Osteomalacia

Zaryab GhauriBatch E

What is Osteomalacia?

Osteomalacia means soft bones often develops because of vitamin D deficiency.

Who gets Osteomalacia?

Elder PeopleFamily History of RicketsBlack RaceSouth Asian Origin

Bone Mineralization

Bone Mineral Hydroxyapatite[Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2]

Vitamin D(Metabolism)

Vitamin D(Functions)

*Intestinal Calcium absorption

*Re-absorption of Calcium from Kidneys

*Interaction with PTH in regulation of blood Calcium

*Mineralization of Bone

OsteoclastsOsteoblastsOsteocytesLining Cells

Pathology in Osteomalacia

Inadequately mineralized Osteoid

Causes Of Osteomalacia

1. Vitamin D deficiencyDietSun Exposure

2. Gastrointestinal CausesGastricIntestinalBilliary

3. Renal CausesChronic Renal FailureRenal Tubular AcidosisLong term Renal DialysisFanconi Syndrome(Poisoning)

4. Tumor Induced Osteomalacia5. Drugs

Phenobarbital (Pubmed)Acetazolamide(JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association)

Ammonium Chloride (http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/jcem-16-5-599)

Disodium Etidronate(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10883448)

Flouride(http://fluoridealert.org/studies/osteoid02/)

Symptoms

>50yrs ageBone PainMuscle WeaknessEasy Fractures

Investigations

CBCElectrolytesLevels Of CalciumPhosphorusCalcium Phosphorus IndexVitamin DALPPTH

Looser’s Zone

Codfish Vertebrae

Trefoil Pelvis

Bone Scan

Treatment

Sun ExposureDietVitamin D supplementation

Prevention

References

http://painreliveonlypt.blogspot.com/2014/10/osteomalacia-causes-risk-factors.html

http://www.arthritisresearchuk.org/arthritis-information/conditions/osteomalacia/what-is-osteomalacia.aspx

http://www.vitaminsestore.com/osteomalacia-causes-treatments-symptoms-and-risk-factors/