OUCH THAT HURTS…. SPORTS INJURIES PSE 4U LECTURE PRESENTATION MR. D. GRAHAM Department of Health...
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Transcript of OUCH THAT HURTS…. SPORTS INJURIES PSE 4U LECTURE PRESENTATION MR. D. GRAHAM Department of Health...
OUCH THAT HURTS….SPORTS INJURIES
PSE 4U LECTURE PRESENTATION
MR. D. GRAHAM Department of Health and Physical
Education
Westdale Secondary School
Sports Injuries
We are living in a time when interest in sport and fitness has
never been higher. Correspondingly, our knowledge
about injury and illness as a result of physical activity has
also increased. Sport injurySport injury a physical hurt or damage of the body due to the
participation in a physical activity
Ligaments
Ligament Ligament a band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone or cartilage to bone, supporting and strengthening a joint
Joint Line Joint Line point where ligament crosses the joint
Synovial fluid provides lubrication and nourishment where the ligaments join together to form a joint capsule
Sprain Sprain injury due to sudden forceful movement that damages ligament, resulting in pain, swelling and some loss of function
SprainsFirst degree First degree the ligaments are stretched and may be torn
resulting in pain, minimum loss of function, little swelling
treat injury with ice and depending level of pain tolerance, may return to activity within in a short period
Second degree Second degree the ligaments are stretched and torn resulting in pain, moderate loss of function, swelling, instability
treat injury with ice, allow 6-10 weeks for sprain to heal completely
Third degree Third degree the ligaments are completely torn resulting in extreme pain, major loss of function, severe instability
emergency situation that will require surgery, allow 12-16 weeks for sprain to heal
Sprains
StrainsTendon Tendon a fibrous cord by which a muscle is
attached to a bone; contributes to effective muscle movement
Strain Strain an injury to muscle tendon caused by excessive stretching resulting in pain and swelling
First degreeFirst degree a slightly pulled muscle without tearing of tendon fibers and no loss of strength
Second degree Second degree tearing of fibers in a tendon and strength is diminished
Third degree Third degree rupture of the muscle-tendon-bone attachment with separation of fibers and requires surgery
Muscle Injuries
Muscle tearMuscle tear an injury, sometimes called a muscle pull, resulting in the rupture of muscle tissue and will limit movement
the degree of the injury depends on the depth of the tear, the location of the tear and the amount torn
Muscle contusion Muscle contusion injury resulting from a direct blow to the surface of the body and may result in muscle haematoma (bruise)
the intensity of a contusion can range from superficial to deep tissue compression and hemorrhage
a contusion or black eye from a blow to the head while boxing can cause bleeding into the eyelids
Cartilage
Cartilage Cartilage tough and flexible connective tissue found between bones permitting smooth movement of joints
Cartilage injuryCartilage injury tear can be caused by a direct blow to the knee, overuse of an injured knee, or violent muscle contraction
resulting in pain
(especially when
bearing weight)
locking of the joint,
‘giving way’ of the
injured area
Knee InjuriesPivot twisting injuries Pivot twisting injuries occur when foot is fixed resulting in
an injury to the posterior or anterior cruciate ligament
for example, when foot is fixed to the ski, quickly rotating your body can result in damage to the ligament
Direct contact Direct contact tearing of the medial collateral ligament, the anterior cruciate ligament and medial cartilage on direct contact
for example, taking a blow to the knee from the side with your cleats dug into the ground results in injury
Deceleration injuries Deceleration injuries when athlete decelerates in a shorted time period in comparison to acceleration phase
for example, in basketball one must accelerate and stop quickly to change directions, resulting in damage
Knee Injuries
Fractured patella Fractured patella a complete or incomplete break in the upper or lower portion of the patella
Osgood-Schlatter disease Osgood-Schlatter disease attachment of patellar tendon on the tibial tuberosity is damaged due to overuse, occurs in children
Q-angle Q-angle common female
injury due to a greater
Q-angle or wider pelvis
region, resulting in anterior
cruciate ligament sprains
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Knee InjuriesUnhappy triad Unhappy triad tearing of the medial collateral
ligament, anterior cruciate ligament and medialcartilage
Patella femoral syndrome Patella femoral syndrome deterioration and softeningof the articular cartilage of the kneecap, resultingin chronic knee pain
Patella femoral syndrome
Testing for Injuries
LigamentLigament apply force, look for displacement of joint beyond normal range of motion, checking non injured side as well
Muscle Muscle palpate, look for swelling, look for pain during muscle contraction
Active Active person produces movement of their own, look for full range of motion and willingness to move, compare both sides
Passive Passive trainer moves the injured joint and checks for range of motion, checks points of discomfort, check for joint stability
Resistance Resistance look for a loss of strength, athlete may be weak and without pain suggesting damage to the nervous system
Phases of Injury
Acute Acute zero to 48 hours, most important period as to flush out scar tissue, rid of swelling by applying ice to injury
Sub-acute Sub-acute 3 to 5 days post injury, the rehabilitation phase
Chronic Chronic old or repeated injury, must complete rehabilitation for a longer length of time
Immediate Care
the objective of immediate care of soft-tissue injuries is to reduce inflammation and usually speeds recovery on injury
PPressure ressure apply pressure to reduce swelling or bleeding around joint
IIce ce apply ice to injured area for 10 to 20 minutes, remove for 10 minutes and repeat
EElevate levate elevate the injured area above the level of the heart
RRestrict estrict rest or restrict movement of the injured area and do not return to activity too soon
Inflammation Signs
injuries to soft tissue often react by producing inflammation in the injured area
SSwelling welling may be immediate or develop over time
HHeat eat or increased local temperature
AAltered ltered function, such as restricted movement
RRednessedness or discoloration of injured area
PPain ain determined by severity of injury
Concussions
Concussion Concussion sudden loss of consciousness due to a direct blow resulting in an alteration in vision and equilibrium
First degree First degree no actual loss of consciousness, only a blurring of consciousness lasting 10 to 20 seconds
Second degree Second degree blurring or loss of consciousness lasting 20 seconds to 2 minutes, minimal symptoms are found
Third degree Third degree loss of consciousness lasting 2 minutes or more
do not have to lose consciousness to be concussed and do not have to be hit in the head to suffer a concussion
Concussions
the body is travelling at a rapid velocity and suddenly stops. The brain is travelling at the same velocity as the body, and when the body stops, the brain continues to move forward at the same velocity and direction. The brain hits the skull and bounces back to hit the other side of the skull. This occurs because the brain is floating in cerebral spinal fluid. When the brain strikes the skull, a portion of the brain is damaged and when enough damage is done, alterations occur, resulting in a concussion
the injured person may appear normal, but may lapse into state later on. Therefore, the person should never be left alone
Assessing Concussions
Grade one Grade one remove from game, examine immediately, person may return in 48 hours
Grade two Grade two remove from game, examine abnormalities frequently, person may return after a week
Grade three Grade three seek professional medical aid immediately, neurological evaluation needed
always assume the situation is life threatening, always assume concussion has resulted in neck injury
AA airway
B B breathing
CC circulation (pulse)
Signs of a Concussion
face color may be red or pale
skin may be cool and moist
pulse may be rapid, strong, weak, slow
shallow breathing
dilated pupil, vary in size, no response to light
unbalanced stance
‘Rabinski’ rub bottom of foot and no action
count back by 7’s from 100
headaches
Brain anoxia Brain anoxia a state in which there is an inadequate oxygen supply to the brain tissues
Prevention
add more foam to helmet
purchase a strong helmet
secure helmet with soft chin strap
use mouth guard
modify rules of game