OTHER GROUPS DURING THE AGE OF JACKSON

Immigration Until 1850, most

immigrants coming to America came from northern and western Europe Especially Ireland and

Germany Many of the Germans were

Jewish as well Scandinavians, Dutch, Swiss,

and English also large groups Settled in the North and

West because of economic opportunities in those areas

At this point there weren’t many restrictions on immigration because of the need for workers in industry

Characteristics of Immigration

Reasons for Immigrations Between 1845 and 1850, millions of Irish came

to the US because of the potato famine (mass starvation due to failure of potato crop)

German came seeking peace after the failed revolution of 1848

Most came for better economic possibilities Areas of Settlement

Irish stayed in northeastern cities Many Germans went west to start farms

(Scandinavians as well)

Characteristic continued

Problems These new immigrants faced hostility from “native”

Americans Feared economic competition Some resented the immigrants Catholic or Jewish religions

(country was mostly Protestant) Strong Nativism developed which was an anti-immigrant

feeling People started the “Know Nothing” party to support a nativist

program Wanted to restrict immigration

Contributions Irish workers helped build the railroads and worked in the

northern factories Germans and Scandinavians brought new farming

techniques and new ideas on education

Native Americans

As American settlers kept moving west in the 1800s it led to increased conflict with Native Americans

N.A.s tried different ways to save their land and culture In early 1800s two Shawnee brothers, Prophet and

Tecumseh, started a Pan-Indian movement but it died with Was of 1812

Seneca named Handsome Lake urged the Iroquois to adopt lifestyle of temperance, education, farming, and pease – called cultural revitalization

1813 Creeks attacked settlers in Georgia and Alabama but were defeated at Horseshoe Bend, Alabame Opened up the southwest to settlement

Cherokees tried to use cultural adaptation to survive Combined elements of Native American and European

culture, such as a written constitution.

Removal Policy

Federal government tried treaties and force to move N.A.s west of the Mississippi Treaties were scams because N.A.s were forced to give

up land promised by previous treaties In 1830s Jackson began his removal policy to get

them to go west of the Mississippii In 1832, the Cherokee took Georgia to court to prevent

them from taking their land Worcester v. Georgia

Marshall ruled that Georgia had no authority in matter In 1838 the Army put the Cherokee on a forced march known as

the Trail of Tears The Seminole in Florida also fought removal

Fought the Second Seminole War Many stayed in Florida

By 1840s, only few groups of N.A.s still lived in East