OSPFv2

CCNA Exploration v4

Routing Protocols and Concepts

OSPFv2

JHON FREDY HERRERA

Networking Academy

CCNA Exploration v4 modulo 2

CISCO

CISCO NETWORKING ACADEMY

(MEDELLIN)

2010

Mind Wide Open™ BLOG – http://blog.homeunix.net

CCNA 2 | Routing Protocols and Concepts – Cap11 GROUP | “MiNdWiDe”

MiNdWiDe - Group 2

INDICE

Topología.............................................................................................................................. 4

Tabla de direccionamiento .................................................................................................... 5

Tareas a realizar .................................................................................................................... 5

Realización de la configuración básica de los Reuters ......................................................................................... 5

En R1 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5

En R2 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Configurar el direccionamiento plasmado en la tabla de direccionamiento................................................... 7

En R1 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

En R2 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

Configuración de PPP en los Routers ...................................................................................................................... 8 En R1 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8

En R2 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8

Show interface s0/0 .............................................................................................................................................. 9 Tablas de enrutamiento actual en los routers .................................................................................................... 10

En R1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10

En R2 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Configuración de OSPFv2 ........................................................................................................................................ 11 En R1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11

En R2 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Comprobar que OSPF haya convergido correctamente .................................................................................... 12 En R1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12

En R2 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Otros comandos........................................................................................................................................................ 14

En R1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14 En R2 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 15

NOTAS: OSPFv2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 15

¿Cómo calcula el IOS la métrica para OSPF? ....................................................................................................... 16

En R1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16 En R2 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Comprobamos...................................................................................................................................................... 18

Autenticación OSPFv2.............................................................................................................................................. 19 En R1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19

En R2 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19



MiNdWiDe - Group 3

Buen dia,

Esta será la topología.

Topología



MiNdWiDe - Group 5

Tabla de direccionamiento

Dispositivo Interfaz Direccion IPMascara de

subred

Gateway

predeterminado

S0/0 200.13.249.1 255.255.255.252 NO APLICABLE

Fa1/0 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 NO APLICABLE

S0/0 200.13.249.2 255.255.255.252 NO APLICABLE

Fa0/0 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0 NO APLICABLE

R1

R2

Tareas a realizar

Realización de la configuración básica de los Reuters

En este apartado realizaremos solo la configuración como hostname, line console, line vty, exec-

timeout, etc.

En R1

enable configure terminal hostname R1 line console 0 password cisco login exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronous exit line vty 0 4 password cisco exec-timeout 3 0 logging synchronous login exit service password-encryption banner motd / !!¡¡ SOLO PERSONAL AUTORIZADO ¡¡!! / enable secret class clock timezone BOGOTA -5 END clock set 15:35:30 12 january 2010

cop r s



MiNdWiDe - Group 6

En R2

enable configure terminal hostname R2 line console 0 password cisco login exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronous exit line vty 0 4 password cisco exec-timeout 3 0 logging synchronous login exit service password-encryption banner motd / !!¡¡ SOLO PERSONAL AUTORIZADO ¡¡!! / enable secret class clock timezone BOGOTA -5 END clock set 15:35:30 12 january 2010 cop r s



MiNdWiDe - Group 7

Configurar el direccionamiento plasmado en la tabla de direccionamiento

En R1

En R2

En este apartado debemos comprobar que haya conectividad entre los routes.

INTERFACE S0/0 R1(config)#interface s0/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 200.13.249.1 255.255.255.252 R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000 R1(config-if)#description LINK TO R2 R1(config-if)#no shutdown INTERFACE FA1/0 R1(config)#interface fa1/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#description LAN_LOCAL_R1 R1(config-if)#no shutdown

INTERFACE S0/0 R2(config)#interface s0/0 R2(config-if)#ip address 200.13.249.2 255.255.255.252 R2(config-if)#description LINK TO R1 R2(config-if)#no shutdown INTERFACE FA1/0 R2(config)#interface fa1/0 R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#description LAN_LOCAL_R2

R2(config-if)#no shutdown



MiNdWiDe - Group 8

Configuración de PPP en los Routers

En R1

En R2

INTERFACE S0/0 R1(config)#interface s0/0 R1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp R1(config-if)#ppp authentication pap R1(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username R1 password cisco123 R1(config)#username R2 password cisco123

INTERFACE S0/0 R2(config)#interface s0/0 R2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp R2(config-if)#ppp authentication pap R2(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username R2 password cisco123 R2(config)#username R1 password cisco123



MiNdWiDe - Group 9

Show interface s0/0

R1#show interfaces s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is M4T Description: LINK TO R2 Internet address is 200.13.249.1/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, LCP Open Open: IPCP, CDPCP, crc 16, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Restart-Delay is 0 secs Last input 00:00:27, output 00:00:09, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:05:25 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 267 packets input, 4776 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 297 packets output, 6117 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 30 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 30 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up R2#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Prot ocol Serial0/0 200.13.249.2 YES manual up up Serial0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down FastEthernet1/0 172.16.1.254 YES manual up up



MiNdWiDe - Group 10

Tablas de enrutamiento actual en los routers

En R1

En R2

Como podemos observar solo aparecen en las tablas de enrutamiento las redes conectadas

directamente que tienen los routes.



MiNdWiDe - Group 11

Configuración de OSPFv2

En R1

En R2

Con esto debemos obtener el siguiente mensaje de consola:

Jan 12 21:11:31.539: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 200.13.249.1 on Serial0/0 fr om LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#passive-interface default R1(config-router)#no passive-interface s0/0 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 200.13.249.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

R2(config)#router ospf 2 R2(config-router)#passive-interface default R2(config-router)#no passive-interface s0/0 R2(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config-router)#network 200.13.249.0 0.0.0.3 area 0



MiNdWiDe - Group 12

Comprobar que OSPF haya convergido correctamente

En R1

R1#show ip route Jan 12 21:15:05.575: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 200.13.249.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 200.13.249.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 200.13.249.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 172.16.1.0 [110/65] via 200.13.249.2, 00:02:45, Serial0/0

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0



MiNdWiDe - Group 13

En R2

Como podemos observar redes LAN de cada router sean propagado por medio del protocolo de

enrutamiento OSPFv2.

R2#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 200.13.249.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 200.13.249.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 200.13.249.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/65] via 200.13.249.1, 00:05:43, Serial0/0



MiNdWiDe - Group 14

Otros comandos

En R1

R1#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 200.13.249.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:39 200.13.249.2 Serial0/0 R1#show ip ospf interface s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 200.13.249.1/30, Area 0 Process ID 1, Router ID 200.13.249.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT, Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 oob-resync timeout 40 Hello due in 00:00:02 Index 2/2, flood queue length 0 Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1 Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 Adjacent with neighbor 200.13.249.2 Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)



MiNdWiDe - Group 15

En R2

NOTAS: OSPFv2

OSPFv2 Utiliza por defecto las direcciones ip 224.0.0.5, 224.0.0.5 para la comunicación con

sus vecinos.

OSPFv2 envía por defecto cada 10 segundo los HELLO (Esto se utiliza para comprobar que

el vecino este activo).

OSPFv2 Cisco calcula la métrica que es el costo de ospf con base a el ancho de banda del

enlace de SALIDA de cada interface hasta llegar a la red remota y el valor base para el

cálculo que por defecto es de 100000000.

R2#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 200.13.249.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:34 200.13.249.1 Serial0/0 R2#show ip ospf interface s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 200.13.249.2/30, Area 0 Process ID 2, Router ID 200.13.249.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT, Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 oob-resync timeout 40 Hello due in 00:00:09 Index 2/2, flood queue length 0 Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1 Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 Adjacent with neighbor 200.13.249.1

Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)



MiNdWiDe - Group 16

¿Cómo calcula el IOS la métrica para OSPF?

LA FORMALA ES LA SIGUIENTE:

100000000 / ANCHO DE BANDA DEL ENLACE DE SALIDA.

En R1

El ancho de banda de la interface S0/0 de R1 es de 1544 Kbit(T1).

Entonces el costo del primer enlace desde la perspectiva de R1 que sería la interface de salida S0/0

para llegar a la red 172.16.1.0/24 en R2 Tiene un ancho de banda de 1544.

SERIA: 100000000 / 1544000(esto es en bits)= 64 Costo ya que lo redondeamos.

R1#show interfaces s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is M4T Description: LINK TO R2 Internet address is 200.13.249.1/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, LCP Open Open: IPCP, CDPCP, crc 16, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Restart-Delay is 0 secs Last input 00:00:02, output 00:00:05, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:42:03 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/2/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec 898 packets input, 37972 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 944 packets output, 41196 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 30 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

30 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up



MiNdWiDe - Group 17

En R2

El siguiente enlace para llegar a la red 172.16.1.0/24 en R2 es la Fa1/0 en R2 su ancho de banda es

de 100000000 bits.

SERIA: 100000000 / 100000000(esto es en bits)= = 1 Costo

Teniendo todos los costos de todos los enlaces para llegar a la red 172.16.1.0/24 en R2 SUMAMOS

TODOS LOS COSTOS.

64 (S0/0 de R1)+ 1 (Fa1/0 de R2) = 65 el costo total para llegar a la

red 172.16.1.0/24 desde la perspectiva de R1

R2#show interfaces fa1/0 FastEthernet1/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is AmdFE, address is cc01.1784.0010 (bia cc01.1784.0010) Description: LAN_LOCAL_R2 Internet address is 172.16.1.254/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:02:32, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 120 packets input, 9569 bytes Received 120 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored 0 watchdog 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 369 packets output, 38799 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out



MiNdWiDe - Group 18

Comprobamos

R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 200.13.249.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 200.13.249.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 200.13.249.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 172.16.1.0 [110/65] via 200.13.249.2, 00:37:31, Serial0/0

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0



MiNdWiDe - Group 19

Autenticación OSPFv2

En R1

En R2

Si se realizo la autenticación de OSPF correctamente resiviremos el siguiente mensaje de consola:

Este tipo de autenticación utiliza hash MD5 también se puede configurar la autenticación en texto

plano.

NOTA: fredy es la clave que se elige arbitrariamente por el administrador.

R1(config)#interface s0/0 R1(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 fredy R1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#area 0 authentication message-digest

R2(config)#interface s0/0 R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest

R2(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 fredy

Jan 12 22:07:28.159: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Jan 12 22:07:28.331: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 200.13.249.1 on Serial0/0 fr

om LOADING to FULL, Loading Done[OK]



MiNdWiDe - Group 20

GRACIAS…

OSPFv2

Documents

Transcript of OSPFv2