OT Practice November 26 Issue

reg

The Gaps and

paThways projecT

Meeting the Driving and Community Mobility Needs

of OT Clients

AOTA T H E A M E R I C A N O C C U P A T I O N A L T H E R A P Y A S S O C I A T I O N

NOVEMBER 26 2012

PLUS

Emerging OT Practice in Developing NationsMotor Vehicle Accident PreventionRevising the Practice FrameworkNews Capital Briefing amp More

CE ARTICLE

Collaborative Intraprofessional Education With Occupational Therapy and Occupational Therapy Assistant Students

P-6167

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With style like this you might overlook how we also make life easierLife is all about change And Lowersquos can help your home change along with it ndash with the latest solutions to enhance your homersquos safety style and livability See the store near you visit LowescomMobility or call 1-800-GO-LOWES (465-6937)

1

AOTA bull THE AMERICAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOCIATIONV O L U M E 1 7 bull I S S U E 2 1 bull N O V E M B E R 2 6 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 2

FEATURES

The Gaps and 9 Pathways ProjectMeeting the Driving and Community Needs of Our Occupational Therapy ClientsElin Schold Davis and Anne Dickerson describe new efforts to provide occupational therapy practitioners with expanded guidance for helping clients with driving

Going Global 14in GuatemalaSupporting Emerging Occupational Therapy Practice in Developing NationsSteve Taff and Catherine Hoyt discuss Washington Universityrsquos Occupational Therapy Program work with universities clinics and other health care facilities in Guatemala

DEPARTMENTSNews 2

Capital Briefing 5Medicare CY2013 Fee Schedule Final Rule New Requirements for Outpatient Therapy

Practice Perks 6Revising the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework

In the Clinic 7Reaching Beyond Clinic Walls Motor Vehicle Accident Prevention

Tech Talk 20Tech Support for the Emotional Regulation Needs of Children and Adolescents With Autism

Social Media Spotlight 22Updates From OT Connections Instagram Facebook and Twitter

Calendar 23Continuing Education Opportunities

Employment Opportunities 28

Questions and Answers 32Elaine Adams

OT PRACTICE bull NOVEMBER 26 2012

bull Discuss OT Practice articles at wwwOTConnectionsorg in the OT Practice Magazine Public Forumbull Send e-mail regarding editorial content to otpracticeaotaorg bull Go to wwwaotaorgotpractice to read OT Practice online bull Visit our Web site at wwwaotaorg for contributor guidelines and additional news and information

CE ArticleCollaborative Intraprofessional Education With Occupational Therapy and Occupational Therapy Assistant Students Earn 1 AOTA CEU (1 contact hour or 125 NBCOT professional develop-ment units) with this creative approach to independent learning

OT Practice serves as a comprehensive source for practical information to help occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants to succeed professionally OT Practice encourages a dialogue among members on professional concerns and views The opinions and positions expressed by contributors are their own and not necessarily those of OT Practicersquos editors or AOTA

Advertising is accepted on the basis of conformity with AOTA standards AOTA is not responsible for statements made by advertisers nor does acceptance of advertising imply endorsement official attitude or position of OT Practicersquos editors Advisory Board or The American Occupational Therapy Association Inc For inquiries contact the advertising department at 800-877-1383 ext 2715

Changes of address need to be reported to AOTA at least 6 weeks in advance Members and subscribers should notify the Membership department Copies not delivered because of address changes will not be replaced Replacements for copies that were damaged in the mail must be requested within 2 months of the date of issue for domestic subscribers and within 4 months of the date of issue for foreign subscribers Send notice of address change to AOTA 4720 Montgomery Lane Suite 200 Bethesda MD 20814-3449 e-mail to membersaotaorg or make the change at our Web site at wwwaotaorg

Back issues are available prepaid from AOTArsquos Membership department for $16 each for AOTA members and $2475 each for nonmembers (US and Canada) while supplies last

Chief Operating Officer Christopher Bluhm

Director of Communications Laura Collins

Director of Marketing Beth Ledford

Editor Ted McKenna

Associate Editor Andrew Waite

CE Articles Editor Maria Elena E Louch

Art Director Carol Strauch

Production Manager Sarah Ely

Director of Sales amp Corporate Relations Jeffrey A Casper

Sales Manager Tracy Hammond

Advertising Assistant Clark Collins

Ad inquiries 800-877-1383 ext 2715 or e-mail salesaotaorg

OT Practice External Advisory Board

Donna Costa Chairperson Education Special Interest Section

Michael J Gerg Chairperson Work amp Industry Special Interest Section

Dottie Handley-More Chairperson Early Intervention amp School Special Interest Section

Kim Hartmann Chairperson Special Interest Sections Council

Gavin Jenkins Chairperson Technology Special Interest Section

Tracy Lynn Jirikowic Chairperson Developmental Disabilities Special Interest Section

Sharon Kurfuerst Chairperson Administration amp Management Special Interest Section

Teresa A May-Benson Chairperson Sensory Integration Special Interest Section

Lauro A Munoz Chairperson Physical Disabilities Special Interest Section

Linda M Olson Chairperson Mental Health Special Interest Section

Regula Robnett Chairperson Gerontology Special Interest Section

Tracy Van Oss Chairperson Home amp Community Health Special Interest Section

AOTA President Florence Clark

Executive Director Frederick P Somers

Chief Public Affairs Officer Christina Metzler

Chief Financial Officer Chuck Partridge

Chief Professional Affairs Officer Maureen Peterson

copy 2012 by The American Occupational Therapy Association Inc

OT Practice (ISSN 1084-4902) is published 22 times a year semimonthly except only once in January and December by The American Occupational Therapy Association Inc 4720 Montgomery Lane Suite 200 Bethesda MD 20814-3449 301-652-2682 Periodical postage is paid at Bethesda MD and at additional mailing offices

US Postmaster Send address changes to OT Practice AOTA 4720 Montgomery Lane Suite 200 Bethesda MD 20814-3449

Canadian Publications Mail Agreement No 41071009 Return Undeliverable Canadian Addresses to PO Box 503 RPO West Beaver Creek Richmond Hill ON L4B 4R6

Mission statement The American Occupational Therapy Asso-ciation advances the quality availability use and support of occupational therapy through standard-setting advocacy edu-cation and research on behalf of its members and the public

Annual membership dues are $225 for OTs $131 for OTAs and $75 for student members of which $14 is allocated to the subscription to this publication Subscriptions in the US are $14250 for individuals and $21650 for institutions Subscrip-tions in Canada are $20525 for individuals and $26250 for institutions Subscriptions outside the US and Canada are $310 for individuals and $365 for institutions Allow 4 to 6 weeks for delivery of the first issue

Copyright of OT Practice is held by The American Occupational Therapy Association Inc Written permission must be obtained from the Copyright Clearance Center to reproduce or photo-copy material appearing in this magazine Direct all requests and inquiries regarding reprinting or photocopying material from OT Practice to wwwcopyrightcom

COVER ILLUSTRATIONS copy TOTLAND amp WOODCOCK ISTOCKPHOTO

2 NOVEMBER 26 2012 bull WWWAOTAORG

N e w sAssociation updatesprofession and industry news

AOTA News

Call for Spring RA Motions

want to become an active participant in your ldquoCongressrdquo the Repre-

sentative Assembly (RA) Give thought to the professional issues you encounter and draft motions that you would like to be considered by the RA at its spring meeting in San Diego Specific instructions on how to write motions are found at wwwaotaorggovernancera Contact any of the RA officials or your representative(s) for advice on whether your idea should be a motion and to discuss appropriate topics and issues for policy changes For the names(s) of the officials or your representative(s) go to the Members section of AOTArsquos Web site and click on Get InvolvedGovernance then Representative Assembly for the RA Roster Alternatively you can call AOTA at 800-SAY-AOTA (729-2682) ext 2103 or contact Laurel Radley at lradleyaotaorg for assis-tance The deadline for submit-ting motions to be considered at the RA Spring Meeting is January 1 2013

Older Driver Safety Awareness Week Just Ahead

aOTArsquos upcoming Older Driver Safety Awareness Week from December 3

to 7 promotes the importance of safe mobility and transpor-tation for ensuring that older adults remain active in the communitymdashshopping work-ing or volunteeringmdashwith the

confidence that transportation will not be a barrier to indepen-dence Throughout the week AOTA will bring attention to a different aspect of older driver safety Go to wwwaotaorgold er-driverawareness for more

Upcoming Chat

a OTA will host a pediatric virtual chat on Common Core Standards Role

for Occupational Therapy on December 10 at 1100 am EST To participate and view chat archives visit wwwtalkshoecomtc73733

Call for Papers Issued for AOTArsquos Education Summit

a OTA invites educators scholars postprofessional graduate students and cli-

nicians who share the common vision of enhanced understand-ing of teaching and learning in occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant degree programs to submit a proposal for presentation at the upcoming Education Summit to be held in Atlanta from Octo-ber 4 to 5 2013

Submissions are due Jan-uary 15 2013 For additional information e-mail specialty-conferenceaotaorg or visit wwwaotaorgconfandeventseducation-summit

Industry News

Manual Medical Review

The Centers for Medicare amp Medicaid Services (CMS) recently held open door

forums for providers related to manual medical review for

outpatient therapy Informa-tion provided on these calls (including therapy documen-tation guidelines and clarifying supervision requirements) can be found on CMSrsquos Web site (wwwcmsgov) by searching ldquoopen door forumsrdquo On the October 22 call CMS leadership and contractor representatives addressed some of the ongoing problems with the pre-approval process but not all of the issues that providers and associa-tionsndashndashincluding AOTAndashndashhave reported For more check out the article on manual medical review in the Advocacy News section of AOTArsquos Web site

Pictures Worth $1000

The World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT) has announced

its inaugural online photograph competition WFOT is asking practitioners to capture images of their work around the world The competition will run until May 15 2013 with prizes totaling $1000 available for 1st 2nd and 3rd place winners For more on the competition including access to a download-able promotional poster visit wwwwfotphotoscom

Grant Supports UTEP Graduate Students

The University of Texas at El Pasorsquos College of Health Sciences has been awarded

a Health Resources and Ser-vices Administration (HRSA) grant that will be used to provide financial support to the schoolrsquos occupational therapy graduate students

The Master of Occupational Therapy program will receive a 1-year allocation of $604925 from the US Department of Health and Human Servicesrsquo HRSA Scholarships for Disad-vantaged Students program

OT4OT Archives Posted

M issed out on the Online Technology for Occupa-tional Therapy (OT4OT)

webinars Thatrsquos OK The con-tent is still accessible at httpot4otcomot24vx2012 Topics range from cultural balance to sensory integration and crafts occupations

Resources

Research Webinars

Interested in research andor education Check out the free webinar on ldquoCareer

Explorations OT Professor or Researcherrdquo led by Susan Lin ScD OTRL AOTArsquos director of Research and available at httpvimeocom49859468 Those interested in this webi-nar might also appreciate a free webinar developed by the Cen-ter for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research with the support of the Retirement Research Foundation that discusses issues related to using outcome measures in geriatric rehabilita-tion The webinar can be found at wwwrehabmeasuresorgrehabwebresourcesaspx

ADRC Grants Available

health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Kath-leen Sebelius recently

announced $125 million in

3OT PRACTICE bull NOVEMBER 26 2012

awards to Aging and Disability Resource Centers (ADRCs) to help older Americans and peo-ple with disabilities stay inde-pendent and receive long-term services and supports Occu-pational therapy practitioners may be interested in taking an active role in their local ADRCs which are designed to make it easier for state and local govern-ments to manage resources and monitor program quality through coordinated data collection and evaluation efforts For more information about the grants recipients and the ADRC initiative see wwwhhsgov newspress2012pres092012 0911chtml

Childhood Neuromuscular Disorders Web Site

a OTA partnered with the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionrsquos

National Task Force for Early identification of Childhood Neuromuscular Disorders to create a new Web site wwwchildmuscleweaknessorg The Web site is meant to increase cliniciansrsquo awareness of periph-eral neuromuscular disease as a cause of developmental delay in young children AOTA contributed a range of informa-tion of interest to occupational therapy clinicians and educa-tors including videos of normal motor development as well as red and yellow signs of muscle weakness by age why early diagnosis makes a difference and suggestions for effective communication with families

Intersections

n Chris Davis director of AOTA Press recently attended the Center for Association Leader-shiprsquos 2012 Healthcare Associa-tions Conference in Chicago

n Kathleen Klein MS OTR BCP AOTArsquos director of Con-

tinuing Education attended the National Academies of Practice conference on Patient-Cen-tered Care Working Together in an Interprofessional World in Cleveland The conference included sessions that dis-cussed practice and policy issues related to interprofes-sional collaboration in health care environments Conference sessions explored best practices that promote collaboration between health care team mem-bers to ensure quality outcomes for clients Interprofessional collaboration is a topic under discussion by AOTArsquos Future of Education ad hoc committee and was also an important topic at the 2012 AOTA Program DirectorsAcademic Fieldwork Coordinators Meeting

n Sandra Schefkind MS OTRL AOTArsquos Pediatric coordinator presented at the Annual Conference on Advanc-ing School Mental Health in Salt Lake City Utah

n Susan Lin ScD OTRL AOTArsquos director of Research recently attended the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) workshop in Washington DC on patient engagement PCORIrsquos goal is to increase patient involvement in research by awarding nearly $50 million in grants to research projects that are not only patient-driven but also mandate patient participa-tion as part of the process Occu-pational therapy practitioners and their clients are encouraged to submit research questions to PCORI by visiting wwwpcoriorg PCORI is also looking for stakeholders (ie patients clini-cians) to serve on review panels and evaluate grant applications For more visit wwwpcoriorgget-involvedreviewers

n Deborah Yarett Slater MS OTL FAOTA AOTArsquos staff liaison to the Ethics Commis-sion and the Bylaws Policies and Procedures Committee represented AOTA at the

a o T a B u l l e T I N B o a r d

QuestionsPhone 800-SAY-AOTA (members)301-652-AOTA (nonmembers and local callers)TDD 800-377-8555 Ready to orderBy Phone 877-404-AOTA Online httpstoreaotaorg Enter Promo Code BB

Driving and Community Mobility for Older Adults Occupational Therapy Roles Revision(ADED-APPROVED ONLINE COURSE)S L Pierce amp E S DavisEarn 6 AOTA CEU (75 NBCOT PDUs6 contact hours)

This updated course will advance your knowledge about driving

and community mobility Content will enable occupational therapists at both the generalist and specialist levels to determine older driver risks recommend that driving cease or resume help provide transpor-tation options and alternative forms of community mobility and build a network of services from multiple disciplines$180 for members $255 for nonmembers Order OL33 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=OL33

Ethics Topicmdash Organizational Ethics Occupational Therapy Practice in a Complex Health Environment(CEonCDtrade)L C Brandt amp AOTA Ethics CommissionEarn 1 AOTA CEU (125 NBCOT PDUs1 contact hour)

This course material explores ethical conflicts that may

arise between practitioners who are organizational employees and autonomous health care providers Participants will learn strategies to assist in addressing situations in which occupational therapy practitioners may be pressured by an organizationrsquos administration to provide services that conflict with their personal or professional code of ethics$45 for members $65 for non-members Order 4841 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4841

OUTSTANDINGRESOURCES

FROM

ContinuingEducation

Linking Research Education amp Practice

OT-DORA Occupational Therapy Driver Off-Road Assessment BatteryC A Unsworth J F Pallant K J Russell amp M Odell

OT-DORA Battery is a unique user-friendly and conve-

nient collection of assessments that allows efficient evaluation of an individualrsquos cog-nitive perceptual behavioral phys-ical and sensory skills and abilities

that are related to driving prior to an on-road assessment $99 for members $140 for non-members Order 1261 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=1261

Culture and Occupation A Model of Empowerment in Occupational TherapyR M Black amp S A Wells

This book emphasizes the role that culture and cultural compe-

tence play in occupational therapy The Cultural Competency Model

introduced in this book helps clini-cians educators researchers and students develop self-awareness and the concept

of power attain cultural knowledge and improve cross-cultural skills$55 for members $79 for non-members Order 1241 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=1241

Bulletin Board is written by Amanda Fogle AOTA marketing specialist


American Academy of Family of Physiciansrsquo Scientific Assembly in Philadelphia Jeffrey Casper AOTArsquos director of Sales and Jean E Polichino OTR MS FAOTA senior director of the Therapy Services Division and ECI Keep Pace repre-sented AOTA at the American Academy of Pediatrics Annual Conference and Exhibition in New Orleans Carol Siebert MS OTRL FAOTA represented AOTA at the National Associa-tion of Homecare and Hospicersquos Annual Meeting and Exposi-tion in Orlando Florida Karen Smith OT CAPS attended the Rebuilding Together National Conference in Orlando and was invited to the Business-to-Busi-ness symposium as part of the conference AOTA had a booth at each of these conferences to help educate these particular audiences on the value of our profession

Practitioners in the News

n Cynthia S Bell PhD OTRL associate professor and Megan Edwards PhD OTRL assistant professor recently completed the Winston-Salem State Uni-versity Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning Master Teacher program and were awarded certificates designat-ing them as ldquomaster teachersrdquo This was the inaugural year of the program which focuses on attending numerous educa-tional sessions centered on teaching and pedagogy

n Danielle Butin MPH OTRL appeared on Katie Katie Couricrsquos TV show and discussed leaving a corporate career for a more rewarding life as an occupational therapist Butin works to provide med-ical equipment to developing countries

n Sarah Nielsen PhD OTRL assistant professor in the Department of Occupa-tional Therapy at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences was honored as the 2012 Occu-pational Therapist of the Year by the North Dakota Occu-pational Therapy Association (NDOTA) Rebecca Polansky a University of North Dakota graduate student in occupa-tional therapy was named 2012 Occupational Therapy Student of the Year by the NDOTA

n Judith Rothenstein-Putzer MS OTRL was recently spotlighted in the Jewish News of Greater Phoenix (wwwjewishazcomissuesstorymv120831+medium) for her transition from being an occupational therapist to an artist and incorporating art as a treatment modality

n Carolyn F Sithong MS OTRL SCEM CAPS founded the Central Florida Aging in Place Chapter which recently hosted its 5th annual Aging in Place Educational Summit in Maitland Florida The chapter is meant to bridge communication gaps between local builders senior service providers and health care professionals This yearrsquos summit highlighted the importance of collaboration to concretely change the way homes and communities are designed as well as how to develop strategic plans within the aging-in-place service areas so that services are readily available for seniors who choose to remain in their homes More than 100 people attended the summit including 25 occu-pational therapists

Andrew Waite is the associate editor

of OT Practice magazine He can be

reached at awaiteaotaorg

Edited by Mary Jo McGuire MS OTRL FAOTA and Elin Schold Davis OTRL CDRS

Earn 2 AOTA CEUs (25 NBCOT PDUs20 contact hours)

The range of issues for driving and community mobility is vast and can extend across the lifespan This course provides strategies to address community and driving across occupational therapy practice areas and settings including

bull administration and management

bull schools

bull acute care hospitals

bull rehabilitation centers

bull skilled nursing facilities and

bull outpatient clinics

It also provides techniques to work with clients with various disabilities or difficulties including developmental physical sensory processing vision and mental health

Order 3031 AOTA Membes $259 Nonmembers $359

ISBN 978-1-56900-335-0

To order call 877-404-AOTA or shop online athttpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=3031

CE-254

Driving and Community Mobility Occupational Therapy Strategies Across the Lifespan

NEW Self-Paced

Clinical Course

he Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (MCTR-JCA) made a number of changes to the Medicare Part B outpatient therapy landscape Changes for next calendar year are reflected in the Centers for Medicare amp Medicaid Services (CMS) CY

2013 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Final Rule which was released Novem-ber 1 2012

The Outpatient Therapy Cap The Medi-care Economic Index is used to deter-mine the outpatient therapy cap amount for every calendar year As announced in the final rule the therapy cap amount for CY 2013 is $1900 for occupational therapy and $1900 for physical therapy and speech-language pathology com-bined (an increase from the 2012 level of $1880) The exceptions process to the therapy cap expires December 31 2012 but AOTA is working hard to extend the process through next year

Functional Data Collection CMS first proposed its plan to comply with MCTRJCA language by instituting a claims-based functional data collection process in July 2012 Under the final rule practitioners furnishing outpatient therapy services are required to include new nonpayable ldquoG-codesrdquo and modifi-ers on claim forms for therapy services beginning in 2013 The G-codes would be used by the provider to identify the primary issue being addressed by therapy (see Figure 1) A scale of seven modifiers would indicate the complexity of the patient (ie their impairmentlimitationrestriction) and would be used to track functional change over time (see Table 1) This final scale is reduced and simplified as per AOTA request from the original 12 proposed modifiers

Although reporting will begin on Janu-ary 1 2013 in accordance with the autho-rizing statute the first 6 months of the year will be a testing period during which providers can acclimate to the change After July 1 2013 CMS will reject claims that do not include the required G-codes and modifiers The professionals required to report these data on the claim form include occupational therapists physical therapists speech-language pathologists physicians and certain nonphysician pro-fessionals such as physician assistants nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists

More detailed information about data collection requirements may be found on the AOTA Web site in forthcoming guidance from CMS and its contractors and in the final rule itself We encourage providers to be as well-versed in these codes as possible before the start of 2013

OThER ELEMENTS OF ThE FINAL RULEMPPR Medicarersquos multiple procedure payment reduction (MPPR) policy for outpatient therapy pays in full for the CPT codeunit billed with the highest value and then applies a 20 to 25 cut to the practice expense of any second and subsequent codesunits The policy applies to all ldquoalways therapyrdquo service codes billed by a single Part B provider or institution for a single patient in a single day CMS confirmed in the final rule that these harmful cuts instituted in 2011 over objections from AOTA and our coalition partners will continue

PQRS Occupational therapists in private practice have been eligible to participate and receive Medicare incentive payments for meeting quality measure reporting requirements under the Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS) The incentive phase of the system is nearing an end and in order to avoid Medicare payment cuts beginning in 2015 occupational therapists in private practice should begin reporting on quality measures in 2013

AOTA will continue its active engage-ment in decision-making and rulemak-ing processes in order to protect and promote the practice of occupational therapy and the pathways to care for beneficiaries n

Jennifer hitchon JD MHA is counsel and director of

Regulatory Affairs for AOTA You may contact her

directly at jhitchonaotaorg

TMedicare CY2013 Fee Schedule Final Rule

New Requirements for Outpatient Therapy Jennifer hitchon


c a p I T a l B r I e f I N G

Figure 1 G-Code Categories

bull Mobility Walking amp Moving Around

bull Changing amp Maintaining Body Position

bull Carrying Moving amp Handling Objects

bull Self-Carebull Other PTOT

Functional Limitation

bull Other SLP Functional Limitation

bull Swallowingbull Motor Speechbull Spoken Language

Comprehensionbull Spoken Language

Expressionbull Attentionbull Memorybull Voice

Table 1 SeverityComplexity Modifiers Impairment Limitation Modifier Restriction CH 0 CI 1ndash19 CJ 20ndash39 CK 40ndash59 CL 60ndash79 CM 80ndash99 CN 100

Reaching Beyond Clinic Walls Motor Vehicle Accident Prevention

Claire M Mulry


I N T h e c l I N I c

onrsquot do what I did be care-ful You do not want to end up lying in a hospital bed in pain unable to walk wear-ing a diaper eating pureed slop drinking thickened liquids and wondering if your friends enjoyed grad-uationrdquo This is how Jack ends his talk to the driversrsquo

education class at the high school he attended a year earlier Jack tells the students how a year plus after his accident he is still in pain and needs another surgery His eventual goal of getting a job and living alone seems like a remote dream Mike shares how his parents heard about his accident on television before the police had a chance to call them to say what hos-pital he had been taken to He likes to show the video clip of the news story and pictures of his demolished car

Adele shares ldquoThe choices you make nowmdashto text talk on the phone change the CD speed drink before drivingmdashmay affect the rest of your life I had a million friends now I donrsquot have one Their lives go on without you they end up in a different place I now live on Medicaid they pay for me to stay in a nursing home and I get $35 a month for spending money That is it it is all I have for birthday presents movies cigarettesrdquo

Their audience sits in stunned silence some are even crying and then inevitably the questions begin rolling in and the discussion starts

This discussion happens in the driversrsquo education classes three times a year at a high school close to the JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute in Edison New Jersey The therapists at the Center for Head Injuries use a consultation and education model Inpatient and outpatient clients participate in an occupation-based

intervention as they commute to and present their stories at the school The participants change each quarter sadly there are always clients who have a story to tell ldquoIf my story can help one kid this nightmare will be worth itrdquo Mike states

This project allows therapists and clients to collaborate and extend occu-pational therapyrsquos therapeutic reach beyond a single client within the clinic walls to the clients of the high school and community Is there a potential to expand this program to a population level What do the numbers tell us

In 2005 4544 teens ages 16 to 19 died from motor vehicle crashes and an additional 400000 sustained injuries that required treatment in emergency rooms Young people ages 15 to 24 represent 21 of the US population1 However they account for 30 ($19 billion) of the total costs of motor vehicle injuries among males and 28 ($7 billion) of the total costs of motor vehicle injuries among females2 It is unclear if these numbers include the costs of rehabilitation and subsequent lifelong health care costs

The numbers do tell us the societal need for education exists Healthy People 2020 identifies motor vehicle injury prevention as a national health objective3 Does occupational therapy have a professional and moral respon-sibility to help prevent this extensive and costly social problem The clients who tell their stories the therapists who treat them and the students who hear their presentations offer a resounding yes

ldquoThat was realrdquo ldquoTheir stories are so painful how do they recoverrdquo and ldquoThank you thank you thank youmdashI will never forget you all and I will try to make smart choicesrdquo is just some of the student feedback received

In an effort to make a contribution to promoting health and participa-tion of people organizations and populations (teenage drivers) the occupational therapists created this education program in collaboration with an interdisciplinary team In the 9 years since its inception the program has grown from one to three quarterly dates each year with the clients telling their stories to nine different driv-

dldquo Does occupational therapy have a professional and moral responsibility to help prevent [motor vehicle injuries] The clients who tell their stories the therapists who treat them and students who hear their presentations offer a resounding yes

PHO

TOG

RA

PH copy

UPP

ERC

UT

IMA

GES

FO

TOSE

AR

CH


Jennifer Jones guided her 80-year-old mother into the occupational therapy clinic As a busy bank manager she was grateful this was the last occupational therapy visit It was difficult to take time off

but when her mother fell and broke her right wrist Jennifer made it a priority to get her the best care Because her mother lives alone Jennifer watched as the occupational therapist asked her mother to prepare coffee and toast in the therapy kitchen Although the objective was to ensure mom was able to use both hands functionally Jennifer noticed that she forgot to turn off the stove and prepared the toast with jelly instead of the butter as planned Thus when the occupational therapist sat with Jennifer and her mother to report that her physical recovery was good but the therapist had concerns about her momrsquos safety in the kitchen Jennifer could only agree ldquoI am also concerned about her drivingrdquo the occupational therapist told Jennifer ldquoDriving is a complex task just like cooking We may be seeing begin-ning safety issues with planning and scanning the environment which may increase risk for unsafe drivingrdquo

Jenniferrsquos mother immediately protested pointing out that she has never gotten a ticket and was a very safe driver Jennifer could not remember the last time she had driven with her mother and felt the weight of her care become overwhelming Understand-ing the impact that not driving would have on Jennifer and her mother the

occupational therapist was prepared to describe the services offered by a driver rehabilitation specialist offer helpful resources for exploring alter-native means of community mobility and reassure them both that regardless of the driving evaluation there would be assistance in meeting Mrs Smithrsquos mobility needs

PERSONAL AND PUBLIC SAFETYDriving and community mobility is an instrumental activity of daily liv-ing (IADL) included in the scope of practice for occupational therapy1 Just as illustrated with Jennifer and her mother occupational therapy practition-ers always need to extrapolate beyond the walls of the clinic to consider how clients will function in their home and community As practitioners working with older adults who intend to continue driving it is our ethical obligation to consider their safety with all ADLs and IADLs as well as public safety when it comes to the IADL of driving

Funded through a cooperative agreement with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHSTA) the intention of the Gaps and Pathways

Project is to provide applicable support to all occupational therapy settingsmdashspecifically providing expanded guid-ance for addressing the essential IADL of drivingmdashwith every client in a help-ful effective and efficient manner With the success of the Gaps and Pathways Project launched in 2011 we hope that all occupational therapy practitioners will answer ldquoyesrdquo when a client family member or physician asks Can you help me with my questions about driving

By understanding the current path-ways of driving and community mobil-ity servicesmdashparticularly the gaps in servicesmdashthe objective of the Gaps and Pathways Project is to build and expand programs Through direct service or referral pathways all practitioners will be empowered to address driving and community mobility with their clients For the medically-at-risk driver safe community mobility requires an indi-vidualized plan not just a check sheet with bus schedules or a list of volunteer driver numbers

NHTSArsquos Older Driver Program 5-year Strategic Plan (2012 to 2017) prioritizes projects that build commu-nication develop partnerships and

Funded through a cooperative agreement with the National highway Traffic Safety Administration the Gaps and Pathways Project will provide expanded guidance for occupational therapy practitioners helping clients with the instrumental activity of daily living of driving and community mobility

The Gaps and

paThways projecT


of OT ClientsELIN SChOLD DAVIS

ANNE DICKERSON

CO

VER

ILLU

STR

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copy T

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serve the driving and safety needs of older drivers and caregivers in their communities2 Occupational therapy is ideally positioned to address driving and community mobility as an IADL NHTSArsquos support through cooperative agreement funding and conference participation demonstrates a strong

affirmation of occupational therapyrsquos opportunity and duty to address older driver safety through pathways to direct service and referral to specialized programs This federal funding sup-ports resource development at little or no cost to programs and practitioners However the benefit to seniors depends

Figure 1 Examples of Developed Consensus Statements in Select Topics

Client Groupsn Self-report regarding driving capability

is often inaccurate therefore obser-vation of occupational performance is necessary

n Regardless of diagnosis evaluation and recommendations for optimal and safest community mobility should be provided

n Co-piloting in which a passenger is assisting the driver with tactical maneuvers (eg prompts for scanning obeying rules of the road) or operation-al aspects of driving (eg prompts for braking turn signaling) lacks sufficient evidence to recommend it as a strat-egy to improve fitness to drive This type of co-piloting is an indication that the client should stop active driving as verbal instructions are insufficient in a driving situation where a rapid response is required to prevent a crash Navigational assistance (eg verbal prompts about upcoming turns assistance with directions) may be helpful to all drivers and is not an indication of being unfit to drive

n An individual with a nonfunctional lower limb lower extremity prosthesis or orthotic on a lower limb used for operating a vehicle should be referred for a driving evaluation

Ethical n Driving is a high-volume high-risk

activity and the changing demograph-ics will result in increasing demand and opportunity for occupational therapy evaluation and recommenda-tions Occupational therapy practition-ers are obligated to follow the ethical principles as applicable to practice

Screening and Assessmentn A decision about continued restricted

or cessation of driving should never be made based on the results of one tool in isolation as there is not enough evidence from any one tool to make a decision

n Measurement tools that are developed specifically for a diagnostic group should be interpreted carefully when used with other diagnostic groups unless there is sufficient evidence supporting the use of the tool with this other group

By Andrew Waite

Topics at the Gaps and Pathways Project meeting held in March 2012 at AOTA headquarters in Bethesda Maryland included everything from terminology (eg at-risk drivers is now preferred over older drivers) to the need for better developed driving simulations The result is a

concise document meant to build an encyclopedia on driving rehabilitation Elin Schold Davis OTRL CDRS said the idea of the meeting was to craft statements

that can guide current practice and determine the research questions that can lead to future evidence-based practice

ldquoThis panel was about identifying the lsquolow-hanging fruitrsquo meaning those clients with compelling clinical evidence that indicates they are unsafe to driverdquo Schold Davis said ldquoThese consensus statements are a combination tapping the expertise of scientists who know the research and clinician experts who know what they see working in practice to form guidance statements allowing practice to move forward as the evidence is published With this guidance therapists can apply results from their regular assessments to the IADL of driving and community mobility through direct intervention or referral to a spe-cialist with confidence and competencerdquo

To arrive at consensus the panel used an anonymous electronic voting system that displayed results on a projector screen Schold Davis and Anne Dickerson PhD OTRL FAOTA would pose a question and all 20 panel members voted simultaneously Those who disagreed with the majority would explain their opinions sparking a dialogue that could lead to compromise When all agreed that fact was captured and the discussion moved forward

Panel participant Johnell Brooks PhD a human factors professor at Clemson Univer-sity in South Carolina works on creating driving simulator scenarios She plans to use the consensus statements devised at the March meeting to direct her future studies

ldquoThese consensus statements [and identified research priorities] will serve as research guidelines for merdquo she says ldquoEspecially when we work with students they are always asking lsquoWhat in the world should I be studying What should I do for a dissertationrsquo Because this is the state of the art of driver rehabilitation today I plan to pull out the document of consensus statements and say lsquoThese are the questions that the therapists need answered right now Is there a way through engineering or psychology or medicine that we can help provide more evidencerdquo

Anne Hegberg OTRL CDRS is a full-time driver rehabilitation specialist who served on the panel Shersquos been involved with AOTA the Association for Driver Rehabilitation Specialists and the National Mobility Equipment Dealersrsquo Association for almost her entire career She found the collaboration facilitated by expert panel useful because it will lead to more clarity in this practice area

ldquoI think itrsquos real important to see us coming together and try to get everybody on the same page so there is not duplication of effortrdquo Hegberg says ldquoWe are trying to get everything more uniform so if someone needs a driver evaluation it means one thing not 15 different thingsrdquo n

Andrew Waite is the associate editor of OT Practice and can be reached at awaiteaotaorg

Navigating Toward a Consensus

ldquo We are trying to get everything more uniform so if someone needs a driver evaluation it means one thing not 15 different thingsrdquo


Supporting Emerging Occupational Therapy Practice in Developing Nations

OTArsquos Centennial Vision directs us to consider ways in which we can be globally connected within the varied aspects of the

profession of occupational therapy These connections can be cultivated in many ways including service trips fieldwork experiences and a host of other collaborative efforts Of all the possibilities under the umbrella of global connections perhaps the most critical is to support growing practices of occupational therapy ldquoBest prac-ticerdquo from the commonly accepted Eurocentric perspective however may not be relevant to meeting the occupa-tional realities of clients in developing nations1 Therefore the challenge is not simply to ldquogrowrdquo occupational therapy in developing nations but also to find culturally specific and appropriate ways to help implement client-centered practice while realizing that results may not resemble the Western or Ameri-can version of the profession In some developing nations for example quality of life can be more associated with providing (or securing) basic needs such as safety shelter food and clean water But for most people in developed nations the phrase holds an entirely different meaning Collaborating with people in developing countries can help define the varying perspectives of what a ldquogood liferdquo means In some cultures occupational therapy strives to make individuals independent whereas in others the goal is to be autonomous These words while similar have

distinct meanings with very different implications for the direction of therapy It is critical that connections be made to help establish relationships to create promote and expand the profession of occupational therapy worldwide in a manner that is valuable and culturally relevant to all populations

WAShINGTON UNIVERSITY AND SERVICE FOR PEACEIn March 2010 2011 and 2012 stu-dents and faculty from the Program in Occupational Therapy at Washington University in St Louis School of Medi-cine (WUOT) joined forces with Service for Peace Service for Peace is an orga-nization that aims to provide intensive service learning opportunities through community development programs around the world Service trips were

planned and sponsored through the student group International Assistance Committee supported by WUOT and guided by Service for Peace Service for Peace coordinators were vital in making connections with local agencies and authorities to provide transportation safety lodging and translation Over the past few years the following organi-zations in Guatemala have participated in the learning collaborativen A local orphanage ANINIn A Mayan special education school in

St Martinn Two hospitals Roosevelt Hospital

and the Hospital Infantil de Infecto-logia y Rehabilitacion

n Two universities Universidad Mari-ano Galvez and the University of San Carlos

STEVE TAFF

CAThERINE hOYT

GlobalGuatemala

GOING

IN

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AStudent Ashley housten helps to position a child in his wheelchair


n Transitions a Guatemala-based orga-nization that makes wheelchairs and teaches employment skills

n Hermano Pedro a facility for people with disabilitiesEach year approximately 15 stu-

dents are selected to go on the trip along with two licensed occupational therapists The following sections describe some of the experiences and observations by participants and faculty at these various locations Students observed and assisted at each location for 1 to 2 days each

ANINIANINI is an orphanage that houses approximately 60 children with condi-tions as varied as hydrocephalus autism spectrum disorders cerebral palsy developmental delays and intellectual disability These conditions are often associated with comorbidities such as stunted growth severe contractures learned nonuse and respiratory com-plications This orphanage is sustained purely through private funding and when we visited contained facilities that were relatively modern including separate offices for individual therapies and services (eg dental room hydro-therapy room) Occupational therapists and physical therapists were conspicu-ously absent due to decreased funding despite available therapy resources The caregivers at ANINI were anxious

to have an occupational therapist to assist them with positioning range of motion splinting and activities of daily living Washington University students and faculty provided orphanage staff with ideas in all of these areas We also supplied the staff with ideas on how to incorporate occupation into daily routines Significant changes were noticed on the grouprsquos third annual visit to the orphanage After 2 years rela-tionships between the orphanage and local occupational therapy educational programs had flourished as a result of partnerships facilitated by WUOT Local occupational therapy and physical therapy students were volunteering and completing fieldwork rotations on a regular basis at ANINI Observable changes includedn Soft splints being used as restraints

rather than having children be tied to a chair to prevent self-injurious behavior

n Childrenrsquos music being played during free times

n Caregivers engaging in sensory play and providing stretches and tac-tile experiences for more involved children

n Increased conversation and inter-action between the caregivers and the studentsmdashfor example with the suggestion of a homemade mobile to encourage visual tracking for an infant a caretaker immediately

engaged with the occupational therapy student and they worked together to create a functional mobile with available materials

On the third visit visiting therapists provided a manual translated into Spanish that included many pictures to assist caregivers with ideas for activi-ties and stretches throughout the year

ST MARTINWe visited a specialized school for chil-dren with disabilities in the rural Mayan town of St Martin There we observed how each teacher had essentially taken over the roles of occupational therapist physical therapist and speech-language pathologist Students and faculty from Washington University were able to answer questions and make suggestions for treatment ideas for specific student issues that teachers identified We were also able to work with special education teachers in their classrooms At this location we heard overwhelmingly that teachers feel overtaxed and desperately want occupational therapists to assist them But again funding is scarce and there are few therapists available The visiting students saw firsthand how environment culture and resources can strongly influence occupation This location would benefit from future visits and assistance from occupational ther-apy students and other volunteers

Students and faculty at Washington Universityrsquos Occupational Therapy Program find that the power of occupation to enhance performance participation and well-being is an international truth

Therapy room (not currently in use) at ANINI An employee at Transitions (see page 16) works on making a wheelchair wheel

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ROOSEVELT hOSPITALService for Peace set up a tour at a public hospital in Guatemala City This is the type of medical care that the majority of citizens in Guatemala utilize These hospitals are mostly located in the city and appointments are not given One goes to the hospital and waits to be seen We were able to observe in the acute setting intensive care unit and occupational therapy department Patients were waiting outside the therapy room just to get 15 minutes of time with the thera-pist Therapists reported that there is just not enough time or resources to address all of the areas of occupation and the majority of patients are focused on returning to work Documentation was limited to hand-written notes in notebooks and some forms for the physician These therapists were eager for treatment ideas using the resources they had available One therapist asked in Spanish ldquoDo you struggle to explain why your job is important in the US toordquo That indicated to us that in Guatemala the majority do not recognize occupational therapy and few physicians are aware of its purpose and advantages

hOSPITAL INFANTIL DE INFECTOLOGIA Y REhABILITACIONAdditionally the group visited an occupational therapy department at

a pediatric hospital and observed an occupational therapy treatment session In Guatemala no consent is needed to talk about personal health informa-tion Again we overwhelmingly heard the desire for more information The therapist asked us for new treatment ideas and for guidance in improving her practice The students demonstrated some additional treatment techniques (eg positioning weight bearing upper-extremity extension) to help facilitate the interaction We were able to participate in a question-and-answer session with staff occupational thera-pists and music therapists The thera-pists here were eager to learn more but expressed that access to research or even other therapists was rare as occu-pational therapy is not a well-developed profession in this country

UNIVERSIDAD MARIANO GALVEzUniversidad Mariano Galvez currently has a physical therapy program and is anxious to begin an occupational therapy program In our visits there we exchanged presentations with their physical therapy students and learned that physical therapists are often required to meet the demands of both occupational therapy and physical ther-apy services in a small amount of time and consequently feel their patients do not receive adequate therapy Repre-sentatives of this school were eager to

meet with WUOT students and faculty to discuss our curriculum and a draft curriculum was designed by faculty and administrators from Mariano Galvez and first author Steve Taff PhD OTRL from WUOT This curriculum outline emphasized occupational therapy the-ory and culturally relevant evaluation and intervention approaches regarding person environment occupation and performance factors Also included was coursework that focused on return to work work environments and includ-ing family members as therapeutic partners

UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOSWe determined that there is one existing occupational therapy program in Guatemala The University of San Carlos is training occupational thera-pists but has not yet been recognized by WFOT We exchanged presentations about our curriculums and practices and engaged in discussions to con-tinue our partnership Students from WUOT learned about emerging areas of practice and how curricula can reflect cultural and societal priorities WUOT students also were able to share resources to enable the Guatemalan students to learn more about research and standards of practice in countries with more developed occupational therapy programs

TRANSITIONSTransitions is located in Antigua Guate-mala and is a producer of wheelchairs This organization teaches work skills to those living with physical disabili-ties supports a classroom for children with disabilities in a rural town out-side of Antigua trains many athletes on the national wheelchair basketball team and creates and fits prostheses Employees were very knowledgeable about the needs of people living with disabilities in Guatemala and were collaborating with several programs to design more functional wheelchairs for the physical environments of rural com-munities One of the major concerns was the difficulty for those with mobil-ity impairments to navigate Guatemala because of the many cobblestone roads and uneven or nonexistent sidewalks Additionally wheelchairs and prosthe-ses are difficult and expensive to obtain PH

OTO

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Left Author Catherine hoyt learns how to navigate a wheelchair up a hill on a cobblestone streetRight Student Ashley housten helps to engage a child in social interaction and developmentally appropriate games such as peek a boo


Transitions is working to decrease this barrier by making wheelchairs and prostheses using local materials that are more affordable Transitions demon-strated that they are working hard to help decrease the stigma associated with disability by teaching job skills and helping people adjust to living success-fully with mobility impairments

hERMANO PEDROHermano Pedro is a facility for people with disabilities who require assistance with activities of daily living It has a specialized clinic for infants born with cleft palates and provides therapy and care for a wide range of diagnoses Hermano Pedro has occupational ther-apists and accepts therapy volunteers for a minimum of 1 week Challenges observed at this facility included feed-ing positioning and communication

At the time of our visit staff provided adults with many meals and liquidsmdashincluding coffeemdashin baby bottles and people were fed with very large bites to hasten the meal Adults were some-times fed while lying down Students suggested raising the adultsrsquo upper bod-ies to assist with eating and swallowing Staff encouraged students to assist with meal times and were quick to respond to requests to adjust positioning

ChALLENGES FOR ThE EMERGING PROFESSIONCulture Cultural competence and cul-tural sensitivity are vital to successful interactions and successful client out-comes Cultural competence is a multi-step process that begins with awareness and knowledge building regarding the beliefs and values of others2 Our group remains in the beginning stages of becoming competent in Guatemalan culture but several facets have become clear In Guatemala independence may not be as valued as it is in the United States and therefore is not viewed as a primary client outcome Within this cul-

ture it is perfectly acceptable (and in most cases expected) for family mem-bers to act as caregivers for someone who has been injured or has a disability Occupation in terms of daily living leisure or self-care is not recognized by the populace as an explicit area of attention needing skilled services Return to work is the highest priority in a nation where not working often means going hungry however occupational therapy is not recognized as a necessary therapy to help patients return to work Most are not aware of the purpose of occupational therapy and occupational therapists are not available in most treatment and therapy settings

health Care System Insurance is a benefit enjoyed by only a minority of Guatemalansmdashgenerally the wealthy and those in valued professions such as medicine business and politics There is no national program or community outreach structure to provide a coordi-nated system of health care in a nation where well over half of the population is below the poverty line Those with insurance or the money to pay up front

for services can go to private hospitals when injury or illness occur The vast majority of working citizens must seek out public hospitals which are over-crowded and may involve extremely long waiting periods Although public hospital services are state funded primary medical care is the priority and occupational therapy is not present in the acute setting The Guatemalan health care system concentrates on reacting to the immediate medical needs of the population and gives little attention to prevention or follow-up care

Resources Resources for the few occupational therapists practicing in Guatemala are scarce Even relatively standard (in the United States at least) occupational therapy tools such as goni-ometers reachers and transfer boards are rare We did observe therapists working with clients in the clinic using cones and simple crafts aimed squarely at the fine-motor and upper-extremity function necessary for the workforce The vast majority of textbooks and assessments are written in English and Spanish translations were not available to the therapists we observed Evalua-tion is mainly accomplished via inter-view with clients and family members in combination with informal range-of-motion and strength evaluations

EducationTraining To our knowledge there is only one occupational therapy PH

OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

It is critical that connections be made to help establish relationships to create promote and expand the profession of occupational therapy worldwide in a manner that is valuable and culturally relevant to all populations

Left Occupational therapy students work on positioning and trying to engage a client in reciprocal interactions Right Student Rachel Baum assists with positioning for a small child to enable him to participate in developmentally appropriate play


program in Guatemala (at San Car-los) One program (Mariano Galvez) is working toward developing a program in its university Curricula and training methods display a strong similarity to the academic preparation required of physical therapy students and the level of training is comparable roughly to the bachelorrsquos degree for both occupational and physical therapy One therapist at Roosevelt stated that there were no opportunities for continuing education to keep skills current after graduat-ing Guatemalan occupational therapy students told us that fieldwork oppor-tunities are rare and job placement is limited to the hospital setting Students do not have much opportunity to observe current occupational therapy practice and learn from experienced therapists Licensing and national exams are not yet standard and there is no guidance as to what needs to be included in occupational therapy curricula

Professional Obscurity Occupational therapy is not well known in Guatemala There is minimal public awareness of what the profession is or does There are few practicing professionals only one established educational program and strong competition from physical therapy which has a firmer foundation in the public sphere Therapists and students alike sensed that there is a distinct lack of identity even within the

occupational therapy community Stu-dents stated that there is competition between professions and they feel that other professions donrsquot understand the purpose of occupational therapy Nearly all occupational therapists work in the hospital setting rotating between acute care and rehabilitation assignments They are not represented in community settings such as schools or outpatient clinics and therefore have less public exposure

CONCLUSIONTo meet the goals of the Centennial Vision we must support growing prac-tices of occupational therapy around the globe We believe that the goal of global connection is crucial as this is the foundation for expanding occupa-tional therapyrsquos power visibility and diversity on an international scale In this article we have highlighted Gua-temala based on our experiences and observations However with obvious modifications for culture and language comparable scenarios exist in many developing nations that wish to build or expand the profession of occupational therapy The current practice models in the United States are based on theo-retical and cultural assumptions that are not entirely appropriate in Central America South America Africa or Asia1 To be able to expand occupa-tional therapy to developing nations

and to successfully meet their citizensrsquo occupational needs alternative per-spectives of the profession its purpose and potential roles are necessary Part of the goal of the Centennial Vision is to support the professionrsquos growth in ways that are participatory and truly meaningful to the health and well-being of local populations not simply to transpose a Western or American ver-sion of occupational therapy to other regions To this end we have outlined a series of general strategies to facilitate a diverse framing for occupational ther-apy in developing nations The key to creating such a socioprofessional devel-opment plan is a collaborative approach based on an ongoing needs assessment from local citizens clinicians edu-cators and agency representatives Teams of educators and clinicians from nations where occupational therapy is flourishing could then partner with local representatives or agencies to n Collaboratively develop academic

training programs (including curricu-lar and instructional approaches and continuing education models) that are viable within an environment of limited resources and low public visibility

n Reframe values about occupa-tion performance participation and well-being that are culturally competent

n Problem solve to create niches for occupational therapy within the realities of local health care systems

n Create culturally specific and appro-priate definitions of occupational therapy and scope of practice that resonate with local citizens and gov-ernment agencies

n Support translation of occupational therapy literature textbooks and assessments

n Establish ldquosisterrdquo schools or satellite university locations with frequent student exchanges partnered educational activities (eg via distance-learning technologies) and collaborative research opportunities

n Increase awareness of available resources such as those available from wwwwfotorg

We found the students and practition-ers in Guatemala to be eager learners who displayed a passion for the devel-

f o r M o r e I N f o r M a T I o NInternational Interests AOTA Resourceswwwaotaorgpractionersresourcesintl

International Fieldwork AOTA Resourceswwwaotaorgeducateedresinternational

Multicultural Resourceswwwaotaorgpractionersresourcesmulticultural

Culture and Occupation A Model of Empower-ment in Occupational TherapyBy R M Black amp S A Wells 2007 Bethesda MD AOTA Press ($55 for members $79 for nonmem-bers To order call toll free 877-404-AOTA or shop online at httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=1241 Order 1241 Promo code MI)

Common Phrase Translation Spanish for English Speakers for Occupational Therapy Physical Therapy and Speech TherapyBy J Thrash 2006 Burbank CA Author ($40 for members $5650 for nonmembers To order call toll free 877-404-AOTA or shop online at httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=1420 Order 1420 Promo code MI)

Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Survival Guide A Student Planner 2nd Edition By B Napier 2010 Bethesda MD AOTA Press ($34 for members $49 for nonmembers To order call toll free 877-404-AOTA or shop online at httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=1253 Order 1253 Promo code MI)

AOTA CEonCDtradeEthics TopicmdashOrganizational Ethics Occupational Therapy Practice in a Complex Health EnvironmentPresented by L C Brandt 2009 Bethesda MD American Occupational Therapy Association (Earn 1 AOTA CEU [125 NBCOT PDUs 1 contact hour] $45 for members $65 for nonmembers To order call toll free 877-404-AOTA (2682) or shop online at httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4841 Order 4841 Promo code MI)

Discuss this and other articles on the OT Practice Magazine public forum at httpwwwOTConnectionsorg

CONNECTIONS


opment of occupation therapy and a motivation to see it expand in presence and prominence We also believe that Guatemala is not alone in this interest and desire to promote the occupational therapy profession The power of occu-pation to enhance performance partici-pation and well-being is an international truth Itrsquos time to go global n

References1 Molke D amp Rudman D (2009) Governing the

majority world Critical reflections on the role of occupation technology in international contexts Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 56 239ndash248

2 Campinha-Bacote J (2002) The process of cultural competence in the delivery of healthcare services A model of care Journal of Transcul-tural Nursing 13 181ndash184

Steve Taff PhD OTRL is associate director of

professional programs for the Program in Occupa-

tional Therapy at Washington University School of

Medicine in St Louis Missouri

Catherine hoyt OTD OTRL is an occupational

therapist for the Program in Occupational Therapy at

Washington University School of Medicine

Specialists will work with AOTA to flesh out core concepts and common termi-nology This issue is critically important as many terms have different meanings depending on the stakeholder For example consider the term driving evaluation The same term may be used to describe a 10-minute drive with a Department of Motor Vehicles examiner a 4-hour clinical and on-road evaluation with a driving rehabilitation specialist and a self-administered driv-ing inventory completed on a computer screen This ambiguity is confusing to clients professionals and payers and it places tremendous risk on the accurate interpretation and communication of research evidence

Following the meeting expert members helped clarify and consolidate the descriptions of research and project ideas Nine research agenda ideas were forwarded to the NHTSA research

department and eight were developed into mini projects Figure 2 on p 12 lists the projects to be completed Figure 3 on p 12 lists the identified research needs which the NHSTA will consider over the next few years For more see the posting of project descriptions and applications awardees and updates on the progression of work at wwwaotaorgolder-driver

SUMMARY The Gaps and Pathways Project is an exciting opportunity for all occu-pational therapy practitioners and programs Although initially directed toward older adults the tools and resources developed will have the potential to stimulate thought and prompt further work to translate the evidence for practitioners who work with teenagers or young adults identi-fying driving as a goal while facing con-ditions that may place them medically at risk as drivers (eg autism spectrum disorder traumatic brain injury spinal cord injury)

The resources from this federally funded project will be free to practition-

ers and available as downloads from the Older Driver section of AOTArsquos Web site n

References1 American Occupational Therapy Association

(2008) Occupational therapy practice frame-work Domain and process (2nd ed) American Journal of Occupational Therapy 62 625ndash683 doi105014ajot626625

2 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2010) Older driver program five-year strategic plan 2012ndash2017 Retrieved from httpwwwnhtsagovstaticfilesntipdf811432pdf

3 Reitan R M (1958) Validity of the Trail Making test as an indicator of organic brain damage Perception and Motor Skills 8 271ndash276

4 Folstein M F Folstein S E White T amp Messer M A (2010) Mini-Mental State Examndash2mdashUserrsquos Guide (2nd ed) Lutz Florida PAR

5 Ball K K Owsley C Sloane M E Roenker D L amp Bruni J R (1993) Visual attention problems as a predictor of vehicle crashes in older drivers Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 34 3110ndash3123

6 Fisher A G (2006) Assessment of Motor and Process Skills Users manual (Vol 2) Fort Col-lins CO Three Star Press

7 DriveABLE Assessment Centres (1998) DriveABLE Competence Screen and Road Test Edmonton Alberta Canada Author

Elin Schold Davis OTRL CDRS is the coordinator

of AOTArsquos Older Driver Initiative

Anne Dickerson PhD OTR FAOTA is a professor

at East Carolina University in Greenville North

Carolina

GAPS AND PAThWAYS PROJECTContinued from page 13

Survey Says Practitioners Think Globally

In a recent 1-Minute Update poll more than 80 of nearly 1400 respondents said they would like to practice occupational therapy overseas either through fieldwork volunteer work or living and working overseas

Are you interested in practicing occupational therapy in other countries

Yes Irsquod like to live and work overseas 36

Yes Irsquod like to do volunteer work 27

Yes Irsquod like to do fieldwork 27

Maybe I have considered it 13

No I am not interested 5

Respondents noted a wide range of places they have either worked or would like to work including London Paraguay Ireland Scotland China India Budapest Honduras Mexico Ukraine and Thailand As one respondent said ldquoIt would be amazing to do OT in another country Not only could one take new ideas there but one could bring new ideas homerdquo

View the original results and related comments at httppolldaddycompoll6586404

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T E C H T A L K

ith 1 in 88 children now diagnosed with an autism spectrum disor-der (ASD)1 occupational therapy practitioners are treating more and more individuals on the spectrum Working pri-marily within the pediatric

population the majority of the children and adolescents on my caseload have an ASD diagnosis The vast majority of those clients demonstrate moderate to severe difficulties with managing their emotions and arousal levels Emotional regulation skills as defined in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework Domain and Process 2nd Edition are the ldquoactions or behav-iors a client uses to identify manage and express feelings while engaging in activities or interacting with othersrdquo (p 640)2

Engaging a client in therapeutic activities and occupations can be extremely difficult if the client is unable to maintain a regulated state or manage his or her emotions Technology tools ranging from low tech to high tech can offer support to individuals who experience difficulties with emotional regulation skills The accessibility of high technology tools (such as smart-phones and tablets) makes supporting emotional regulation needs across environments easier for individuals and caregivers

Structure organization and predict-ability are important in maintaining a regulated state for many individuals With built-in features and accessibility of applications on todayrsquos phones and tablets the use of schedules lists and timers can be implemented with ease Using such tools can decrease anxiety and prevent dysregulation Clinicians

and caregivers can use the following tools to support a regulated staten To-do lists (can be on notepad of a

smartphone for those able to read or created using a traditional or digital photo album)

n Calendars (can be a paper calendar or the calendar feature of a smart-phone outlining the dayweekmonth for an individual)

n Schedules (can be symboltext based and either low tech or digital use photos to depict the schedule for the day or customized using applications)

bull First Then Visual Schedule (available for Apple and Android devices)

bull iPrompts (available for Apple and Android devices Nook Tablet and Kindle Fire)

n Timers (can be useful in providing a clear beginning and end to a task for easier transition or to assist in persisting in a task)

bull Built into most smartphone clock features

bull Time Timer and Kiddie Timer Activity Countdown apps (avail-able for Android and Apple devices)

CASE ExAMPLE RAYRay is a 5-year-old boy recently diagnosed with an ASD He struggles greatly with transitions and managing his emotions after he becomes upset Ray is verbal but unable to express his emotions accurately and is often unable to control and recover from dysregu-lation Ray is better able to transition from one task to another with the use of a visual andor auditory timer Having the timer available to Ray is easy for his family and caregiver regardless of the environment or context because it is

on their smartphones In addition to the timer Rayrsquos family is able to use photo-graphs to show him where they will be going during the day to further prepare him and support him during transitions These tools help decrease Rayrsquos frustra-tion control his emotions and persist with tasks rather than becoming overly focused on the transitions of his day

RECOVERING FROM DYSREGULATIONOftentimes simply being able to express an emotion can help an indi-vidual maintain control or recover from an extreme reaction With a number of individuals on the spectrum expe-riencing language and communication deficits expressing emotion can be a difficult and frustrating task Providing tools to support the communication of emotions is necessary not only for nonverbal clients but also for those who struggle with word finding or who become so overwhelmed with an emotion that they are unable to access language I have had success not only providing a means of communication but also helping clients better under-stand their emotions using the following tools A simple low-tech tool that I use frequently in my practice and have named the emotional regulation board (see photo p 21) is made with picture symbols for a variety of emotions (customized for each child) that can be pulled off and placed next to the words or symbol (eg ldquoI feelrdquo) The bottom of the board offers a number of options to assist the individual in then controlling his or her emotion with or without the support of another person This board has been successful for a num-ber of children who use maladaptive approaches to expressing and recover-ing from an emotion Some children are

Tech Support for the Emotional Regulation Needs of Children and Adolescents With Autism

Melissa R Olson

w


s o c i a l m e d i a s p o t l i g h t

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Yoursquoll also find AOTA on wwwaotaorgyoutube and httppinterestcomaotainc

Sensory Strategies for Classroomshttpotconnectionsaotaorgforumst15275aspx

mollyschaffer Posted Thu Sep 13 2012 232 AM

I have a 1st grader who is very active in his classroom We are looking for some calming strategies to use with him We canrsquot use anything like vests chewies or fidget toys because mom wonrsquot allow it Right now he comes out of the classroom for movementsensory breaks in the morn-ing and in the afternoon but we need some more strate-gies for the classroom Irsquod appreciate any suggestions

Debi Hinerfeld replied on Thu Sep 13 2012 415 PM

You can tie a piece of Thera-Band around the front of his chair that he can use to push against when sitting and listening

kelseyturcotte replied on Fri Oct 5 2012 734 PM

I think that itrsquos important to provide structure and make sure that the room isnrsquot full of distractions Also adding breaks or having sensory integration before he needs to be in a sit-down classroom This may help release some of his excess energy Maybe think about incorporating ex-ercise balls for the child to sit on during class or a squishy chair cover Have the child wear a weighted vest carry a weighted stuffed animal or use weighted blankets Make sure that the child is able to do some hands-on activities such as being able to write on the board The teacher might want to incorporate some brain gym exercises or more musical sessions for her class The opportunities are endless

Changes Coming to ConnectionsOT Connections is undergoing a major upgrade AOTA will be introducing new ways of participating improved search-ing easier navigation and easier customization In order to move all the existing content to the improved site AOTA will shut OT Connections down from December 10 through December 16 (this week historically shows the lowest us-age) We appreciate your patience during this time and we will be available to answer any questions you have after the upgrade is finished

AOTA is now on Instagram For regular photo updates like this one follow our handle AOTAinc

Find us on Facebookwwwaotaorgfacebook

American Occupational Therapy Association Shared a link Oct 24 University of Buffalo has the most students

attending Conclave Shawnee State Univer-sity is a close second Check out the other schools with the highest representation and JOIN US wwwaotaorgConferenceDocs Conclaveaspx (click on the link to the infographic)

2012 AOTANBCOT National Student Conclave Register today wwwaotaorgconclave

Kimberly Wood Agneta Andersson Alpana Joshi and 12 others like this

wwwaotaorgtwitter

AOTA AOTAInc Nov 2 CNN Money ranks Occupational Therapy 10 out of 100 best jobs in America owlyeY7sn careers occupationaltherapy

AOTA AOTAInc Nov 1

OT video from 1954 Watch these great videos we came across today owlyeX3Mf hellipThanks to debbsilou amp pbarrosoto for tweeting them

Claire OT claireOT Oct 30

ldquoSymbolic_Life LOVING the Virtual exchange with my fellow OTGEEKS ot24vx12rdquo ltme too although I keep getting the hash tag wrong

Jess Gardiner jesssgardinerr Oct 24 Accepted into Misericordia University amp their Occu-pational Therapy Program crying bestdayofmylife happytweet

httpinstagramcomaotainc


C A L E N D A RTo advertise your upcoming event contact the OT Practice advertising department at 800-877-1383 301-652-6611 or otpracadsaotaorg Listings are $99 per insertion and may be up to 15 lines long Multiple listings may be eligible for discount Please call for details Listings in the Calendar section do not signify AOTA endorsement of content unless otherwise specified

Look for the AOTA Approved Provider Program (APP) logos on continuing edu-cation promotional materials The APP logo indicates the organization has met the requirements of the full AOTA APP and can award AOTA CEUs to OT relevant

courses The APP-C logo indicates that an individual course has met the APP requirements and has been awarded AOTA CEUs

January

Palm Beach Gardens FL Jan 12ndash22Lymphedema Management Certification courses in Complete Decongestive Therapy (135 hours) Lymphedema Management Seminars (31 hours) Coursework includes anatomy physiology and pathology of the lymphatic system basic and ad-vanced techniques of MLD and bandaging for primarysecondary UE and LE lymphedema (incl pediatric care) and other conditions Insurance and billing issues certification for compression-garment fitting included Certification course meets LANA re-quirements Also in Phoenix AZ Jan 26ndashFeb 5 2013 AOTA Approved Provider For more information and additional class dateslocations or to order a free brochure please call 800-863-5935 or log on to wwwacolscom

February

Jackson MS Feb 16ndash17 2013Evaluation and Intervention for Visual Processing Deficits in Adult Acquired Brain Injury Part I Fac-ulty Mary Warren PhD OTRL SCLV FAOTA This updated course has the latest evidence based re-search Participants learn a practical functional re-imbursable approach to evaluation intervention and documentation of visual processing deficits in adults with acquired brain injury from CVA and TBI Topics include hemianopsia visual neglect eye movement disorders and reduced acuity Also New Orleans LA March 9ndash10 2013 Contact wwwvisabilitiescom call 888-752-4364 of fax 205-823-6657

March

New York City Mar 16ndash20 2013A-ONE CERTIFICATION Assessing Cognitive- Perceptual Dysfunction Through ADL and Mobility This course is designed to train OTs in objectively assessing the impact of cognitive perceptual im-pairments (eg neglect agnosias spatial dysfunc-tion apraxia body scheme disorders) on ADLs and mobility highlighting our unique contribution to this practice area Limited enrollment AOTA CEUs Contact Glen Gillen at 212-305-1648 or GG50Columbiaedu

April

The Philadelphia Meeting Apr 6ndash9 2013Surgery and Rehabilitation of the Hand With Emphasis on the Wrist Sponsored by Hand Reha-bilitation Foundation and Jefferson Health System Hands-on workshops panel discussions surgery demos and anatomy labs compliment didactic ses-sions Pre-conference 3-day tutorial new 1-day pediatric pre-course available Honored Professors Pat McKee MSc OT Reg(Ont) OT(C) William W Walsh MBA MHA OTRL CHT Gregory I Bain FRACS PhD Elisabet Hagert MD PhD John D Lubahn MD Alexander Y Shin MD Scott W Wolfe

MD For info contact HRF at 6107685958 or hrfhandfoundationorg or visit our website at wwwhandfoundationorg

Ongoing

Clinicianrsquos View Offers Unlimited CEUs Two great options $177 for 7 months or $199 for 1-Full Year of unlimited access to over 640 contact hours and over 90 courses Take as many courses as you want Approved for AOTA and BOC CEUs and NBCOT for PDUs wwwclinicians-viewcom 575-526-0012

Internet amp 2-Day On-Site Training Become an Accessibility Home Modifications amp Ergonomic Jobsite Consultant Instructor Shoshana Shamberg OTRL MS FAOTA Over 22 years specializing in designbuild services tech-nologies injury prevention and ADA504 consult-ing for homesjobsites Start a private practice or add to existing services Extensive manual AOTA APP+NBCOT CE Registry Contact Abilities OT Services Inc 410-358-7269 or infoaotsscom Group COMBO personal mentoring and 2 for 1 discounts Calendarinfo at wwwAOTSScom Seminar sponsorships available nationally

Self-Paced Distance Learning Course Improving Function for Those Living With Cogni-tive amp Perceptual Impairments This self-paced distance learning course is designed for those working with individuals who present with limitations in daily function due to visualcognitiveperceptual impairment Specific topics related to evaluation and interventions include poor awareness visuo-spatial deficits apraxia neglect memory loss at-tention deficits executive dysfunction agnosia etc See wwwcolumbiaotorg for more information Instructor Glen Gillen GG50Columbiaedu

Self-Paced Clinical CourseNEW Driving and Community Mobility Occupa-tional Therapy Strategies Across the Lifespan edited by Mary Jo McGuire MS OTRL FAOTA and Elin Schold Davis OTRL CDRS Driving and community mobility issues are complex and chang-es in independence are life-altering This compre-hensive SPCC gathers researchers and clinicians in a team effort to offer expert guidance in this devel-oping practice area Earn 2 AOTA CEUs (25 NB-COT PDUs20 contact hours) Order 3031 AOTA Members $259 Nonmembers $359 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=3031

CEonCDtradeOT Manager Topics by Denise Chisholm Penelope Moyers Cleveland Steven Eyler Jim Hinojosa Kristie Kapusta Shawn Phipps and Pat Precin Supplementary content from chapters in The Occupational Therapy Manager 5th Edition with additional applications relevant to selected is-sues on management Earn 7 CEU (875 NBCOT PDUs7 contact hours) Order 4880 AOTA Mem-bers $194 Nonmembers $277 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4880

CEonCDtradeEveryday Ethics Core Knowledge for Occupa-tional Therapy Practitioners and Educators 2nd Edition by AOTA Ethics Commission and present-ed by Deborah Yarett Slater Foundation in basic ethics information that gives context and assistance with application to daily practice and rationale for changes in the Occupational Therapy Code of Eth-ics and Ethics Standards 2010 Earn 3 AOTA CEU (375 NBCOT PDUs3 contact hours) Order 4846 AOTA Members $105 Nonmembers $150 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4846

CEonCDtradeEthics TopicmdashDuty to Warn An Ethical Respon-sibility for All Practitioners by Deborah Yarett Slater Staff Liaison to the Ethics Commission Professional ethical and legal responsibilities in the identification of safety issues in ADLs and IADLs as they evaluate and provide interven-tion to clients Earn 1 AOTA CEU (125 NBCOT PDUs1 contact hour) Order 4882 AOTA Mem-bers $45 Nonmembers $65 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4882

CEonCDtradeEthics TopicsmdashOrganizational Ethics Occupa-tional Therapy Practice In a Complex Health Envi-ronment by Lea Cheyney Brandt Issues that can influence ethical decision making and strategies for addressing pressure from administration on servic-es in conflict with code of ethics Earn 1 AOTA CEU (125 NBCOT PDUs1 contact hour) Order 4841 AOTA Members $45 Nonmembers $65 httpstore aotaorgviewSKU=4841

CEonCDtradeEthics TopicsmdashMoral Distress Surviving Clinical Chaos by Lea Cheyney Brandt Complex nature of todayrsquos health care environment and results in increased moral distress for occupational therapy practitioners Earn 1 AOTA CEU (125 NBCOT PDUs1 contact hour) Order 4840 AOTA Mem-bers $45 Nonmembers $65 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4840

CEonCDtradeLetrsquos Think Big About Wellness by Winnie Dunn Official documents and materials that support OT concept of wellness interdisciplinary literature and models from other disciplines Earn 25 CEU (313 NBCOT PDUs25 contact hours) Order 4879 AOTA Members $68 Nonmembers $97 httpstore aotaorgviewSKU=4879

CEonCDtradeExploring the Domain and Process of Occupa-tional Therapy Using the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework 2nd Edition by Susanne Smith Roley and Janet V DeLany Ways in which Framework supports practitioners by providing a holistic view of the profession Earn 3 AOTA CEU (375 NBCOT PDUs3 contact hours) Order 4829 AOTA Members $73 Nonmembers $10350 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4829

Online CourseOccupational Therapy in Action Using the Lens of the Occupational Therapy Practice Frame-work Domain and Process 2nd Edition by Susanne Smith Roley and Janet DeLany Occupa-tional therapy and the occupational therapy process as described in the 2008 second edition of Frame-work Earn 6 AOTA CEU (75 NBCOT PDUs6 con-tact hours) Order OL32 AOTA Members $180 Nonmembers $255 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU =OL32

ASSESSMENT amp EvAlUATIONSelf-Paced Clinical Course Occupational Therapy and Home Modification Promoting Safety and Supporting Participation edited by Margaret Christenson and Carla Chase


C A L E N D A REducation on home modification for OT profession-als and an overview of evaluation and intervention and detailed descriptions of assessment tools Earn 2 AOTA CEUs (25 NBCOT PDUs20 contact hours) Order 3029 AOTA Members $259 Non-members $359 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU =3029

CEonCDtradeThe Short Child Occupational Profile (SCOPE) by Patricia Bowyer Hany Ngo and Jessica Kramer Introduction of SCOPE assessment tool and de-scription of documenting child motivation for occu-pations habits and roles skills and environmental supports and barriers Earn 6 AOTA CEU (75 NB-COT PDUs6 contact hours) Order 4847 AOTA Members $210 Nonmembers $299 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4847

CEonCDtradeStrategic Evidence-Based Interviewing in Occu-pational Therapy presented by Reneacutee R Taylor Structured semi-structured and general clinical interviewing and set of norms and communication strategies that can maximize accurate relevant and detailed information Earn 2 AOTA CEU (25 NBCOT PDUs2 contact hours) Order 4844 AOTA Members $68 Nonmembers $97 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4844

CEonCDtradeModel of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MO-HOST) Theory Content and Purpose by Gary Kielhofner Lisa Castle Supriya Sen and Sarah Skinner Information from observation interview chart review and proxy reports to complete the MO-HOST occupation-focused assessment tool Earn 4 AOTA CEU (5 NBCOT PDUs4 contact hours) Order 4838 AOTA Members $125 Nonmembers $180 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4838

BRAIN amp COGNITIONSelf-Paced Clinical CourseNeurorehabilitation Self-Paced Clinical Course Series by Gordon Muir Giles Kathleen Golisz Margaret Newsham Beckley and Mary A Corco-ran Includes 4 componentsmdashthe Core SPCC and 3 Diagnosis-Specific SPCCs Core SPCC Core Concepts in Neurorehabilitation Earn 7 AOTA CEU (875 NBCOT PDUs 7 contact hours) Order 3019 AOTA Members $91 Nonmembers $12880 http storeaotaorgviewSKU=3019 Diagnosis-Specific SPCCs Neurorehabilitation for Dementia-Relat-ed Diseases (Order 3022 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=3022) Neurorehabilitation for Stroke (Order 3021 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=3021) and Neurorehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury (Order 3020 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=3020) Each 1 AOTA CEU (125 NBCOT PDUs10 contact hours) AOTA Members $12950 Nonmembers $18410

CEonCDtrade Using the Occupational Therapy Practice Guide-lines for Adults with Alzheimerrsquos Disease and Related Disorders (ADRD) To Enhance Your Practice by Patricia Schaber Evidence-based perspective in defining the process and nature frequency and duration of interventions and case studies of adults at different stages of Alzheimerrsquos disease Earn 2 AOTA CEU (25 NBCOT PDUs2 contact hours) Order 4883 AOTA Members $68 Nonmembers $97 httpstoreaotaorgview SKU=4883

ADED Approved CEonCDtradeDetermining Capacity to Drive for Drivers with Dementia Using Research Ethics and Profes-sional Reasoning The Responsibility of All Occupational Therapists by Linda A Hunt Re-quired professional reasoning and ethics for making final recommendations about the capacity for older adults with dementia to drive or not Earn 2 AOTA

CEU (25 NBCOT PDUs2 contact hours) Order 4842 AOTA Members $68 Nonmembers $97 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4842

ChIlDREN amp YOUThSelf-Paced Clinical CourseEarly Childhood Occupational Therapy Services for Children Birth to Five edited by Barbara E Chandler Federal legislation in OT practice and public awareness strategies on expertise in transi-tioning early childhood development into occupa-tional engagement in natural environments Earn 2 AOTA CEUs (25 NBCOT PDUs20 contact hours) Order 3026 AOTA Members $259 Nonmembers $359 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=3026

Self-Paced Clinical CourseCollaborating for Student Success A Guide for School-Based Occupational Therapy edited by Barbara Hanft and Jayne Shepherd OT collab-orative practice with education teams using profes-sional knowledge and interpersonal skills to blend hands-on services for students and system sup-ports for families and educators Earn 2 AOTA CEUs (25 NBCOT PDUs20 contact hours) Order 3023 AOTA Members $259 Nonmembers $359 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=3023

CEonCDtradeAutism Topics Part I Relationship Building Evaluation Strategies and Sensory Integration and Praxis edited by Renee Watling Content from Autism 3rd Edition to expand OT practice with children through building the intentional re-lationship using evaluation strategies address-ing sensory integration challenges and planning intervention for praxis Earn 6 CEU (75 NBCOT PDUs6 contact hours) Order 4848 AOTA Mem-bers $210 Nonmembers $299 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4848

CEonCDtradeAutism Topics Part II Occupational Therapy Ser-vice Provision in an Educational Context edited by Renee Watling Second in 3-part CE series with content from Autism 3rd Edition addressing OT practice within public school systems and early in-tervention through elementary years and transition process Earn 6 CEU (75 NBCOT PDUs6 contact hours) Order 4881 AOTA Members $210 Non-members $299 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU= 4881

CEonCDtradeNEW Autism Topics Part III Addressing Play and Playfulness When Intervening With Children With an Autism Spectrum Disorder edited by Renee Watling Third of 3-part series with content from Autism 3rd Edition Provides topicsmdashCore Concepts Formal and Informal Assessments In-tervention Planning and Tying It All Togethermdashto incorporate the occupation of play into both evalu-ations and interventions with children with autism spectrum disorders Earn 6 CEU (75 NBCOT PDUs6 contact hours) Order 4884 AOTA Mem-bers $210 Nonmembers $299 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU=4884

CEonCDtradeYoung Adults on the Autism Spectrum Life After IDEA by Lisa Crabtree and Janet DeLany Critical issues of autism in adulthood and knowledge and tools to advocate health and community participa-tion of young adults and adults on the autism spec-trum Earn 3 AOTA CEU (375 NBCOT PDUs3 con-tact hours) Order 4878 AOTA Members $105 Nonmembers $150 httpstoreaotaorgviewSKU =4878

ADED Approved CEonCDtradeCreating Successful Transitions to Community Mobility Independence for Adolescents Address-ing the Needs of Students With Cognitive Social

Continuing Education

Assessment and Intervention2-day hands-on workshop (16 CEU)

2008 Conference Schedule

San Antonio TX Apr 19-20Charleston SC Apr 25-26

Tampa FL May 2-3Manhattan NY Jul 17-18

Virginia Beach VA Sep 20-21Morganton NC Sep 25-26

Chicago IL Oct 10-11Columbia SC Oct 16-17

Sacramento CA Oct 24-25Orlando FL Nov 14-15

For additional info and to register visitwwwbeckmanoralmotorcom

Host a Beckman Oral Motor Conference in 2009For Hosting info call (407) 590-4852 or email infobeckmanoralmotorcom

San Francisco CA Feb 29-Mar 1Burlington NC Mar 14-15

Houston TX Mar 28-29

Chicago IL Apr 11-12McAllen TX Apr 4-5

Assessment amp Intervention TrainingTwo Days of Hands-On Learning (16 CEU)

Upcoming Locations amp DatesFayetteville AR January 11ndash12 2013

Stafford TX January 18ndash19 2013Mobile AL February 22ndash23 2013

Atlanta GA March 1ndash2 2013Lexington KY March 8ndash9 2013

Morganton NC March 21ndash22 2013Peck MI April 11ndash12 2013

San Antonio TX May 23ndash24 2013Houston TX August 16ndash17 2013

Hartford CT September 7ndash8 2013San Antonio TX October 24ndash25 2013

Columbia TN November 1ndash2 2013

For complete training schedule amp information visit wwwbeckmanoralmotorcom

Host a Beckman Oral Motor SeminarHost info (407) 590-4852 or

infobeckmanoralmotorcomD-6231


Occupation based certification course

Order at wwwliveconferencescomCall 7273411674

AOTA APP approved45 CEUs

Treatment2GorsquosPhysical Agent Modalities

for 45 contact hoursThermal amp Electri al AgentsAOTA Approved course

Meets most state requirements

This fantastic interactive movie course retails at $59900 Save $5000 for a limited

time Use Promo Code OTPAMS

Treatment2go is a registered trademark of EHT

Only $54900c

D-4410


Sensory Integration Certification Program by USCWPS London ON Canada Course 4 Jan 31ndashFeb 4 2013

Boston MA Course 3 Jan 31ndashFeb 4 2013Los Angeles CA Course 1 Jan 25 26 27 amp Feb 2 3 2013

For additional sites and dates or to register visit wwwwpspublishcom or call 800-648-8857

D-5796


Faculty opportunities in education

Northeast Connecticut Washington DC Delaware Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont

South Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina Oklahoma S Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia West Virginia

Midwest Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Wisconsin

West Alaska Arizona California Colorado Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming

National Multiple locations within the US

International All countries outside the United States

AD REGION COLOR KEY

e M p l o y M e N T o p p o r T u N I T I e sFaculty

Tenure-Track Faculty Position in Rehabilitation ScienceNominations and applications are invited for a tenure-track faculty position in Boston Universityrsquos College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Sargent College We are especially interested in candidates with expertise in interdisciplinary collaboration whose research is connected to areas of strength in the college and who will help us expand our research doctoral programs in rehabilitation science We invite applicants who have a clear vision oftheir research direction who can relate the relevance of their work to the fields of occupational therapy physical therapy or speech language and hearing sciences and whose research program is supported or has strong potential for support by external funding sources Qualifications include an earned doctoral degree and peer-reviewed publications Postdoctoral experience is preferred This is a full-time tenure-track faculty position at the Assistant Professor level with a primary appointment in the most applicable department The successful candidate will conduct an independent line of research participate in service and teach at the undergraduate andor graduate level The College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Sargent College is part of a vibrant academic and research community that includes 16 schools and colleges across Boston Universityrsquos Charles River and Medical campuses as well as many highly regarded medical and educational institutions in the Boston area that allow for collaborative and interdisciplinary activities The College offers a wide range of undergraduate professional and research programs in the health and rehabilitation sciences The Collegersquos three ranked graduate professional programs (physical therapy occupational therapy and speech-language pathology) all place in the top 8 nationally and Sargent is among the national leaders in funded research The environment is highly collaborative and many faculty have intersecting research interests Active research areas include speech language and hearing development and disorders motor adaptation and the dynamics of walking perception of complex signals braincomputer interface development development andassessment of the efficacy of rehabilitation technologies effectiveness of interventions for serious mental illness measurement of function in children and youth with disabilities neurorehabilitation and the influence of environmental factors on home and community participation The College houses a wide range of research and clinical facilities as well as two NIDRR Rehabilitation Research and Training Centersmdashone in the area of psychiatric rehabilitation and one in the area of rheumatological rehabilitation Join our interdisciplinary faculty and become involved with our network of collaborations within Boston University and the greater Boston community For more information about BU Sargent College and our programs visit our web site at httpwwwbuedusargent Review of applications will begin immediately and continue until the position is filled Applications (letter of intent including statement of research interests curriculum vitae and three references) should be directed toGael Orsmond PhD (gorsmondbuedu) Rehabilitation Science Junior Faculty Position Search Committee Chair Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Sargent College 635 Commonwealth Avenue Boston MA 02215

Boston University is an Equal OpportunityAffirmative Action Employer F-6206

Faculty

AssistantAssociate Professor

AssistantAssociate ProfessorAcademic Fieldwork Coordinator (AFWC)

The University of Tennessee at Chattanoogarsquos Occupational Ther-apy Department is seeking qualified doctoral applicants for two positions AssistantAssociate Professor and As-sistantAssociate ProfessorAcademic Fieldwork Coordinator (AFWC) For more information visit our website at httpwwwutceduAdministrationAcademicAffairsFacultyOpenings

F-6219

Faculty

Tenure-track faculty position in the Department ofOccupational Therapy for our entry level Mastersand post-professional Doctorate programsQualifications Post-professional doctorate inOccupational Therapy or related field Identifiedpractice expertise in one or more areas ofOccupational Therapy practice College or universityteaching experience at the graduate level Eligible forOccupational Therapy licensure in Illinois

For more information about the position and requirements and to apply go to

employmentgovstedu

Governors State University an affirmativeactionequal opportunity employer is committed to

achieving excellence through diversity

AssistantAssociate Professor ofOccupational Therapy

F-6229


E M P L O Y M E N T O P P O R T U N I T I E SFaculty

Search For(occupational Therapy Fulltime Tenure Track Faculty)

(assistant or associate Professor)DeParTMeNT oF occUPaTIoNaL TheraPY

SchooL oF heaLTh ScIeNceS

Winston-Salem State University one of the 17 constituent institutions of the University of North Carolina system occupies a picturesque 110-acre campus overlooking the woodlands of Salem Lake in the heart of Winston-Salem This Masterrsquos Level I university enrolls approximately 6000 diverse students and offers more than 40 bachelorrsquos programs ten masterrsquos programs through the universityrsquos School of Graduate Studies and Research and one certificate program in computer science

The School of Health Sciences at Winston-Salem State University produces clinically and cultur-ally competent undergraduate and graduate health care students with a framework of altruistic values who are dedicated to serving the best health interest of society The schoolrsquos focus is to also produce pragmatic field-relevant research that advances both health care practice and knowledge in improving the availability accessibility acceptability and quality of health services particularly for the medically underserved experiencing health care disparities

General responsibilitiesbull assist in occupational therapy programcurriculum development and evaluations at

graduate levelbull teach 18 semester hours annuallybull maintain office hours consistent with faculty guidelines bull advise students and guide student researchbull supervise students in Level I Fieldworkbull develop research agenda and maintain research skills and interest consistent with OT

department and university policiesbull assist in departmental administrative tasksbull serve on university School of Health Sciences and departmental committees bull serve in community or civic organizations or activities as specified by university

guidelinesbull maintain active membership in state and national associations

education PhD or EdD from a regionally accredited college or university and eligibil-ity for North Carolina licensure as a practicing occupational therapist required Prefer-ence given to candidates who possess experience in occupational therapy education including mental health physical rehabilitation andor research

experience Two years or more fulltime or part-time teaching experience in a college or university Five years or more clinical experience Two years supervising students

Scholarly Production Should have record of scholarship at state national or interna-tional level

Salary Commensurate with education and experience Position open until filled

For immediate consideration please visit httpsjobswssuedu applicants will be asked to attach a letter of interest curriculum vita names of three refer-ences and unofficial transcripts official transcripts will be required for the successful candidate No applications will be accepted by mail Serious appli-cants must complete their application by January 15 2013

For Inquiry about program contact

Dr Dorothy P BetheaChair amp ProfessorOccupational Therapy Department432 FL Atkins BuildingWinston-Salem NC 27110Phone 336-750-3170 betheadpwssuedu

F-6209

west

Occupational Therapists

Multidisciplinary pediatric practice seek-ing occupational therapists on a full-time and part-time basis in Los Angeles and San Fernando Valley Competitive pay based on experience Generous benefit package for full time employees Independent con-tracting available

Job Description Provide OT services to clients in clinic home and schools Partic-ipate as a member of the interdisciplinary team of speech pathologists occupational therapists BCBArsquos behaviorists educa-tional therapists early interventionists and child development specialists

Graduates from an accredited Occupational Therapy program current certification by AOTANational Board for Certification of Occupational Therapy California State Licen-sure Must have 2+ yearsrsquo experience Strong assessment treatment planning commu-nicationorganizational skills knowledge of and interest in working with children and adults

Speech Language amp Educational Associates

16500 Ventura Boulevard Suite 414Encino CA 91436

818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west

Pediatric Occupational TherapistsmdashPeninsula and South Bay Areas

Associated Learning and Language Specialists Inc (ALLS Inc)wwwallsinccomFull-timepart-time experienced occupational therapists interested in working with pediatrics Clinic- and school-based positions Experience in sensory integration and early intervention is preferredPlease send cover letter and resume toKeiko Ikeda SLPkikedaallsinccomor Fax 650-631-9988 Attn Keiko Ikeda

W-6226

west

ARIZONA OTsmdash$65000 Phoenix Tucson amp Burbs

602-478-5850480-221-2573 Schools16 wks off 100 Paid Health Dental Lic Dues CEU-$1000401K HawaiiSpanish I

tripshellip JobsStudentTherapycomSTARS StudentTherapycom

W-6037


Elaine Adams OTR manager of Regulatory Compliance at Genesis Rehab Services is one of

AOTArsquos go-to persons for regulatory issues Because of this Adams recently accompanied Jennifer Bogenrief

AOTArsquos manager of Reimbursement and Regulatory Policy to a Centers for Medicare amp Medicaid Services (CMS)

meeting in Baltimore regarding Quality Assurance and Performance Improvement (QAPI) initiatives in nursing

homes The meeting brought together a number of health care professionals to discuss the quality of care at

skilled nursing facilities in relation to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (For more on QAPI see the

Capital Briefing in the November 12 2012 issue of OT Practice) Adams discussed her meeting experience

with OT Practice associate editor Andrew Waite

Waite What was occupational therapyrsquos role at this meetingAdams There is already a quality assurance program in place but CMS is really looking to refine it to promote best practice In a skilled nursing facil-ity it requires interdisciplinary involve-ment and that is where practitioners need to be involved They are part of the interdisciplinary team and help to resolve the issues that are happen-

ing in nursing facilities to ensure the safety of the clients and to ensure the quality of care for the clients

Waite How specifically can occupa-tional therapy help ensure that quality of careAdams CMS came to us and said one of the things the pilot program for the quality assurance initiative has shown is that having the resources and tools available in skilled nursing facilities can help them with particular problems they may be encountering So CMS is looking to occupational therapy to see if there are tools that we have that can help facilities resolve issues Whether those issues have to do with positioning dining pro-

grams restraint reduction reducing falls etc there are tools that OT can provide and a perspective that OT can bring to nursing homes to resolve problems The fact that CMS is asking us for resources that they can use is really important and practitioners need to take advantage of it I think it will be very easy for practition-ers to say ldquoOh my administrator is taking care of it so I donrsquot need to be

involvedrdquo But I think it is important for prac-titioners working in skilled nursing facilities to recognize that they may very well have an important role in helping to resolve issues in their facility Itrsquos a matter of continuing to communi-

cate within their nursing homes and know whatrsquos going on and what the nursing homes are working on

Waite What lessons can occupational therapy practitioners not working in skilled nursing facilities take from this meeting Adams Quality improvement and quality assurance are really important no matter where you are working So thatrsquos something for all practitioners to be thinking about Look at issues in your workplace and figure out what needs to be done to fix them how you can help and how those improve-ments can be sustained Itrsquos very much like when we do evaluations in treatment Thatrsquos exactly what we do

We evaluate we figure out what the problem is we come up with the plan and then we assess the effectiveness of that plan and modify the program So it very much is parallel to how we operate as clinicians

Waite What advice do you have for practitioners who are interested in becoming a sort of AOTA point person like you are on regulatory issues Adams Join your state and national associations And donrsquot just join but get actively involved and read the information that is released by both associations to keep up on current issues

Waite Why is being connected so important Adams I have been an OT now for over 30 years I have seen real changes in health care When I first became a therapist I went and I saw my clients and I didnrsquot worry about all the regula-tions and all the reimbursement rules that were out there It was a lot less complicated back then but the whole industry has become much more regulated now And in looking at mak-ing sure that those we serve get the services they need and have access to those services itrsquos really important to know the rules and to be an advocate for our clients The only way you can do that is by staying informed n

uestions and Answers

ldquo Look at issues in your workplace and figure out what needs to be done to fix them how you can help and how those improvements can be sustainedrdquo

ampAQ

PHO

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PH C

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RTE

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F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS

an Diego provides the ideal setting for discovering

the heartfelt leadership and compassionate care

that defines occupational therapy Our profession is

experiencing great opportunity as we expand in evidence-

based research and practice But we also face serious

challenges in health care legislation and public awareness

As we take our place as leaders in the profession and

as skilled providers of excellent practice research and

education the more opportunities will arise and the more

challenges will be met

The AOTA Annual Conference amp Expo is the most dynamic

gathering for occupational therapy professionals each year

Stimulating Presidential and keynote addresses hundreds of

focused educational sessions exceptional speakers valuable

connections and an Expo brimming with state of the art

products and opportunities are all under one roof in

San Diego This is your chance to f lourish

S

The American Occupational Therapy Associationrsquos

93rd Annual Conference amp ExpoApril 24ndash28 2013 ~ SAn DiEgO CAlifOrniA

AC-116

from heartfelt leadership to compassionate care

Registration opens December 10

FINDING THE RIGHTINSURANCE IS EASY

Underwritten by Liberty Insurance Underwriters Inc a member company of Liberty Mutual Insurance 55 Water Street New York New York 10041 May not be available in all states Pending underwriter approval Underwritten by Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company and Hartford Life Insurance Company Simsbury CT 06089 Underwritten by The United States Life Insurance Company in the City of New York Underwritten by Veterinary Pet Insurance Co (CA) Brea CA National Casualty Co (Natrsquol) Madison WI

Administered by Marsh US Consumer a service of Seabury amp Smith Inc

bull Professional Liability InsurancemdashProtect yourself fromthe costs of malpractice lawsuits and claims

bull Disability Income Insurance PlanmdashHelp safeguard yourstandard of living should you become Totally Disabled

bull Group Term Life Insurance PlanmdashHelp guard your familyrsquosfuture with life insurance coverage at a price you can afford

bull Long-Term CaremdashPrepare for the long-term care you or aloved one may need

bull Customized Major MedicalmdashDevelop an affordable medicalpackage to meet your specific needs

bull Group Enhanced Dental InsurancemdashProvides coveragefor diagnostic preventive and specialty dental treatments

bull Pet InsurancemdashProvide affordable health coverage tohelp you pay the treatment costs of your petrsquos accidentsillnesses and routine medical care

As an AOTA member you are eligible to take advantage of a variety of important benefits andinsurance plans AOTA sponsors these group insurance plans designed especially for your needs

Pending underwriting approval May not be available in all states

CA Ins Lic 0633005 AR Ins Lic 245544dba in CA Seabury amp Smith

Insurance Program ManagementAG 9561

55464 55827 55991 55992 55828 (1012) copySeabury amp Smith Inc 2012

with AOTA-Sponsored Group Insurance Plans

Learn about AOTA-Sponsored Group Insurance Plans for a secure future

Call 1-800-503-9230for a free information kit including costs exclusions limitations

and terms of coverage or visit us at wwwaotainsurancecomNOTE Plans may vary and may not be available in all states

FINDING THE RIGHTINSURANCE IS EASYwith AOTA-Sponsored Group Insurance Plans

P-6180


Education ArticleEarn 1 AOTA CEU

(one contact hour and 125 NBCOT PDU)

See page CE-7 for details

DONNA COSTA DhS OTRL FAOTAUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City UT

RIVKA MOLINSKY OTRLTouro College New York NY

CAMILLE SAUERWALD EDM OTRLThe Richard Stockton College of New Jersey Galloway NJ

This CE Article was developed in collaboration with AOTArsquos Education Special Interest Section

ABSTRACTGraduates of occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant programs are expected to work collaboratively as practitioners Preparing competent practitioners is the goal and outcome of all professional programs Developing oppor-tunities for students to work together during their fieldwork experience enhances their skills for that collaboration in their future as practitioners Academic and fieldwork (clinical) educators are encouraged to create opportunities for occu-pational therapy and occupational therapy assistant students to learn together both in the classroom and during fieldwork experiences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1 Recognize the main components of the collaborative learn-

ing model2 Identify a supervision strategy with multiple fieldwork

students from different levels and schools3 Identify learning experiences for occupational therapy

and occupational therapy assistant students that lead to increased collaboration

INTRODUCTION It is important to start with some common definitions cur-rently used in academic and fieldwork education A term that needs definition is intraprofessional education which is defined as ldquoan educational activity that occurs between two or more professionals within the same discipline with a focus on the participants to work together act jointly and cooper-aterdquo (Jung Solomon amp Martin 2010 p 235) This concept has received considerable attention in the fields of nursing physi-cal therapy and occupational therapy in which there is more than one professional level In nursing there is the licensed

practical nurse and registered nurse in physical therapy there is the physical therapist (PT) and physical therapy assistant (PTA) and in occupational therapy there is the occupational therapist (OT) and occupational therapy assistant (OTA) In intraprofessional education students and practitioners within the same profession are engaged in learning together and subsequently collaborating in the workplace

The second concept that warrants defining is the collab-orative learning model a method used in both interprofes-sional and intraprofessional education ldquoCollaborative learning refers to pairs or small groups engaging in reciprocal learning experiences whereby knowledge and ideas are exchangedrdquo (Rozsa amp Lincoln 2005 p 229)

The collaborative learning model is based on work by Rus-sian educational psychologist Lev Vygotsky (Costa 2007) He theorized that learning has a social component and that people learn best through interaction The collaborative learning model which is an expansion of constructivist learning theory is the opposite of the traditional 11 model in which the field-work educator is the expert Instead students help each other learn and the educator guides the learning process

Collaborative learning is based on four principles1 Knowledge is constructed discovered transformed and

extended by the students The educator creates a setting where students when given a subject can explore ques-tion research interpret and solidify the knowledge they feel is important

2 Students actively construct their own knowledge Students guided by the instructor actively seek out knowledge

3 Education is a personal transaction among students and between educators as they work together

4 All of the above can only take place within a cooperative con-text There is no competition among students to strive to be better than the other Students take responsibility for each otherrsquos learning (Cohn Dooley amp Simmons 2001 p 71)

BACKGROUND LITERATUREThomas Dillon (2001) in interviewing OTOTA teams in Penn-sylvania Ohio and West Virginia found that ldquoboth OTRs and COTAs expressed that effective intraprofessional relationships enhance the quality of OT services provided and strengthen their desire to practice in the fieldrdquo (Dillon 2001 p 1) Dillon said that the essence of the relationship between OTs and OTAs cannot be learned by reading articles on professional role delineation and supervisory guidelines Supervision

CE-1NOVEMBER 2012 n OT PRACTICE 17(21) ARTICLE CODE CEA1112

AOTA Continuing Education ArticleCE Article exam and certificate are also available ONLINERegister at httpwwwaotaorgcea or call toll-free 877-404-AOTA (2682)

CE-2 NOVEMBER 2012 n OT PRACTICE 17(21)ARTICLE CODE CEA1112

of an OTA by an OT is an ongoing process that should mutu-ally enhance the professional growth of each individual both parties have their own set of responsibilities Themes that emerged in this study included the necessity of effective two-way communication the need for mutual respect and the importance of professionalism

Carol Scheerer (2001) described a partnering model used in Ohio between an OT and OTA program in the classroom ldquoPartnering between the OTOTA team needs to become a habit so that future practitioners can use it as part of their daily occupation To develop this partnership practice needs to be embedded in the educational curriculum of future occu-pational therapy practitionersrdquo Scheerer paired students from OT and OTA programs in a series of classroom learning activ-ities The first sessions involved learning about each otherrsquos curriculum and role delineation and then the pairs applied the American Occupational Therapy Associationrsquos (AOTArsquos) Stan-dards of Practice for Occupational Therapy (AOTA 2010c) to a hypothetical case The second set of sessions focused on working on cases in OTOTA pairs then using a Scattergories game format to identify one-word descriptors of an ldquoidealrdquo OTOTA relationship In the third and final set of sessions OT and OTA students were assigned to work as teams to complete joint assignments related to a group process course Later they worked as collaborative research teams with the OTA students serving as research assistants to the OT students All students reported benefitting from the hands-on learning ldquoPracticing interaction teamwork and collaboration as students should provide a lifetime habit of partnering as practitionersrdquo (Scheerer 2001 p 204)

Jung Salvatori and Martin (2008) described a fieldwork study in which seven pairs of OT and OTA students in Canada were jointly assigned to fieldwork placements ldquoStudent participants all agreed that working together in a clinical setting not only enhanced their understanding of each otherrsquos roles including similarities and differences but also fostered the development of competence and confidence in onersquos own skills and abilities as well as onersquos partnerrdquo (Jung et al 2008 p 48) They further wrote ldquopairing OT and OTA students in collaborative fieldwork placementshelliphas not been common practice Nevertheless there is increasing evidence that such collaborative learning experiences can generate posi-tive learning outcomes that include learning about the roles of OTs and OTAs emulating real world practice by pairing student OTs and student OTAs to provide client care and expanding opportunities for collaboration and teamworkrdquo (Jung et al 2008 p 43) The students in this study reported that they learned the importance of developing a working relationship through shared learning effective commu-nication and mutual trust and respect ldquoThrough under-standing each otherrsquos roles and effective communication there emerged a sense of teamwork and genuine interest in collaborating on a comprehensive client plan that ultimately

complemented the delivery of occupational therapy servicesrdquo (Jung et al 2008 p 46)

Another study from Canada by Jung Sainsbury Grum Wilkins and Tryssenar (2002) reported on a joint clinical learning experience between OT and OTA students ldquoThe strength of this collaborative model included allowing stu-dents to learn about the roles of OTs and OTAs emulating real world practice by pairing the student OTs and student OTAs to work together to provide client carerdquo (Jung et al 2002 p 96) ldquoThe importance of collaborative learning which included ideas about partnership and teamwork was evident Learning together led to feelings of respect and trust about the different knowledge and skills each brought to the client as well as the different responsibilities each had in the care of the clientrdquo (Jung et al 2002 p 99)

Higgins (1998) described her experience with supervising OT and OTA students in Massachusetts ldquoAlthough collabora-tion among practitioners is an everyday occurrence collabora-tion among students is not The OTOTA collaborative model of student education provides opportunities that parallel those in the working environment while promoting positive field-work experiences enhanced clinical reasoning development and continued personal and professional educational opportu-nitiesrdquo (Higgins 1998 p 41)

The physical therapy literature yields articles focusing on intraprofessional education between PT and PTA students Matthews Smith Hussey and Plack (2010) reported on a 4-week joint placement between PTs and PTAs in North Carolina and South Carolina that employed a 21 supervision model The placements were designed to provide an authentic experi-ence that enhanced the studentsrsquo knowledge of skills for and attitudes about working together Students kept reflec-tive journals and 14 jurors reviewed these for themes The researchers noted ongoing ldquomisperceptions regarding the roles among both PTs and PTAs that may have impeded a preferred PTndashPTA relationshiprdquo (p 50) The authors concluded with recommendations Establish clear expectations of collabora-tion not competition provide structured feedback develop clear learning contracts clarify individual student roles estab-lish ground rules to facilitate collaborative learning and pair students in the later phases of their educational preparation so that PT students will feel better prepared to delegate patient care to the PTA

In the same article the authors cited Robinson McCall and DePalma (1995) who reported that more than 50 of PTs surveyed in 1992 said they received no information during their professional education on the role of the PTA Subse-quently other studies done in the 1990s indicated that both PTs and PTAs had erroneous perceptions of their respective roles (Robinson et al 1994 Robinson et al 1995) PTs were noted to be either overly restrictive or permissive in working with PTAs Similarly PTAs also varied between being overly restrictive or permissive when interpreting their job roles

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1


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DEPARTMENTSNews 2



















Editor Ted McKenna





































AOTA News








Upcoming Chat







Industry News















Resources

Research Webinars











Intersections
















FROM

ContinuingEducation



























bull schools







ISBN 978-1-56900-335-0


CE-254


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FROM

ContinuingEducation



























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ISBN 978-1-56900-335-0


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NEW Self-Paced

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Claire M Mulry















PHO

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The Gaps and

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Claire M Mulry















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CK

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO















By Andrew Waite























STEVE TAFF

CAThERINE hOYT

GlobalGuatemala

GOING

IN

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

FLA

G copy

SPE

EDFI

GH

TER

B

IGST

OC

K M

AP

CO

UR

TESY

OF

MIC

RO

SOFT

IMA

GES

















PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

FLA

G copy

SPE

EDFI

GH

TER

B

IGST

OC

K M

AP

CO

UR

TESY

OF

MIC

RO

SOFT

IMA

GES

PHO

TOG

RA

PHS

CO

UR

TESY

OF

THE

AU

THO

RS









OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S












OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

























CONNECTIONS































Carolina












ILLU

STR

ATIO

N copy

PAV

LEN

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO


T E C H T A L K


















Melissa R Olson

w



BA

CK

GR

OU

ND

ILLU

STR

ATIO

N

copy W

ILLI

AM

CR

AIG

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO

CO

M
















wwwaotaorgtwitter


AOTA AOTAInc Nov 1










January


February


March


April



Ongoing
































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180

















































By Andrew Waite























STEVE TAFF

CAThERINE hOYT

GlobalGuatemala

GOING

IN

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

FLA

G copy

SPE

EDFI

GH

TER

B

IGST

OC

K M

AP

CO

UR

TESY

OF

MIC

RO

SOFT

IMA

GES

















PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

FLA

G copy

SPE

EDFI

GH

TER

B

IGST

OC

K M

AP

CO

UR

TESY

OF

MIC

RO

SOFT

IMA

GES

PHO

TOG

RA

PHS

CO

UR

TESY

OF

THE

AU

THO

RS









OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S












OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

























CONNECTIONS































Carolina












ILLU

STR

ATIO

N copy

PAV

LEN

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO


T E C H T A L K


















Melissa R Olson

w



BA

CK

GR

OU

ND

ILLU

STR

ATIO

N

copy W

ILLI

AM

CR

AIG

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO

CO

M
















wwwaotaorgtwitter


AOTA AOTAInc Nov 1










January


February


March


April



Ongoing
































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180













































STEVE TAFF

CAThERINE hOYT

GlobalGuatemala

GOING

IN

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

FLA

G copy

SPE

EDFI

GH

TER

B

IGST

OC

K M

AP

CO

UR

TESY

OF

MIC

RO

SOFT

IMA

GES

















PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

FLA

G copy

SPE

EDFI

GH

TER

B

IGST

OC

K M

AP

CO

UR

TESY

OF

MIC

RO

SOFT

IMA

GES

PHO

TOG

RA

PHS

CO

UR

TESY

OF

THE

AU

THO

RS









OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S












OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

























CONNECTIONS































Carolina












ILLU

STR

ATIO

N copy

PAV

LEN

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO


T E C H T A L K


















Melissa R Olson

w



BA

CK

GR

OU

ND

ILLU

STR

ATIO

N

copy W

ILLI

AM

CR

AIG

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO

CO

M
















wwwaotaorgtwitter


AOTA AOTAInc Nov 1










January


February


March


April



Ongoing
































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180


















































PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

FLA

G copy

SPE

EDFI

GH

TER

B

IGST

OC

K M

AP

CO

UR

TESY

OF

MIC

RO

SOFT

IMA

GES

PHO

TOG

RA

PHS

CO

UR

TESY

OF

THE

AU

THO

RS









OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S












OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

























CONNECTIONS































Carolina












ILLU

STR

ATIO

N copy

PAV

LEN

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO


T E C H T A L K


















Melissa R Olson

w



BA

CK

GR

OU

ND

ILLU

STR

ATIO

N

copy W

ILLI

AM

CR

AIG

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO

CO

M
















wwwaotaorgtwitter


AOTA AOTAInc Nov 1










January


February


March


April



Ongoing
































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180











































OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S












OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

























CONNECTIONS































Carolina












ILLU

STR

ATIO

N copy

PAV

LEN

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO


T E C H T A L K


















Melissa R Olson

w



BA

CK

GR

OU

ND

ILLU

STR

ATIO

N

copy W

ILLI

AM

CR

AIG

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO

CO

M
















wwwaotaorgtwitter


AOTA AOTAInc Nov 1










January


February


March


April



Ongoing
































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180













































OTO

GR

APH

S C

OU

RTE

SY O

F TH

E A

UTH

OR

S

























CONNECTIONS































Carolina












ILLU

STR

ATIO

N copy

PAV

LEN

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO


T E C H T A L K


















Melissa R Olson

w



BA

CK

GR

OU

ND

ILLU

STR

ATIO

N

copy W

ILLI

AM

CR

AIG

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO

CO

M
















wwwaotaorgtwitter


AOTA AOTAInc Nov 1










January


February


March


April



Ongoing
































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180

























































CONNECTIONS































Carolina












ILLU

STR

ATIO

N copy

PAV

LEN

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO


T E C H T A L K


















Melissa R Olson

w



BA

CK

GR

OU

ND

ILLU

STR

ATIO

N

copy W

ILLI

AM

CR

AIG

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO

CO

M
















wwwaotaorgtwitter


AOTA AOTAInc Nov 1










January


February


March


April



Ongoing
































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180

































































Carolina












ILLU

STR

ATIO

N copy

PAV

LEN

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO


T E C H T A L K


















Melissa R Olson

w



BA

CK

GR

OU

ND

ILLU

STR

ATIO

N

copy W

ILLI

AM

CR

AIG

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO

CO

M
















wwwaotaorgtwitter


AOTA AOTAInc Nov 1










January


February


March


April



Ongoing
































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180




































T E C H T A L K


















Melissa R Olson

w



BA

CK

GR

OU

ND

ILLU

STR

ATIO

N

copy W

ILLI

AM

CR

AIG

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO

CO

M
















wwwaotaorgtwitter


AOTA AOTAInc Nov 1










January


February


March


April



Ongoing
































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180





































BA

CK

GR

OU

ND

ILLU

STR

ATIO

N

copy W

ILLI

AM

CR

AIG

IS

TOC

KPH

OTO

CO

M
















wwwaotaorgtwitter


AOTA AOTAInc Nov 1










January


February


March


April



Ongoing
































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180







































January


February


March


April



Ongoing
































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180





















































































Only $54900c

D-4410





D-5796









AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180











































AD REGION COLOR KEY




Faculty




F-6219

Faculty



employmentgovstedu




F-6229



















F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180





















































F-6209

west







818-788-1003FX 818-788-1135

W-6239

west



W-6226

west




W-6037






















ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180
























































ampAQ

PHO

TOG

RA

PH C

OU

RTE

SY O

F EL

AIN

E A

DA

MS


















S



AC-116























P-6180




















































S



AC-116























P-6180























































P-6180



































OT Practice November 26 Issue

Documents

Transcript of OT Practice November 26 Issue