Our Colonial HeritageOur Colonial Heritage

Unit 3Unit 3

By Mrs. DouglasBy Mrs. Douglas

Spanish BorderlandsSpanish Borderlands

• Lived in forts called Lived in forts called presidiospresidios. These . These were not only shelters, but were not only shelters, but protection. protection.

• Mined gold and silver.Mined gold and silver.

• Set up buffers to keep out other Set up buffers to keep out other settlers trying to steal, but still settlers trying to steal, but still fought often.fought often.

St. AugustineSt. Augustine• Largest and Largest and

most most important important presidiopresidio

• Located on the Located on the Atlantic coast Atlantic coast of Floridaof Florida

• Built walls of Built walls of stone around stone around the fort for the fort for protectionprotection

Ranches and HaciendasRanches and Haciendas

• Spanish settlers raised livestock on Spanish settlers raised livestock on ranches and sold hides for money.ranches and sold hides for money.

• Haciendas were larger estates of Haciendas were larger estates of land. They raised cattle and sheep land. They raised cattle and sheep by the thousands. by the thousands.

• Horses were also reintroduced and Horses were also reintroduced and changed the Indians way of life.changed the Indians way of life.

MissionsMissions

• MissionsMissions were small religious communities of were small religious communities of Catholic workers in the Spanish colonies.Catholic workers in the Spanish colonies.

• Located in what is today Georgia.Located in what is today Georgia.• The settlers goal was to persuade Indians to The settlers goal was to persuade Indians to

become Catholics as well as Spanish subjects.become Catholics as well as Spanish subjects.• They brought livestock, fruit trees and seeds for They brought livestock, fruit trees and seeds for

crops. crops. • The Spanish and the Indians taught each other and The Spanish and the Indians taught each other and

lived together in the beginning. Many Indians lived together in the beginning. Many Indians became Catholics.became Catholics.

• After time the missionaries forced the Indians to After time the missionaries forced the Indians to live and work for them. The missionaries used cruel live and work for them. The missionaries used cruel treatment to control the Indians and many fought treatment to control the Indians and many fought back destroying churches and other buildings. back destroying churches and other buildings.

New FranceNew France• Settlers were very few. Settlers were very few.

Established a trade with the Established a trade with the Hurons.Hurons.

• France had been involved in France had been involved in civil wars which kept them civil wars which kept them from leaving.from leaving.

• King Louis XIV brought peace.King Louis XIV brought peace.• He hoped to rebuild the French He hoped to rebuild the French

Empire in North America and Empire in North America and declared New France to be a declared New France to be a royal colony which meant the royal colony which meant the King rather than the people King rather than the people would rule the colony.would rule the colony.

King Louis XIV of France hoped to rebuild New France.

The French continue to The French continue to ExploreExplore• The French wanted to find a route that The French wanted to find a route that

would lead from the Mississippi river to would lead from the Mississippi river to Asia.Asia. Jaques Marquette and Louis Joliet Jaques Marquette and Louis Joliet and five others went out on an and five others went out on an expedition in the name of King George. expedition in the name of King George.

• The exploration gave France claim to The exploration gave France claim to the Mississippi River, one of the longest the Mississippi River, one of the longest rivers in North America. rivers in North America.

French Explore LouisianaFrench Explore Louisiana

• Another French explorer, Sieur de las Another French explorer, Sieur de las Salle. He claimed the Mississippi River Salle. He claimed the Mississippi River Valley and all of its tributaries for Valley and all of its tributaries for France. It extended from the France. It extended from the Appalachian Mountains in the east to Appalachian Mountains in the east to the Rocky Mountains in the west and the Rocky Mountains in the west and from the Great Lakes in the north to the from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. La Salle Gulf of Mexico in the south. La Salle named the area Louisiana to honor King named the area Louisiana to honor King Louis XIV. Louis XIV.

La La SalleSalle

• La Salle tried to La Salle tried to establish a settlement establish a settlement in the region however, in the region however, hardships lead to hardships lead to disagreements and La disagreements and La Salle was killed by one Salle was killed by one of his own settlers.of his own settlers.

• The king sent two The king sent two more explorers to find more explorers to find the river La Salle had the river La Salle had discovered. They discovered. They found the river and the found the river and the settlement.settlement.

• In 1712 the French king In 1712 the French king made Louisiana a made Louisiana a proprietary colonyproprietary colony. This . This meant that the king gave meant that the king gave ownership to one person, ownership to one person, and allowed that person to and allowed that person to rule. In 1717 John Law, a rule. In 1717 John Law, a Scottish banker, became Scottish banker, became proprietor, or owner. He proprietor, or owner. He formed a company to build formed a company to build plantations and towns. He plantations and towns. He brought in thousands of brought in thousands of settlers. In 1722 the town settlers. In 1722 the town of New Orleans became of New Orleans became Louisiana’s capital.Louisiana’s capital.

Thirteen British ColoniesThirteen British ColoniesBy the 1730s the British had settled along the Atlantic Coast from present-day Main to Georgia. In time the area contained not one British colony, but thirteen. Each was formed in its own way and for its own purpose. And in each, the settlers had their own hopes and dreams for their new home.

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

• Virginia and Maryland were the first.Virginia and Maryland were the first.• They began with the settlement of Jamestown. The They began with the settlement of Jamestown. The

Virginia Company of London started Virginia Company of London started Jamestown as Jamestown as a trading post. a trading post.

• Later they began to grow tobacco as a cash crop Later they began to grow tobacco as a cash crop which they sold all over Europe and made huge which they sold all over Europe and made huge profits. profits.

• The king took control of the colony and kept all of The king took control of the colony and kept all of the profits.the profits.

• In Maryland King Charles I started the Chesapeake In Maryland King Charles I started the Chesapeake Bay colony. They welcomed settlers of all religions Bay colony. They welcomed settlers of all religions and passed the first law to guarantee people and passed the first law to guarantee people religions freedom in North America. religions freedom in North America.

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies• These settlers disagreed with the practices of the These settlers disagreed with the practices of the

Church of England. They did not separate from the Church of England. They did not separate from the church, as the pilgrims did, but they wanted to church, as the pilgrims did, but they wanted to make the church more “pure.” For this reason they make the church more “pure.” For this reason they called themselves called themselves PuritansPuritans. .

• They built many settlements around Boston. They built many settlements around Boston. Religion was the center of their life.Religion was the center of their life.

• All newcomers to the colony were expected to All newcomers to the colony were expected to follow the Puritan beliefs. Those who did were follow the Puritan beliefs. Those who did were given land. Those who did not were not welcomed. given land. Those who did not were not welcomed.

• DecisionsDecisions made about the government in many made about the government in many New England towns were made by citizens at town New England towns were made by citizens at town meetings. Only by white men.meetings. Only by white men.

New Puritan ColoniesNew Puritan Colonies Reverend Thomas Hooker started Reverend Thomas Hooker started

the Connecticut colony. He the Connecticut colony. He believed that government should believed that government should be based on what the people be based on what the people wanted. His colony adopted the wanted. His colony adopted the Fundamental Orders which was Fundamental Orders which was the first written system of the first written system of government in North America. government in North America. The order allowed men to elect The order allowed men to elect their government leaders. their government leaders.

New Puritan ColoniesNew Puritan Colonies• Roger Williams started the settlement of Roger Williams started the settlement of

Providence in present-day Rhode Island. Providence in present-day Rhode Island. • He had been forced out of Massachusetts Bay He had been forced out of Massachusetts Bay

for asking for more freedom. for asking for more freedom.

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

• Dutch colonists from the Netherlands built Dutch colonists from the Netherlands built settlements called New Netherland along the Hudson settlements called New Netherland along the Hudson River in parts of what are today New York, and New River in parts of what are today New York, and New Jersey.Jersey.

• They founded the city of New Amsterdam. They founded the city of New Amsterdam. • Colonists came from Sweden and established New Colonists came from Sweden and established New

Sweden. Sweden. • In 1664 British forces seized both New Sweden and In 1664 British forces seized both New Sweden and

New Netherland. The king gave the colonies to his New Netherland. The king gave the colonies to his brother James, the Duke of York. The land was split brother James, the Duke of York. The land was split up and given the names of New York and New Jerseyup and given the names of New York and New Jersey

• In 1681 the British king gave William Penn a charter In 1681 the British king gave William Penn a charter that made him proprietor of Pennsylvania.that made him proprietor of Pennsylvania.

William PennWilliam Penn

• Was a member of the Society of Friends a Was a member of the Society of Friends a religious group also known as the Quakers. religious group also known as the Quakers.

• Quakers were often treated unfairly because Quakers were often treated unfairly because of their beliefs.of their beliefs.

• Penn wanted to create a refuge for the Penn wanted to create a refuge for the Quakers and othersQuakers and others so people could worship so people could worship as they pleased. as they pleased.

• They named their colony Pennsylvania which They named their colony Pennsylvania which meant Penn’s woods. meant Penn’s woods.

• People came from all over Europe to Penn’s People came from all over Europe to Penn’s refuge.refuge.

The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies

• Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.and Georgia.

• North Carolina developed as a colony of small North Carolina developed as a colony of small farms.farms.

• South Carolina became huge farms in the style of South Carolina became huge farms in the style of Spanish Plantations. The main cash crop was rice. Spanish Plantations. The main cash crop was rice. On land where rice could not grow they found On land where rice could not grow they found they could grow indigo, a plant from which blue they could grow indigo, a plant from which blue dye is made.dye is made.

• These plantations required many workers. Many These plantations required many workers. Many landowners filled this need by buying enslaved landowners filled this need by buying enslaved Africans. Africans.

• James Oglethorpe was given James Oglethorpe was given a charter to settle Georgia, a a charter to settle Georgia, a colony named for King colony named for King George III. Oglethorpe had George III. Oglethorpe had the idea of bringing over the idea of bringing over debtorsdebtors, people who had , people who had been in prison for owing been in prison for owing money, to settle the colony. money, to settle the colony.

• He offered each debtor 50 He offered each debtor 50 acres of land plus a bonus of acres of land plus a bonus of 50 acres for every debtor the 50 acres for every debtor the settler brought along to help settler brought along to help with the work of the farm.with the work of the farm.

• His plan did not work because His plan did not work because so many took advantage of so many took advantage of the offer.the offer.

Oglethorpe

Review of the 13 ColoniesReview of the 13 Colonies• Virginia – a business ventureVirginia – a business venture• Maryland – proprietary colony, business ventureMaryland – proprietary colony, business venture• Massachusetts – Puritans acquired charterMassachusetts – Puritans acquired charter• Connecticut – started by Hooker and followersConnecticut – started by Hooker and followers• Rhode Island – started by Williams and Hutchinson and Rhode Island – started by Williams and Hutchinson and

their followerstheir followers• New Hampshire – started by Massachusetts business New Hampshire – started by Massachusetts business

peoplepeople• New York and New Jersey – started by Dutch and New York and New Jersey – started by Dutch and

Swedish ColonistsSwedish Colonists• Delaware – started by Swedish ColonistsDelaware – started by Swedish Colonists• Pennsylvania – founded by William Penn and his Pennsylvania – founded by William Penn and his

followersfollowers• North and South Carolina – divided among 8 proprietorsNorth and South Carolina – divided among 8 proprietors• George – founded by OglethorpeGeorge – founded by Oglethorpe

What was life like in What was life like in the colonies you ask?the colonies you ask?

Life in the Towns and CitiesLife in the Towns and Cities

• ““Every man lives in a tidy warm house, has plenty Every man lives in a tidy warm house, has plenty of good food and fuel, with whole clothes from of good food and fuel, with whole clothes from head to foot made by his family,” said one settler.head to foot made by his family,” said one settler.

• On every lane there was a home with a garden and On every lane there was a home with a garden and pens for sheep, chicken and pigs.pens for sheep, chicken and pigs.

• A meeting house was the center of town where A meeting house was the center of town where people worshiped together and had town meetings.people worshiped together and had town meetings.

• They had a constable, or police officer, who made They had a constable, or police officer, who made sure people obeyed laws.sure people obeyed laws.

• Towns set up Towns set up militiasmilitias or volunteer armies to fight if or volunteer armies to fight if attacked.attacked.

Colonial DaysColonial Days by E.L. Henry by E.L. Henry

Market TownsMarket Towns

• Farmers traveled to Market towns to trade their Farmers traveled to Market towns to trade their farm produce – grains, fruits and vegetables for farm produce – grains, fruits and vegetables for goods and services.goods and services.

• Most towns had a general store that sold imports Most towns had a general store that sold imports such as tea, sugar, spices, cloth, shoes, stockings, such as tea, sugar, spices, cloth, shoes, stockings, and buttons.and buttons.

• The cobbler shop repaired shoes.The cobbler shop repaired shoes.• The blacksmith made horseshoes, hinges, and nails.The blacksmith made horseshoes, hinges, and nails.• At the gristmill grain was made into flour and meal.At the gristmill grain was made into flour and meal.• At the sawmill logs were sawed into lumber.At the sawmill logs were sawed into lumber.

Market TownsMarket Towns

County SeatsCounty Seats

• People on plantations would travel a People on plantations would travel a few times a year to county seats few times a year to county seats where they went to church, held where they went to church, held dances, and traded crops for goods. dances, and traded crops for goods.

• Slaves were bought and sold.Slaves were bought and sold.• Courthouse and jail were located here.Courthouse and jail were located here.• White men would meet to make laws White men would meet to make laws

and vote.and vote.

CitiesCities

• New York City, Philadelphia and Charleston.New York City, Philadelphia and Charleston.• Cities had good harbors and grew because Cities had good harbors and grew because

of trade.of trade.• Goods came in as imports and goods were Goods came in as imports and goods were

shipped out as exports. Exports included shipped out as exports. Exports included fur, lumber and dried fish. fur, lumber and dried fish. FurFur was the most was the most common export. The major product that common export. The major product that was exported was was exported was tobaccotobacco..

• Some ships followed the Some ships followed the triangular tradetriangular trade route. These routes linked Britain, the route. These routes linked Britain, the British colonies and the Atlantic Ocean. British colonies and the Atlantic Ocean.

Triangular Trade RouteTriangular Trade RouteTraders carried Traders carried

manufacturemanufactured goods from d goods from Britain and Britain and raw raw materials materials from the 13 from the 13 colonies and colonies and the West the West Indies. They Indies. They also also carried carried exported exported slaves from slaves from Africa.Africa.

Life on PlantationsLife on Plantations

• Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, and Georgia.Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, and Georgia.• Plantations grew cash crops and made Plantations grew cash crops and made

owners rich!owners rich!• Plantations needed many workers. Most Plantations needed many workers. Most

plantation owners used enslaved Africans plantation owners used enslaved Africans to work on their plantations.to work on their plantations.

• On a plantation the owner lived in the On a plantation the owner lived in the main house while slaves lived in small main house while slaves lived in small buildings nearby. buildings nearby.

• Money was rarely used in the Money was rarely used in the plantation economy. Instead, plantation economy. Instead, crops crops were used to trade.were used to trade.

• Owners of the largest plantations most Owners of the largest plantations most often sold their crops through a British often sold their crops through a British broker. A broker. A brokerbroker is a person who is is a person who is paid to buy and sell for someone else. paid to buy and sell for someone else. Planters sent their crops to Britain Planters sent their crops to Britain with a list of things they wanted the with a list of things they wanted the broker to buy for them. The broker broker to buy for them. The broker then sold the crops, bought what the then sold the crops, bought what the planter wanted, and sent the goods planter wanted, and sent the goods back to the colonies.back to the colonies.

Servants and SlavesServants and Slaves• On small plantations everyone in the family On small plantations everyone in the family

worked. worked. • As plantations grew, planters added more As plantations grew, planters added more

workers. workers. • In time, the main job of the planter’s family was In time, the main job of the planter’s family was

to help watch over the work of others – both to help watch over the work of others – both servants and slaves.servants and slaves.

• Many of the earliest workers of the Americas Many of the earliest workers of the Americas came as came as indentured servantsindentured servants. An indentured . An indentured servant was a person who agreed to work for servant was a person who agreed to work for another person without pay for a certain length another person without pay for a certain length of time. Many indentured servants were of time. Many indentured servants were Europeans who had wanted to move to the Europeans who had wanted to move to the colonies but had no money. A planter or other colonies but had no money. A planter or other business owner paid for the trip, and the person business owner paid for the trip, and the person agreed to work without pay for anywhere from 2 agreed to work without pay for anywhere from 2 to 7 years then they were free. to 7 years then they were free.

5 generations of slaves working a 5 generations of slaves working a plantation in Southern Carolinaplantation in Southern Carolina

Slaves were sold at Slaves were sold at auctions auctions or public sale or public sale after they were after they were kidnapped. They had no kidnapped. They had no choice about where they choice about where they would go or what they would go or what they would do.would do.

Life on the FrontierLife on the Frontier• Settlers hoped to make a piece of the frontier, or Settlers hoped to make a piece of the frontier, or

open land, into a farm where they could build a open land, into a farm where they could build a house and raise a family.house and raise a family.

• Many German and Scottish-Irish immigrants Many German and Scottish-Irish immigrants moved into the backcountry. To get there, they moved into the backcountry. To get there, they followed an old Indian trail which became known followed an old Indian trail which became known as the Great Wagon Road. as the Great Wagon Road.

• The road was hilly and difficult. In many areas it The road was hilly and difficult. In many areas it was so slippery even the horses fell to their knees. was so slippery even the horses fell to their knees.

• They traveled along They traveled along fall linesfall lines where the land where the land dropped sharply causing rivers to form waterfalls. dropped sharply causing rivers to form waterfalls.

• Daniel Boone settled the backcountry and helped Daniel Boone settled the backcountry and helped make new roads to make travel easier. make new roads to make travel easier.

Daniel Boone and his family.Daniel Boone and his family.

Living in the BackcountryLiving in the Backcountry• Life was simple.Life was simple.• People lived in log huts with chimneys made of People lived in log huts with chimneys made of

sticks and mud.sticks and mud.• Most houses had one room with a dirt floor.Most houses had one room with a dirt floor.• Light came in through a door in the daytime and Light came in through a door in the daytime and

the fireplace at night.the fireplace at night.• Families burned wood in the fireplace to cook and Families burned wood in the fireplace to cook and

keep their homes warm.keep their homes warm.• At night adults spread blankets over dry leaves on At night adults spread blankets over dry leaves on

the floor to sleep and children slept in a loft, a part the floor to sleep and children slept in a loft, a part of the house between the ceiling and the roof. of the house between the ceiling and the roof.

• People worked hard for their food by hunting and People worked hard for their food by hunting and farming.farming.

• They made almost everything they needed They made almost everything they needed including clothes, soap and candles. including clothes, soap and candles.

A settler named Oliver A settler named Oliver Johnson remembered Johnson remembered sleeping in a loft sleeping in a loft growing up on the growing up on the frontier:frontier:

““If you slept in the loft, If you slept in the loft, you pulled your head you pulled your head under the covers under the covers during a storm. When during a storm. When you got up in the you got up in the mornin you shake the mornin you shake the snow off the covers, snow off the covers, grab your shirt and grab your shirt and britches and hop britches and hop down the ladder to down the ladder to the fireplace, where it the fireplace, where it was good and warm.”was good and warm.”

The Ohio River ValleyThe Ohio River Valley

• British fur traders had crossed the British fur traders had crossed the Appalachian Mountains in the Ohio River Appalachian Mountains in the Ohio River Valley. Valley.

• British fur traders moved into the Ohio River British fur traders moved into the Ohio River Valley to take the fur trade away from the Valley to take the fur trade away from the French. To do this, British offered the Indians French. To do this, British offered the Indians more goods for fewer furs. Therefore, Indians more goods for fewer furs. Therefore, Indians traded with the British rather than the French. traded with the British rather than the French.

• Bad feelings between the British and the Bad feelings between the British and the French were the result and war was eminent. French were the result and war was eminent.

The colonists flourish and are now The colonists flourish and are now living, trading and building on the living, trading and building on the new land. Over the years they grow new land. Over the years they grow tired of British rule. How can a king tired of British rule. How can a king rule from so far away? Why can’t the rule from so far away? Why can’t the people make decisions that affect people make decisions that affect their lives? They decided to break their lives? They decided to break away from British rule, but it would away from British rule, but it would be a fight….be a fight….