OSHA Training Institute Education Center © Niagara County Community College Electrical Safety...

OSHA Training Institute Education Center© Niagara County Community College

ElectricalElectrical Safety Safety AwarenessAwareness

Un-QualifiedUn-Qualified

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Training ObjectivesTraining Objectives

1.1. Discuss how electricity can hurt you.Discuss how electricity can hurt you.

2.2. Recognize how to avoid electrical hazards.Recognize how to avoid electrical hazards.

3.3. Describe how to work safely around Describe how to work safely around energized electrical equipmentenergized electrical equipment

4.4. Locate electrically dangerous or unsafe Locate electrically dangerous or unsafe conditionsconditions

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Effects of Electrical Current* on the Body:

Current Reaction• 1 milliamp……………………………….. Just a faint tingle.

• 5 milliamps …………………………….. Slight shock felt. Disturbing, but not painful. Mostpeople can “let go.” However, strong involuntarymovements can cause injuries.

• 6–25 milliamps …………………………. (women)† Painful shock. Muscular control is lost. Thisis the range where “freezing

• 9–30 milliamps…………………………. (men) currents” start. It may not be possible to “let go.”

• 50–150 milliamps ………………………. Extremely painful shock, respiratory arrest (breathingstops), severe muscle contractions. Flexor musclesmay cause holding on; extensor muscles may causeintense pushing away. Death is possible.

• 1,000–4,300 milliamps………………….. Ventricular fibrillation (heart pumping action not(1–4.3 amps) rhythmic) occurs. Muscles contract; nerve damage

occurs. Death is likely.• 10,000 milliamps………………………… Cardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is

(10 amps.) probable.• 15,000 milliamps………………………… Lowest over current at which a typical fuse or circuit

(15 amps.) breaker opens a circuit! TOASTER!!!!!!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Effects are for voltages less than about 600 volts. Higher voltages also cause severe burns.• †Differences in muscle and fat content affect the severity of shock.


Why Respect Electrical hazards?Why Respect Electrical hazards?

ON THE JOBON THE JOBElectrocutions were the Electrocutions were the fifth leading cause of deathfifth leading cause of death from 1980 through from 1980 through

1992. Causing an average of 1992. Causing an average of 411 deaths per year.411 deaths per year.

AT HOMEAT HOMEThe The 5,348 deaths5,348 deaths per year per year caused by electrocutions caused by electrocutions

accounted for accounted for 7% of all fatalities7% of all fatalities

Data from the NIOSH National Traumatic Data from the NIOSH National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance systemOccupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system

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Electrical hazards consist of:Electrical hazards consist of:

ElectrocutionElectrocution (fatal),(fatal),

Electric shockElectric shock,(non-fatal / but HURTS),(non-fatal / but HURTS)

BurnsBurns, , (internal and external)(internal and external)

FallsFalls caused as a result of contact with caused as a result of contact with electrical energy. electrical energy. (ancillary accidents)(ancillary accidents)

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How Does Electricity Work?How do you get Electrocuted?How Does Electricity Work?

How do you get Electrocuted?

ElectricalGeneration

Current CarryingWires

EnergizedConductors

- - - - - - Flow of Electrons

- - - - -

Motor Lights

- + - + - + - + - + -

Electron Flow Back to Earth Ground

ThroughYou

Electrical C

urrent

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Electrical Current KillsElectrical Current Kills

Earth Ground

•Resistance Examples:

•Insulation on wires•Distance from parts•Removing conductive

Jewelry•Not standing in water

Resistance to Electrical Current Protects You

Hand to Hand Current

Hand to Foot Current

Results in Current Through the Heart

With Insufficient Resistance

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EnergizedRod Earth Ground

This arc is an example of a Truly UnguardedElectrical Current

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Energized Wire

Earth Ground

Ground

One Source andMany Paths toEarth Ground

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Water and electricity do not mixWater and electricity do not mix

Water provides a path for electricity to travel Water provides a path for electricity to travel through you. So Please Do Not:through you. So Please Do Not:

1.1. Stand on wet surfaces when Stand on wet surfaces when operating operating electrical electrical equipment.equipment.

2.2. Spray or splash water around Spray or splash water around electrical electrical equipmentequipment

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Extent of injuries received depends onExtent of injuries received depends on

Magnitude Magnitude of current of current (measured in Amperes)(measured in Amperes)

PathwayPathway of the current through the body of the current through the body

DurationDuration of current flow through the body of current flow through the body

Currents of less than 20 Milliamperes (20/1000 of an ampere)can cause you to Not Let Go even if you are being shocked.This small current is 1/1000 of the electricity that will trip a 20 amp. kitchen circuit breaker in your home.

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Electrical Safety Related Electrical Safety Related Work PracticesWork Practices

Covers both Qualified and Unqualified employees working near electrical

conductors and equipment.

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Qualified Person:Is one who has the skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment And installation and has received safety training on theHazards involved.

Unqualified Person:An individual who is not permitted to work on electricalequipment because they do not have the necessary Skills and training to perform the work safely.

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Energized parts that have been de-energized but not locked out shall be treated

as

ENERGIZEDENERGIZED When in DoubtWhen in Doubt Lock it OutLock it Out

Exposed Energized PartsExposed Energized Parts

Only qualified persons are allowed to work on or near exposed energized parts.

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Conductive Materials and EquipmentConductive Materials and Equipment

• Conductive materials (pipes, metal ladders) must be kept away from all energized electrical circuits.• Safe work practices must be used when working with long conductive objects.

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LaddersLadders

Ladders must be dry nonconductivematerials if used around energized parts.

Conductive ApparelConductive Apparel

Conductive clothing and jewelry cannot be worn if they can come in to contact with energized parts.

Metal Frame Glasses, Keys, Pens, Belt Buckles

Dry Wood or Composite Materials

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Vehicular and Vehicular and Mechanical EquipmentMechanical Equipment

Near overhead power linesNear overhead power lines

Equipment must be kept at least 10 ft away.

Vehicles in Transit must be kept at Least 4 ft away.

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General ProtectionGeneral Protection

• Covers shall be closed on Electrical Equipment during operation.•Don’t Reach Inside Energized Electrical Equipment

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IlluminationIllumination

Spaces and work areas that contain energized electrical apparatus must

be well lighted.

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Work in Confined SpacesWork in Confined Spaces

Employees working near exposed energized parts shall be provided with … protective shields, barriers or insulating materials in order to prevent inadvertent contact with energized parts.

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Alerting TechniquesAlerting Techniques

Safety signs, tags, barricades and sometimes attendants must be used to alert employees of electrical hazards.

.335 (b) (1) & (2) & (3)

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Housekeeping DutiesHousekeeping Duties

Adequate safety precautions andnonconductive cleaning materialsmust be used around energized electrical equipment.

Keep areas clear.Keep liquids out.

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Power and Lighting CircuitsPower and Lighting Circuits

• Always use a switch before pulling a cord.•If a switch is available

• Unplug equipment before you work on it.• Always replace a fuse with the proper size fuse

that was designed for the equipment.• Don’t overload circuits.

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Operating Electrical DisconnectsOperating Electrical Disconnects

1.1. Secure the Front CoverSecure the Front Cover2.2. Stand to the SideStand to the Side3.3. Look AwayLook Away4.4. Operate SwitchOperate Switch

Reset Circuit Breakers Reset Circuit Breakers OnceOnceThen get Qualified Employee Then get Qualified Employee

if it trips out again.if it trips out again.

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Lockout, your first defense.Lockout, your first defense.

Lockout Training Lockout Training should be taken if:should be taken if:

You bypass any guards orYou bypass any guards or

You service equipment where it You service equipment where it could start up or the release could start up or the release of energy could harm you orof energy could harm you or

You put yourself in a danger You put yourself in a danger zone when you perform zone when you perform service and maintenance.service and maintenance.Stored Energy

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Portable Electric EquipmentPortable Electric Equipment

• Check cord for defects. .334 (a) 2

• Cords to have third ground prong. • Cords must be suitable for location• Can not lift or lower by cord. .334 (a) 1

• Can Not be run through a door

Grounding

Polarization

DoubleInsulated

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Protective EquipmentProtective Equipment

•Typical Hard hats (type A and B) are non-conductive head protection.

•Non-Conductive Safety Glasses provide some protection to electrical blast dangers and inadvertent electrical contact

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Suggested Electrical Hazard FootwearSuggested Electrical Hazard Footwear

Electrical Hazard Electrical Hazard Protection Shoes:Protection Shoes:

Can be almost any style Can be almost any style including steel toeincluding steel toe

Should be kept dry for best Should be kept dry for best protectionprotection

EH shoes are NOT the same as Electrical Static Shoes

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GFCI ProtectionGFCI ProtectionMeasures current to load and current Measures current to load and current

coming back. The difference could be coming back. The difference could be current going through you.current going through you.

Opens the circuit in milli-secondsOpens the circuit in milli-secondsOpens with less than 7milliampers of Opens with less than 7milliampers of

current differencecurrent difference Can be a fixed receptacleCan be a fixed receptacle Can be part of circuit breakerCan be part of circuit breaker Can be a fixed plugCan be a fixed plugTest before each use on Portable Cord Sets Test before each use on Portable Cord Sets

ResetTest

Supply Load

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Can You Now Locate Electrically Dangerous or Unsafe ConditionsCan You Now Locate Electrically Dangerous or Unsafe Conditions

At Work:At Work:Overloading CircuitsOverloading Circuits

Electrical Covers ClosedElectrical Covers Closed

Conductive Materials and Conductive Materials and EquipEquip

Others __________Others __________

At Home:At Home:Extension CordsExtension Cords

Polarized PlugsPolarized Plugs

GFCI’sGFCI’s

Others _______Others _______

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THANKS Be Careful from now on!


Thank you for your AttentionThank you for your Attention

Did we meet our objectives?Did we meet our objectives?

Can you now:Can you now:1.1. Discuss how electricity can hurt youDiscuss how electricity can hurt you

2.2. Recognize how to avoid electrical hazardsRecognize how to avoid electrical hazards

3.3. Describe how to work safely around Describe how to work safely around electrical equipment electrical equipment

4.4. Locate electrically dangerous or unsafe Locate electrically dangerous or unsafe conditions conditions

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