OSPE Trial Yr1 Selanjar2

8/6/2019 OSPE Trial Yr1 Selanjar2

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TRIAL OSPE YR 1TRIAL OSPE YR 1

RICHARD LONGRICHARD LONG

BIRO AKADEMIK BIGSIBBIRO AKADEMIK BIGSIB



Station 1Station 1

AA-- Gene P53,Gene P53,

BB-- cytochrome c,cytochrome c, CC-- Caspase(s)Caspase(s)

2. regulated physiological cell death / programmed2. regulated physiological cell death / programmed

cell death.cell death.

3. local environment and growth factors3. local environment and growth factors

(haemopoietic growth factor)(haemopoietic growth factor)

b.

a. Gene

P__

c.

c.



AA -- Left testicular (ovarian) vein, BLeft testicular (ovarian) vein, B -- superior superior mesenteric artery, Cmesenteric artery, C -- iliacus muscle, Diliacus muscle, D -- psoas psoas

major musclemajor muscle

Branches of celiac trunk: Common hepaticBranches of celiac trunk: Common hepaticartery, Splenic artery, Left gastric arteryartery, Splenic artery, Left gastric artery

Station 2Station 2



AA-- tendon, Btendon, B-- elastic cartilageelastic cartilage

AA ± ± homogenous matrix, fibroblasts, avascular homogenous matrix, fibroblasts, avascular

BB ± ± nonnon--homogenous matrix, elastic fibers inhomogenous matrix, elastic fibers inmatrix, layered by perichondrium,matrix, layered by perichondrium,

chondrocytes in lacunaechondrocytes in lacunae

Station 3Station 3



AA-- skeletal muscle, Bskeletal muscle, B-- cardiac musclecardiac muscle

AA ± ± nucleus at periphery, no intercalated discsnucleus at periphery, no intercalated discs

BB ± ± nucleus at center, with intercalated discsnucleus at center, with intercalated discs Both are striated.Both are striated.

Station 4Station 4



AA -- Serratus anterior muscle, BSerratus anterior muscle, B -- linea alba, Clinea alba, C --

tendinous intersection(s), Dtendinous intersection(s), D -- rectus abdominisrectus abdominis

muscle, Emuscle, E -- external oblique muscleexternal oblique muscle Rectus abdominis muscle¶s actionRectus abdominis muscle¶s action ± ± flexes theflexes the

trunk forwardtrunk forward

Station 5Station 5



AA ± ± lower onelower one--third of esophagusthird of esophagus

BB ± ± upper oneupper one--third of esophagusthird of esophagus

AA ± ± smooth muscle, muscularis mucosae, nonsmooth muscle, muscularis mucosae, non--keratinized stratified squamous epitheliumkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

BB ± ± skeletal muscle, no muscularis mucosae,skeletal muscle, no muscularis mucosae,

nonnon--keratinized stratified squamous epitheliumkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Station 6Station 6



AA -- Supraspinatus muscle, BSupraspinatus muscle, B -- spine of scapula, Cspine of scapula, C --subscapularis muscle, Dsubscapularis muscle, D -- axillary nerve, Eaxillary nerve, E --

musculocutaneous nervemusculocutaneous nerve Axillary nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor Axillary nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor

muscles.muscles.

Station 7Station 7



AA-- serratus posterior inferior ms.serratus posterior inferior ms.

BB-- latissimus dorsi musclelatissimus dorsi muscle

CC-- trapezius muscletrapezius muscle

DD-- rhomboid minor musclerhomboid minor muscle

EE-- levator scapulae musclelevator scapulae muscle

FF-- teres major muscleteres major muscle Nerve supply Nerve supply-- accessory nerve (trapezius muscle),accessory nerve (trapezius muscle),

thoracodorsal nerve (latissimus dorsi muscle)thoracodorsal nerve (latissimus dorsi muscle)

Station 8Station 8

AB

CE

FD



AA -- tibial nerve, Btibial nerve, B -- sciatic nerve, Csciatic nerve, C -- gracilis muscle, Dgracilis muscle, D

-- patella (ligament), E patella (ligament), E -- fibularis (peroneus) longusfibularis (peroneus) longus

musclemuscle

Gracilis muscle is supplied by obturator nerve.Gracilis muscle is supplied by obturator nerve.

The 2 actions of gracilis muscleThe 2 actions of gracilis muscle ± ± adducts thigh, flexesadducts thigh, flexes

knee, rotates leg mediallyknee, rotates leg medially

Station 9Station 9



what are the organ of slide A and slide Bwhat are the organ of slide A and slide B AA -- lymph nodeslymph nodes

BB -- palatine tonsil palatine tonsil

give 3 characteristic of slide Agive 3 characteristic of slide A

there¶s primary and secondary nodules at the cortexthere¶s primary and secondary nodules at the cortex

medullary cords & sinus at medullamedullary cords & sinus at medulla

Subcapsular sinusSubcapsular sinus

give 3 characteristic of slide Bgive 3 characteristic of slide B lined by nonlined by non--keratinized stratisfied squamous epitheliumkeratinized stratisfied squamous epithelium

presence of tonsillar crypts presence of tonsillar crypts

Primary & secondary nodulesPrimary & secondary nodules

Mucus glands & striated muscles under tonsilsMucus glands & striated muscles under tonsils

Station 10Station 10



neutrophilsneutrophils

2 morphological features:2 morphological features:

Nucleus has 2 Nucleus has 2--5 lobes5 lobes Granular cytoplasmGranular cytoplasm

2 functions:2 functions:

PhagocytosisPhagocytosis

Inflammatory mediatorsInflammatory mediators

Defence against invading microorganism.Defence against invading microorganism.




AA-- Superior rectus muscleSuperior rectus muscle

BB-- Tendon of superior oblique ms.Tendon of superior oblique ms.

CC-- medial rectus musclemedial rectus muscle

DD-- lateral rectus musclelateral rectus muscle

State the motor innervations of A, B, C and D.State the motor innervations of A, B, C and D.

A & CA & C ± ± Occulomotor nerve, BOcculomotor nerve, B ± ± Trochlear nerve, DTrochlear nerve, D ± ±

Abducent nerveAbducent nerve

PhotoreceptorsPhotoreceptors ± ± rods & conesrods & cones


A

D

C B



AA-- cingulate gyrus, Bcingulate gyrus, B -- corpus callosum, Ccorpus callosum, C -- septumseptum

pellucidum, D pellucidum, D -- 44thth

ventricle, Eventricle, E -- thalamus, Fthalamus, F --choroid plexus, Gchoroid plexus, G -- fornixfornix

Secretes cerebrospinal fluid.Secretes cerebrospinal fluid.




AA -- Orbicularis oculi muscle (orbital part), BOrbicularis oculi muscle (orbital part), B --

inferior belly of omohyoid muscle, Cinferior belly of omohyoid muscle, C --

supratrochlear artery, Dsupratrochlear artery, D -- parotid gland parotid gland Parotid gland opens opposite the 2Parotid gland opens opposite the 2ndnd upper upper

molar tooth.molar tooth.




AA ± ± jejunum, B jejunum, B ± ± duodenumduodenum

AA ± ± Villous, crypts of Lieberkuhn, GobletVillous, crypts of Lieberkuhn, Goblet

cells, simple columnar epitheliumcells, simple columnar epithelium BB ± ± Brunner¶s glands in submucosa, Villous,Brunner¶s glands in submucosa, Villous,

Goblet cells, crypts of Lieberkuhn, simpleGoblet cells, crypts of Lieberkuhn, simple

columnar epitheliumcolumnar epithelium




1)Name the process that occurs ? 2M

RBC @ Bilirubin metabolism (Hb catabolism)

2)What are X, Y, Z ? 3M

X ± spleen, bone marrow or liver (either one)

Y ± Albumin

Z ± Liver

3)What is the substance that is conjugated to bilirubin

in organ Z? 2M

Glucoronic Acid

4)What is the effect to this process if organ Z is damaged? 3M

bilirubin can¶t be conjugated, increase unconjugated bilirubin in blood, presence of bilirubin in blood

Station 17Station 17 RBC

Break down

into haem

& globin

Organ X

Transported

Via

Protein Y

Undergo

conjugation

Organ Z

Conjugatedbilirubin



AA ± ± inferior vena cavainferior vena cava

BB ± ± ligamentum teres (round lig. of liver)ligamentum teres (round lig. of liver)

CC ± ± Quadrate lobeQuadrate lobe

DD ± ± bare area of liver bare area of liver

Ductus venosusDuctus venosus

Main blood vessel supplying nutrient: Portal veinMain blood vessel supplying nutrient: Portal vein --75%75%

(Hepatic art. only supply 25% of total blood flow)(Hepatic art. only supply 25% of total blood flow)

Station 18Station 18 A

B

C

¡

a)¢

a£

akan struktur yang berlabel A, B, C dan

b) Senaraikan tiga (3) struktur yang£

e£

bentuk bahagian¡

18)



AA ± ± cervix, Bcervix, B ± ± ovaryovary

AA ± ± simple columnar epithelium, cervicalsimple columnar epithelium, cervical

glands in lamina propia, unarranged smoothglands in lamina propia, unarranged smoothmuscle, squamous epithelium near vaginamuscle, squamous epithelium near vagina

BB ± ± simple cuboidal (germinal) epithelium,simple cuboidal (germinal) epithelium,

loose connective tissue & vessels in medulla,loose connective tissue & vessels in medulla,

follicles in various stages of development infollicles in various stages of development in

cortexcortex




Hb = 6.0 g/dL, RBC = 2.0 X 10Hb = 6.0 g/dL, RBC = 2.0 X 101212/L, PCV = 0.2/L, PCV = 0.2

MCV = PCV/RBCMCV = PCV/RBC

= 0.2 / (2 X 10= 0.2 / (2 X 101212))

= 1 X 10= 1 X 10--1313

LL MCH = Hb/RBCMCH = Hb/RBC

= 6 / (2 X 10= 6 / (2 X 101212))

= 3 X 10= 3 X 10--1212 gg

MCHC = Hb/PCVMCHC = Hb/PCV= 6 / 0.2= 6 / 0.2

= 30 g/dL= 30 g/dL




1) Thyroid gland1) Thyroid gland2) Characteristics:2) Characteristics:

1. Lumen of follicles filled with colloid1. Lumen of follicles filled with colloid

2. The follicular epithelium2. The follicular epithelium -- a simple squamous to cuboidala simple squamous to cuboidal

or low columnar epitheliumor low columnar epithelium3. A thin connective tissue capsule surrounds the gland3. A thin connective tissue capsule surrounds the gland

4. The capsule extends into the parenchyma as trabeculae4. The capsule extends into the parenchyma as trabeculae

5. Parafollicular cells in between follicles5. Parafollicular cells in between follicles

Arterial blood supply: Sup. & inf. Thyroid art.Arterial blood supply: Sup. & inf. Thyroid art.




AA-- prostate, B prostate, B-- ejaculatory duct, Cejaculatory duct, C-- UrinaryUrinary

bladder, D bladder, D-- Epididymis, EEpididymis, E-- seminal vesicleseminal vesicle

Arterial blood supply of AArterial blood supply of A -- Inferior vesicalInferior vesicalartery & middle rectal arteryartery & middle rectal artery


C

A

B



AA-- coronary sinus, Bcoronary sinus, B-- ligamentum arteriosum (NOT ductusligamentum arteriosum (NOT ductus

arteriosus) Carteriosus) C-- anterior Interventricular arteryanterior Interventricular artery

SA node supplied by right coronary art (SA nodal art.) in 60% of SA node supplied by right coronary art (SA nodal art.) in 60% of

individuals.individuals. Sympathetic cardiac plexus (T2~T4) & vagus nerve.Sympathetic cardiac plexus (T2~T4) & vagus nerve.


Left bronchus

Coronary sinus

esophagus

Ligamentum

arteriosum



Explain procedure [1]Explain procedure [1]

Permission [1]Permission [1]

Ask patient to roll up sleeve [1]Ask patient to roll up sleeve [1]

Select appropriate cuff size [1]Select appropriate cuff size [1]

Correct positioning of cuff & bladder [1]Correct positioning of cuff & bladder [1]

Test its¶ tightness [1]Test its¶ tightness [1]

Inflate & deflate bladder while taking correct reading [1]Inflate & deflate bladder while taking correct reading [1]

Inform patient of his/her reading [1]Inform patient of his/her reading [1]

Thank the patient [1]Thank the patient [1] Keep equipmentKeep equipment ± ± make sure bladder isn¶t still inflated & it¶smake sure bladder isn¶t still inflated & it¶s

switched off [1]switched off [1]




THANK YOUTHANK YOU

&&

GOOD LUCK IN SELANJAR 2GOOD LUCK IN SELANJAR 2

OSPE Trial Yr1 Selanjar2

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