Otitis Media and Externa
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Transcript of Otitis Media and Externa
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Otitis Media is aninflammation and/orinfection of the middleear
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Chronic otitis media occurs when the eustachian tubebecomes blocked repeatedly due to allergies, multipleinfections, ear trauma, or swelling of the adenoids.
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Acute otitis media(acute ear infection)occurs when there is
bacterial or viralinfection of the fluid ofthe middle ear, which
causes production offluid or pus.
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Bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae
(pneumococcus), non typable Hemophilus influenzae and
Moraxella account for about 85% of cases of acute otitis
media. Viruses account for the remaining 15%. Affected
infants under six weeks of age tend to have infectionsfrom a variety of different bacteria in the middle ear.
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Children with AOM (acute otitismedia) usually present with a historyof rapid onset of signs and symptoms
such as ear Itching, pain, discharge,hearing loss, or crusting of the ear.
May be associated with fever.
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refers to an infection
of the ear canal (outer
ear), the tube leading
from the outside
opening of the ear intowards the ear drum. commonly
referred to as
swimmer's ear.
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Chronic (long-term)swimmer's ear can be caused
by a bacterial infection, a skin
condition (eczema or
seborrhea), fungus
(Aspergillosis), chronicirritation (such as from the use
of hearing aids, insertion of
cotton swabs, etc), allergy,
chronic drainage from middle
ear disease, tumors (rare), orit may simply follow from a
nervous habit of frequently
scratching the ear.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=64425http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6748http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6748http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=64425 -
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Malignant
otitis externa
is a disorder
involvinginflammation
and damage
of the bonesand cartilage
at the base of
the skull.
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Causes
: Swimming inpolluted water is a
common way to
contract swimmer'sear, but it is also
possible to contract
swimmer's ear from
water trapped in the
ear canal after a
shower, especially
in a humid climate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_swimminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_swimming -
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caused by streptococcus, staphylococcus,
orpseudomonastypes of bacteria
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Drainage from the ear- yellow,yellow-green, foul smelling,
persistent
Ear pain - felt deep inside the earand may get worse when moving
head
Hearing loss
Itching of the ear or ear canal
Fever
Trouble swallowing
Weakness in the face
Signs and Symtoms :
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003042.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003046.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003044.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003217.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003217.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003044.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003046.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003042.htm -
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Prevention:
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MODE OF TRANSMISSION:
Direct Transmission
IndirectTransmission
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AOM is defined by convention as the first 3
weeks of a process in which the middle ear
shows the signs and symptoms of acute
inflammation.
AOM is defined as the presence of fluid in
the middle ear with accompanyingconductive hearing loss and without
concomitant symptoms or signs of acuity.
OE is classified as sub acute when it
persists from 3 weeks to 3 months after theonset ofAOM and is classified as chronic
thereafter. Though painful, otitis media
is not threatening and usually heals on
its own within 26 weeks.
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1. Pain related to inflammation and pressure ontympanic membrane.
Give analgesic such as
acetaminophen. Use analgesiceardrops.
Have the child sit up, raise head on
pillows, or lie on unaffected ear.
Apply heating pad or warm hot
water bottle. Have the child chew gum or blow
on balloon to relieve pressure in
ear.
NURSING INTERVENTION:
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Treatment for the ear
infection If a person has an upper respiratory infection causing a lot of
congestion and swelling of membranes (including the
eustachian tube), medicines which dry up the congestion may
be helpful.
if there is only an ear infection without congestion or drainage,
decongestants and antihistamines are not helpful and should
not be used to avoid possible side effects (drowsiness,
jitteriness, blurred vision).
To ease the pain of an ear infection, your doctor may
recommend a pain reliever, typically acetaminophen or
ibuprofen, which also helps reduce a fever.
For severe infection, oral antiobiotics may be prescribed. If theotitis externa infection is caused by the presence of a foreign
body in the ear, the infection will not improve until the foreign
body is removed.
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Antibiotics are recommended in children under 6 months of ageas well as patients with severe illness.Drugs that are often used are as following:
Amoxicillin (80-90 mg/kg/d) (twice/day)
Amoxicillin/clavulinate (90 mg/kg/day of amoxicillin with 6.4mg/kg/d of clavulinate)
1-nasal drop.2-dry heat to the ear.3-analgesic as aspirin or paracetamol.4-antibiotics.
Treatment for the ear infection
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Alternatives for personswith penicillin allergy:
Cefdinir (once/day) Cefurxime Cefpodoxime Azithromycin (once/day)
Clarithromycin Ceftriaxone (once/day)
If treatment fails at 48-72
hours switch to higher doseof antibiotics, such asceftriaxone or clindamycin
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