UK’s electricity supplies

remain secure.

The environment – Energy Security

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The Bruntland Reports says..

Economic growth should be revived and developing nations should be

allowed a growth of equal quality to the developed nations.

China’s economy is projected to grow by about 8% a year, with India

averaging 7.8% annual growth and Brazil 4.9%. By contrast, North

America will experience annual growth of about 3%, Europe, 2% and

Japan about 1%.

Some facts to consider…

In recent years the world's food production has increased by 24 per

cent, outpacing the rate of population growth.

However, this increase was not evenly distributed throughout the

world. For example, in Africa, food production decreased, while

population increased.

Most experts agree that there is no shortage of food, and that equitable

distribution should be sufficient to meet all needs for the future.

Lack of money to buy food is the problem of malnourishment.

THE ECONOMY

Source - Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute8

TIME INTERVAL NUMBER OF YEARS WORLD POPULATION

___________________________________________________________

?-1850 to 1 Billion 1850 years +

___________________________________________________________

1850-1930 2 Billion 80 years

___________________________________________________________

1930-1975 4 Billion 45 years

___________________________________________________________

1975-1987 5 Billion 12 years

___________________________________________________________

1987-2000 6 Billion 13 years

2013 – 10:50 AM Wednesday 27th Feb – 7.1 Billion…and rising

___________________________________________________________

*We currently are adding 90 million annually and will continue to do

so through to 2015 and beyond.

Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population9

Poverty is a condition of chronic deprivation and need at the family

level.

Poverty, is a major concern of humankind, because poverty

everywhere reduces human beings to a low level of existence.

Poor people lack access to enough land and income to meet basic

needs.

A lack of basic needs results in physical weakness and poor health.

Poor health decreases the ability of the poor to work and put them

deeper into poverty.

The priorities for getting rid of poverty, improving food supply,

ending malnutrition, and providing adequate housing coincide at all

points with those required for balanced population growth.

POVERTY

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GROWTH

Many of the products and technologies that have gone into this

improvement are raw material- and energy-intensive and entail a

substantial amount of pollution.

Environmental stresses also arise from more traditional forms of

production. More land has been cleared for settled cultivation in the past

100 years than in all the previous centuries of human existence.

Interventions in the water cycles have increased greatly.

In recent years, industrial countries have been able to achieve economic

growth using less energy and raw materials per unit of output. This,

along with the efforts to reduce the emission of pollutants, will help to

contain the pressure on the biosphere.

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SURVIVALThe scale and complexity of our requirements for natural resources have

increased greatly with the rising levels of population and production.

• Greenhouse effect

• Ozon layer deletion

• Air pollution

• Deforestation

• Diposal of toxic

waste

• Desertification

• extinguishes species

of plants and animals

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ELEMENTS / DIMENSIONS OF

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Political

Economic

Institutional

Technological

Socio-cultural

Ecological

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PARAMETERS OF SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT

ECONOMIC Maintaining a sustainable population Maintaining productivity and profitability of environment and natural

resourcesECOLOGICAL Adopting environmental management weapons in policy and decision

making Protecting the environment and conserving natural resourcesTECHNOLOGICAL Promoting proper management of wastes and residuals Adopting environment-friendly technologiesPOLITICAL Empowering the people Maintaining peace and orderSOCIO-CULTURE Promoting resource access and upholding property rights Promoting environmental awareness, inculcating environment ethics and

supporting environment management actionINSTITUTIONAL Improving institutional capacity/ capability to manage sustainable

development

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Sustainable

Development

Business is the key

actor in ECONOMY,

which is mainly

concerned with

producing goods and

services for people

Government is the key

actor in POLITY, which

is concerned with

democratic

governance and

security of human

rights.

Civil Society is the key

actor in CULTURE, which

is concerned with the

development of the social

and spiritual capacities of

human beings.15

“Development which meets the needs of the present

without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs”

or

Sustainable Development means making sure that the

things we do, the goods we buy and the lifestyle we

have today will not harm the environment for us, for

people in other places and for future generations

Sustainable Development

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The concept of 'needs', in particular the essential needs of the world's

poor,

to which overriding priority should be given.

The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social

organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future

needs.

It contains two key concepts:

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Development involves a progressive transformation of economy and

society. A development path that is sustainable in a physical sense could

theoretically be pursued even in a rigid social and political setting. But

physical sustainability cannot be secured unless development policies pay

attention to such considerations as changes in access to resources

The goals of economic and social development must be defined in terms of

sustainability in all countries- developed or developing

Development tends to simplify ecosystems and to reduce their diversity of

species. And species, once extinct, are not renewable. The loss of plant and

animal species can greatly limit the options of future generations; so sustainable

development requires the conservation of plant and animal species.

So-called free goods like air and water are also resources. The raw materials

and energy of production processes are only partly converted to useful

products. The rest comes out as wastes. Sustainable development requires

that the adverse impacts on the quality of air, water, and other natural elements

are minimized so as to sustain the ecosystem's overall integrity.

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A society may in many ways compromise its ability to meet the essential

needs of its people in the future – by overexploiting resources, for example.

The direction of technological developments may solve some immediate

problems but lead to even greater ones. Large sections of the population may

be marginalized by ill-considered development

societies economies+ companies+

IT IS ABOUT DEVELOPING

that can be sustained on social, economic and environmental terms19

sustainable development is about

social progresswhich recognises the needs of everyone

sustainable development is about ensuring

employment and economic security for everyone

sustainable development is about

environmental protection being at the centre of everything we

do

sustainable development is about the

prudent use of the earth’s natural resources

How are individuals in the real world to be persuaded or made to act in the

common interest?

It is not that there is one set of villains and another of victims. All would

be better off if each person took into account the effect oœ" his or her

acts upon others.

Interdependence is not simply a local phenomenon. Rapid growth in

production has extended it to the international plane

The enforcement of common interest often suffers because areas of

political jurisdiction and areas of impact do not coincide.

The search for common interest would be less difficult if all development

and environment problems had solutions that would leave everyone

better off. This is seldom the case, and there are usually winners and

losers. Many problems arise from inequalities in access to resources

As a system approaches ecological limits, inequalities sharpen

Globally, wealthier nations are better placed financially and

technologically to cope with the effects of possible climatic change.

our inability to promote the common interest in sustainable development

is often a product of the relative neglect of economic and social justice

within and amongst nations.

EQUITY AND THE COMMON INTEREST

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STRATEGIC IMPERATIVESCritical objectives for environment and development policies that follow

from the concept of sustainable development include:

1. · Reviving Growth; developing nations focus their efforts upon

eliminating poverty and satisfying essential human needs, then

domestic demand will increase for both agricultural products and

manufactured goods and some services.

2. · Changing The Quality Of Growth; Sustainable development

involves more than growth. It requires a change in the content of

growth, to make it less Material- and energy-intensive and more

equitable in its impact.

3. Meeting Essential Needs For Jobs, Food, Energy, Water, And

Sanitation; The principal development challenge is to meet the needs

and aspirations of an expanding developing world population.

4. · Ensuring A Sustainable Level Of Population; The sustainability of

development is intimately linked to the dynamics of population growth.

Population policies should be integrated with other economic and

social development programmes female education, health care, and

the expansion of the livelihood base of the poor.

5. · Conserving And Enhancing The Resource Base: Development

policies must widen people's options for earning a sustainable

livelihood, particularly for resource-poor households and in areas

under ecological stress.

·

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6. Reorienting Technology And Managing Risk; limits to global

development are perhaps determined by the availability of energy

resources and by the biosphere's capacity to absorb the by-products of

energy use. The development of environmentally appropriate technologies

is closely related to questions of risk

management.

7.Merging Environment And Economics In Decision Making. Inter

sectoral connections create patterns of economic and ecological

interdependence rarely reflected in the ways in which policy is made.

Sustainability requires the enforcement of wider responsibilities for the

impacts of decisions. This

requires changes in the legal and institutional frameworks that will enforce

the common interest.

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CONCLUSION

The strategy for sustainable development aims to promote harmony

among

Human brings and between humanity and nature.

, The pursuit of sustainable development requires:

· A political system that secures effective citizen participation in

decision making.

· An economic system that is able to generate surpluses and technical

knowledge on a self-reliant and

Sustained basis

· A social system that provides for solutions for the tensions arising

from disharmonious development.

· A production system that respects the obligation to preserve the

ecological base for development,

· A technological system that can search continuously for new

solutions,

· An international system that fosters sustainable patterns of trade and

finance, and

· An administrative system that is flexible and has the capacity for self-

correction.

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Reference:

Chapter 1 and 2 - Our Common Future, Brundtland Report,UN.1987

Thank you…

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