ou know or learned). Items marked in the first column with...

World History

Semester 1

Review

2015-16

FOR STUDENTS: Your teacher can explain language in this guide and remind you of learning

activities in class where you learned the particular key ideas throughout Semester 1. Make

questions you might expect to see on an exam about the key ideas to help you study and prepare for

semester exams. Practice your ability to define key terms and accurately describe the significance of

key events, people and ideas. Pay special attention to items that appear in bold print in this

document. Remember some information you may have learned through activities in class, not just

from your textbook. Items marked in the first column with a “C” represent essential and expected

concepts (things you know or learned). Items marked in the first column with an “S” represent

essential and expected skills (things you have learned to do).

FOR PARENTS: Before Semester 1 exams, teachers will engage in a number of review activities

within the class to help students prepare, but parents can support students at home. As always,

make sure your child is well-rested and prepared for an altered exam schedule. There are usually

between 45-60 questions on Middle School Social Studies exams, and the items will require a

combination of skills and knowledge of concepts to complete. The Concepts and Skills listed here

have been adapted from pertinent state middle school social studies benchmarks into a simplified

and focused version to address the needs of the students in our district. You can help your child

create study questions in preparation. It is harder for students to write skill questions for

themselves, since skills should generally be practiced. The online student subscription to the 6th

grade textbook, TCI’s History Alive: Ancient World has tools like “Crack the Code” to help students

practice skills and review concepts. While the district does not endorse any particular commercial

study preparation website or tool, there are a variety of free study-preparation sites and

applications available for students to create questions, flashcards, etc., such as: quizlet.com.

FOR TEACHERS: You may email, post or print out and give this guide to students and parents.

Modification of this guide should be only in format or general guidelines, not substantial content.

There are many review activities that you can do with your students within class, including quiz-

bowl -style reviews. You can assign the pertinent “Crack the Code” to students or use other tools

through your TCI subscription. The review guide is intended for students to help themselves study,

not provide a definitive re-teaching of everything you have worked so hard at teaching and your

students have worked so hard at learning this semester. Model in the classroom the kind of

questions that students can write for themselves, and give support to students to then write their

own.

HCPS M/J Ancient World History Semester 1 Review 15-16 (SAL reviewed)

1

Content Notes/Make a question Vocabulary/Key Ideas/Related Ideas

S

Identify and use basic world map components.

Which feature would most often be shown on a political map?

A. capital cities B. elevation C. topography D. type of climate

Based on this map, on which continent did humans first appear?

A. Africa B. Asia C. Europe D. North America

Which feature would most likely appear on a physical map?

A. climatic patterns B. land usage patterns C. mountain ranges D. population densities

Compass rose, scale, key/legend, symbols, latitude, longitude, coordinates, parallels,

meridians, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Equator, Prime Meridian


2

Of the seven continents on earth, which two are located entirely within the southern hemisphere?

A. Africa and Australia B. Asia and Antarctica C. Asia and Australia D. Australia and Antarctica

What would most likely be included in a description of an area’s physical geography?

A. customs and traditions B. distribution of goods and services C. landforms of continents and currents of

oceans D. systems of government

S

Interpret maps representing the areas of study in the Ancient World, including Fertile Crescent,

current Middle East, Egypt and Greece

Which type of map would be most helpful in verifying the bullet points above?

A. climate B. land use C. political D. population density

What was one reason for the development of an early civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys?

A. These rivers flowed into the Mediterranean Sea. B. The location protected the people from land

invasion. C. Periodic flooding left rich soil, which was ideal for

farming. D. These rivers provided a direct trade route

between Europe and Asia.

Importance of location of settlement near rivers for agriculture, coasts for trade, or high

ground for protection


3

What geographic feature had the greatest influence on the development of ancient civilizations?

A. dense forests B. mountain passes C. river valleys D. smooth coastlines

S

Distinguish between primary and secondary Sources

Which document is an example of a primary source?

A. a diary of a Holocaust survivor B. an encyclopedia article on Songhai Culture C. a novel on the Age of Discovery D. a text on Latin American history

S Distinguish between fact and opinion.

S Use GRAPES acronym as a concept organizer to describe civilizations (GRAPES organizer is appended to this document at the end).

C

Describe man before civilization in a state of nature.

What would be the best title for the chart? A. Post-Neolithic Man / Farmers B. Man and Technology / Miners C. Post-Neolithic Man / Farmers D. Man in a State of Nature / Hunter-Gatherers

Chaos or small, loosely defined units of people; competition, lack of protection


4

C

Describe the beginnings of agriculture and its importance in allowing man to make

permanent settlements.

Which development MOST enabled early peoples to form permanent settlements?

A. advances in agricultural production B. advances in written language C. the creation of democratic government D. the spread of monotheism

Stable food supply, nomadic, subsistence agriculture, hunter-gatherer, collaboration

C

Identify the different requirements to establish a civilization.

Which heading best completes the partial outline above?

A. Causes for the Neolithic Revolution B. Characteristics of Civilizations C. Examples of Early Technology D. Results of Cultural Diversity

What MUST a society have before they can develop towns and cities?

A. an agricultural surplus B. a democratic government C. an educational system D. a writing system

A civilization is a society with cities, a central government, workers who specialize in

certain jobs leading to social classes, that has religion, writing, art and architecture.

There is no civilization without agriculture – societies need a stable food supply before

they can develop.

C

Describe the evolution of society from chaos to common good.

How did the Code of Hammurabi contribute to the development of civilization?

A. publicly recording laws for all to see B. enforcing a democratic political system C. banning all forms of physical punishment D. mandating equal treatment of slaves and

citizens

Chaos, Collaboration, Conflict, Command, Common Good, state of nature, popular

sovereignty


5

C

Explain the ideas of the philosopher Hobbes that man gives up some freedoms in exchange

for the protection of other freedoms.

Based on your knowledge of social contract theory, what is the man getting in exchange for giving up some of his personal freedom and entering into civil society?

A. extension of the state of nature B. responsibility only for his own family C. a community existing for mutual protection D. competition with all other members of that

society

Social Contract theory

C

Describe how law developed from a society’s attempt to create order to provide protection.

What is an additional benefit when entering into civil society?

A. freedom of religion B. predetermined fate C. rules and order D. social welfare

Hammurabi’s Code


6

C

Explain how the development of written communication is related to the development of

civilizations

In what element of civilization are the development of cuneiform and hieroglyphics important accomplishments?

A. agricultural production B. religious beliefs C. representative government D. written language

Cuneiform, hieroglyphics, scribes, Rosetta Stone

C

Explain the social and power structure of early civilizations.

Using what you know about ancient Egyptian social hierarchy, what level on the pyramid would be labeled "Priests and Nobles"?

A. A B. B C. C D. D

For which role in ancient Egyptian civilization did the responsibilities include measuring the rise of the river, forecasting the size of the harvest, and supervising trade?

A. judge B. priest C. scribe D. slave

Hierarchy, social pyramid, ruler, pharaoh


7

S

Use GRAPES to describe Ancient Egyptian civilization.

See the GRAPES outline at end of guide to help

you.

C

Analyze importance of and lasting contributions of Ancient Egyptian civilization and its rulers

over time.

Which was built as a demonstration of the ruler's power as a deity on earth?

A. Assyrian king and his lighthouse B. Egyptian pharaoh and his pyramid C. Greek tyrant and the Parthenon D. Hebrew king and the Temple

Some ancient Egyptian statues portray pharaohs as sphinxes, beings with a human head and lion body. What does this fact imply about ancient Egyptian culture?

A. Ancient Egyptian sculpting technique required a variety of tools.

B. Ancient Egyptians used animal imagery to express traits such as strength.

C. Art was only used in Ancient Egypt to honor the greatness of pharaohs.

D. It was forbidden to show the features of a pharaoh in Ancient Egyptian art.

Tut, Hatshepsut, Ramses, theocracy, divine right, pyramids, mythology, writing and

record keeping, mummification.

S

Use GRAPES to describe Ancient Greek civilization.

Use GRAPES outline to help you. City-state,

Sparta, Athens, Minoa,

C

Describe how physical geography the development of different city-states.

In geographical terms, how can the land of Greece be classified?

A. continent B. island C. isthmus

Terrain, polis, sea, island


8

D. peninsula What effect did the geography of ancient Greece have on its early development?

A. A lack of natural seaports limited communication.

B. An inland location hindered trade and colonization.

C. Abundant natural resources encouraged self-sufficiency.

D. Mountainous terrain led to the creation of independent city-states.

What is the definition of a polis?

A. a small city-state B. a period of great achievements C. a marketplace where goods were traded D. a high hill on which a fortress was often built

C

Compare and contrast society of Athens vs. Sparta

What would have been the most serious negative effect in Sparta if its army had become weak?

A. Soldiers would leave Sparta to fight elsewhere.

B. Slaves could have staged a successful rebellion.

C. Boys from Sparta would have lost their courage.

D. Spartan women would have had to join the army.

Athens, Sparta, military vs artistic, authoritative vs. participatory, treatment of

women, slaves, children


9

Based on the quotation, what does Pericles think is valued in Athenian society?

A. civic responsibility B. economic opportunity C. military discipline D. religious freedom

Read the passage and answer the question below.

Spartan women also received physical training. Like the men, they learned how to run, jump, wrestle, and throw javelins.

What conclusion can be drawn about Spartan women from this description?

A. They disliked sports or exercise. B. They mainly ran their households. C. They did not enjoy their daily life. D. They were mostly strong and healthy.

C

Describe the development of early democracy in Athens.

What does the term democracy mean?

A. rule of the few B. rule of the people C. rule of the leaders D. rule of the powerful

Direct v. Representative democracy, assembly, agora, duties of citizens


10

In what city-state did democracy start in ancient Greece?

A. Athens B. Delphi C. Rome D. Troy

In which form of government could all citizens participate directly in the government?

A. democracy B. monarchy C. oligarchy D. tyranny

In which form of government is power concentrated in just a few rulers?

A. democracy B. monarchy C. oligarchy D. tyranny

What term would complete the sequence of the development of government in ancient Greece?

A. Anarchy B. Regency C. Society D. Tyranny


11

What is the term for a person who has certain rights and responsibilities in a city-state or nation?

A. artisan B. citizen C. republican D. slave

C

Analyze importance of and lasting contributions of Ancient Greek civilization and its rulers over

time.

What can you infer about the ancient Greeks based upon their achievements?

A. The ancient Greeks valued philosophy and art. B. The ancient Greeks were most interested in

farming. C. The ancient Greeks most valued warfare and

battle. D. The ancient Greeks felt that literature was

pointless. Which statement best describes the importance of early Greek philosophers?

A. They helped Greek people make daily household decisions.

B. They described why gods and goddesses should be worshipped.

C. They identified which events were clearly the work of the gods.

D. They promoted using the human mind to think and understand.

Which statement best summarizes the lasting importance of the many achievements of ancient Greece?

A. They strongly shaped Western civilization. B. They helped Greece become a military power. C. They showed the curiosity of the Greek mind. D. They showed their superiority over the Spartans.

Philosophy, Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, Medicine, Hippocrates, mathematics,

Pythagoras, Euclid, democracy


12

The Hippocratic Oath involved the concept of "first, do no harm". Hippocrates was most influential in what contribution of the ancient Greeks?

A. government B. literature C. medicine

D. philosophy C

Explain examples of cultural diffusion –the idea that as civilizations spread or take over through aggression, they may adopt or include elements

of other cultures like religion, language, agricultural practices, or artistic influences.

Along with the Mycenaeans, which civilization helped shape ancient Greek culture?

A. Acropolits B. Hellenists C. Minoans D. Ottomans

Alexander the Great brought Greek customs to new parts of the world, which caused the spread of what culture?

A. Hellenistic B. Spartan C. Socratic D. Trojan

What event is described in this table?

A. Ionian Crusade B. Minoan Campaign C. Peloponnesian War D. Trojan War

Phillip of Macedonia, Alexander the Great, Peloponnesian War, Persian War, Trojan War


13

This image is of Monticello, Thomas Jefferson's home he built in Virginia. Notice the unique design and columns at the front of the house. Answer the question below.

For what claim could this image provide evidence?

A. Virginia and ancient Greece have similar landscapes and climate.

B. Structures in Greek architecture were designed to withstand disasters.

C. Architects in colonial America and ancient Greece were paid for designs.

D. The leaders of the American Revolution were influenced by Greek civilization.

How did the rise to power and reign of Philip of Macedonia and his son, Alexander, MOST affect Greece?

A. They strengthened greatly the concept of democratic rule.

B. They made Macedonia into the intellectual center of the world.

C. They established a peaceful relationship with the Persian Empire.

D. They established a unified ended the power of the city-states and nation.


14

How did Philip of Macedonia easily conquer the Greeks?

A. The Spartans joined with Philip. B. The Greeks did not unite to fight Philip. C. Athens refused to send its navy to fight. D. The Greeks were at war with other invaders.

What evidence supports the claim that Alexander the Great used religion to inspire loyalty in his followers and the people he conquered?

A. Alexander gained the trust of Egyptians by visiting oracle sites, making sacrifices, and building temples in their honor.

B. Every society that was conquered was given the choice to worship the Greek gods or have its people sentenced to death.

C. The Greek army carried banners and flags that depicted Alexander as a god, which instilled fear in the people they fought.

D. The defeated Persians had to rename all their gods and goddesses after Greek heroes, gods, or members of Alexander's family.


15

GRAPES Concept Organizer

G--Geography

Where is the civilization?

What were some of the key geographical features or landforms in this area?

How did the location of this place affect its development?

How was movement a part of this civilization? What sort of crops can they grow? What natural resources do they have?

R--Religion

What rules did people have to follow? What factors contributed to the development of this religion or belief system? What do the people believe? How do their

rules and beliefs affect their lives? How did religion shape other aspects of this society/civilization?

A--Achievements

How did achievements contribute to the development of this civilization? What did they contribute to the world? How were these achievements related to the

needs of this civilization? What achievements are relevant today? How have they affected order in the world today? What did they invent?

P--Politics

What was their government like? What was the context that led to the development of these political ideas or practices? Who made the decisions in the society?

Who participated in government? Evaluate the benefits and limitations of these political structures and ideas. How are the political structures of today similar or

different from those of this civilization?

E--Economy

How did the society distribute their resources? Did they trade or use money? What did they sell or trade? What did they need to get from outside of their

civilization? Who and how was economy controlled?

S--Social Structure


16

What were their social class systems? Why did these social structures exist? Who benefited and who was harmed by these social structures? Who was considered

more important in their society? How did the social structure connect to this civilization’s religion, politics, and economics?

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