Other chemical defense
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Other chemical defense Bees: Stingers Isoamyl Acetate Ants: Formic acid
description
Other chemical defense. Bees: Stingers Isoamyl Acetate Ants: Formic acid. Actually, at least 11 hypotheses have been proposed. T. Caro has observed more than 200 occasions in response to cheetahs: stotting gazelles have never been seen to be caught. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Other chemical defense
Other chemical defense
Bees: StingersIsoamyl Acetate
Ants: Formic acid
Actually, at least 11 hypotheses have been proposed.
T. Caro has observed more than 200 occasions in response to cheetahs: stotting gazelles have never been seen to be caught.
gazelles stott to proclaim to the cheetah that it has been detected and no longer has surprise in its favor.
Cheetahs often do give up after stotting.
Adaptive anti predator behaviors
Alarm calls
leopard bark
eagle cough
snake chutter
Altruistic defense behaviors in vervet monkeys
The rewards of social livingFlock vigilance, dilution effects and selfish herds
Vigilance
Flock vigilance: 2 eyes are better than oneDilution effects: you cant eat us allSelfish herds: surround yourself with food
Vigilance behavior can be conditional on risk
House sparrows chirp (attracting) more when risk is lowIs this a selfish behavior?
Dilution effects in may flies
Cicadas use dilution effect
Dilution effect: While living in a group may attract more predators the net individual risk is reduced
Whirligig beetles
Selfish herds; surround yourself with food
