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OSHA: Challenges in Maximizing Effectiveness of a
Public Health Agency
Safety and Health Summit
National Safety Council, Nebraska Chapter
Omaha, NebraskaMay 16, 2012
David Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant Secretary of Labor
for Occupational Safety and Health
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Fallen workers are remembered at Capitol
CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- A safe working environment and stronger enforcement of labor laws were called for Saturday by numerous policymakers from across the state. "Workers are making money for the companies, but the companies aren't taking care of their workers," said Kenneth Perdue, president of the state AFL-CIO.
Workers Memorial Day reminder for local workplace fatalities
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18
1513
119
5 4.3 4 3.6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Rate of Fatal Work Injuries per 100,000 Workers1970 - 2010
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OSHA’s Continuing Mission More than 4,000 Americans die
from workplace injuries every year.
Perhaps as many as 50,000 workers die from illnesses in which workplace exposures were a contributing factor.
More than 3 million cases of non-fatal workplace injuries and illnesses annually.
The annual cost of occupational injuries and illnesses totals more than $170 billion.
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OSHA levels the playing field for responsible employers competing with those who are trying to cut corners and costs on worker safety.
Leveling the Playing Field
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Number of Employers
OSH CommitmentLITTLE GREAT
Distribution of Employers, by Commitment to Workplace
Safety
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Distribution of Employers, by Commitment to Workplace
Safety
Number of
Employers
OSH CommitmentLITTLE GREAT
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Deterrence Theory OSHA has a range of tools and deterrence
strategies, appropriate for different employers and different situations.
Given (very) limited resources, OSHA’s challenge is to apply the most efficient mix in order to maximize the abatement of hazards, and therefore the prevention on injuries, illnesses and fatalities.
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OSHA Standards Save Lives• 1978 Cotton Dust Standard
virtually eliminated brown lung disease
• 1987 Grain Handling Standard grain bin explosions reduced 42%
• 1989 Excavation & Trenching Standard fatalities reduced 35%
• 1991 Bloodborne Pathogens and 2001 Needlestick Safety & Prevention Act
Hepatitis B infections in healthcare workers reduced 90%
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OSHA Standards
But do OSHA standards kill jobs?
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Clearly, those actions signify U.S. vinyl producers’ confidence that they have solved the “OSHA problem” that threatened the viability of their industry less than two years ago. They have installed the equipment needed to meet the worker-exposure requirements set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, but without inflating production costs to the point where PVC’s growth might be stunted.
CHEMICAL WEEK Sept. 15, 1976
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OSHA Standards
OSHA standards don’t kill jobs.
They stop jobs from killing workers.
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OSHA Standards 2002 - Present2002
Exit Routes, Emergency Action Plans, and Fire Prevention Plans2004
Commercial Diving OperationsFire Protection in Shipyards
2006Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent ChromiumAssigned Protection Factors for Respiratory Protection Equipment
2007Electrical Installation StandardPersonal Protective Equipment Payment
2008Vertical Tandem Lifts
2010Cranes and Derricks in Construction
2011 General Working Conditions in Shipyard Employment
2012Global Harmonized System
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Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling
of Chemicals (GHS)
Biggest visible impact: Look of and information required for labels Signal Words, Pictograms Precautionary Statements Appropriate Hazard Warnings
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Modifications to Labels Sample Hazard Statements
– Fatal if in contact with skin
– Extremely flammable aerosol
– May cause cancer
Two Signal Words
– Danger
– Warning
!
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200 million visitors to OSHA’s website in FY 2011.
200,000 responses to OSHA 1-800 calls for help.
33,000 e-mail requests for assistance answered.
5,300 outreach activities by Regional & Area Offices.
27,000 small businesses helped through Consultation.
OSHACompliance Assistance
OSHACompliance Assistance
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over FY 2011budget for the On-site Consultation Program
$3.2 million increase
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A proactive process to help employers find and fix workplace hazards before workers are hurt.
A
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Alabama
Alaska
Arkansas
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mississippi
Nebraska
New Jersey
New Mexico
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
VirginiaWest Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Louisiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Montana
Nevada
New Hampshire
New York
North Carolina
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Alabama
Alaska
Arkansas
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mississippi
Nebraska
New Jersey
New Mexico
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
VirginiaWest Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Louisiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Montana
Nevada
New Hampshire
New York
North Carolina
Oregon
Utah
Washington
States that Mandate Some Form of Injury and Illness Prevention Program
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FY 02 FY09
All DoD 31.5 18.7
Army 29.3 17.8
Navy 39.8 21.2
Marines 73.8 36.7
Air Force 25.6 16.5
Lost Days /100 Workers
Injury and Illness Prevention ProgramsProtect Workers and Improve the Bottom Line
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FY 2007 – FY 2011
Inspections Conducted
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39,324 38,667 39,004 40,993 40,648
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11
FY 2007 – FY 2011
Inspections Conducted
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Measuring Enforcement Effectiveness
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March 8, 2011: In Mercerville, OH, an OSHA inspector ordered a worker out of an unshored trench, believing collapse was imminent. Five minutes later, the trench collapsed.
April 20, 2011: A similar incident occurred in Auburn, AL.
June 2002, Cincinnati, OH: An employer, cited for several safety violations, continued to operate as usual. An excavation site caved in, entombing a worker. Eight hours later, his body was removed from the trench.When employers ignore OSHA
standards, workers often are injured
or killed.
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Mercerville, OH March 8, 2011 10:00 AM
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Mercerville, OH March 8, 2011 10:05 AM
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Auburn, AL, April 20, 2011
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Cincinnati, Ohio, June 14, 2002
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10% Annual Reduction in Injury RatesPenalty
Inspection
YEARS AFTER THE INITIAL INSPECTION1998-2005
INJURY RATE
HIGH
LOW
1 2 3 4 5
for the first two years after a
Programmed Inspectionwith Penalties
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Incentive Programs
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Incentive Programs If a program primarily consists
of awarding benefits to workers who don’t report injuries, that program is flawed.
Effective safety programs incentivize hazard abatement or other safety-related activities, not whether a worker reported an injury.
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Reporting an Injury is a
Protected ActivityOSHA will investigate if workers are discouraged from reporting injuries by an employer:
Disciplining workers, no matter what the circumstances surrounding the injury
Invoking otherwise ignored safety rules
Offering incentives for not reporting injuries
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Source: 2010 Summary of Grain Entrapments in the United States Riedel S, Field B. Agricultural Safety & Health Program, Purdue Univ.
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Drowned in corn: Grain
bin deaths hit record
Feds step up inspections after accident
that killed 2 Illinois teens
March 08, 2011|By Judith Graham, Tribune reporter
The three young workers sank into a funnel of
corn that pulled them down like quicksand
toward the bottom of the giant grain bin.
Wyatt Whitebread, 14, started screaming as
the kernels moved past his chest, up his chin
and over his head within a matter of seconds.
"We're going to die," moaned Alejandro
"Alex" Pacas, 19, who had jumped into the
sinkhole to try to pull Whitebread out.
Wyatt Whitebread14 years old
Alex Pacas19 years old
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Grain Handling HazardsOSHA response:
Stepped-up enforcement ofgrain facilities
Industry outreach
Hazard Alert
Web site
Fact sheet
Wallet card
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Purdue University researchers report that grain entrapments declined 47 percent in 2011 — a significant drop from the record high in 2010.
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OSHA’s Heat Campaign
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FACT SHEETS
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FACT SHEETS
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POSTERS
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National Weather Service Heat Advisories now
include:TO REDUCE RISK DURING OUTDOOR WORK
THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION RECOMMENDS SCHEDULING
FREQUENT REST BREAKS IN SHADED OR AIR
CONDITIONED ENVIRONMENTS. ANYONE
OVERCOME BY HEAT SHOULD BE MOVED TO
A COOL & SHADED LOCATION. HEAT STROKE
IS AN EMERGENCY. CALL 911.
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Heat Safety Tool
Calculates heat index for worksite location
Displays “risk level” for work at that heat index
Lists protective measures to reduce risk of heat illness
New mobile phone appprovides critical information
for reducing risk of heat illness
during outdoor work
Water ☼Rest ☼ Shade
osha.gov/SLTC/heatillness
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Alabama
Alaska
Arkansas
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mississippi
Nebraska
New Jersey
New Mexico
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
VirginiaWest Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Louisiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Montana
Nevada
New Hampshire
New York
North Carolina
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Alabama
Alaska
Arkansas
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mississippi
Nebraska
New Jersey
New Mexico
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
VirginiaWest Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Louisiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Montana
Nevada
New Hampshire
New York
North Carolina
Oregon
Utah
Washington
States that Mandate Some Form of Injury and Illness Prevention Program
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FY 02 FY09
All DoD 31.5 18.7
Army 29.3 17.8
Navy 39.8 21.2
Marines 73.8 36.7
Air Force 25.6 16.5
Injury and Illness Prevention ProgramsProtect Workers and Improve the Bottom Line
Lost Days /100 Workers
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Residential Fall Protection
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On-site Consultation and OSHA Compliance Assistance Outreach
OSHA Regional and Area Office Outreach Activities on Residential Construction Fall Protection
536 Outreach activities
OSHA On-site Consultation Program Activities on Residential Construction Fall Protection
1,175 Total Site visits
250 Training sessions
200 Presentations
625 Other outreach activities
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Each year over 750 construction workers die on the job in the U.S.
Falls are leading cause of deaths in construction — about 1/3 of all construction fatalities
Of the 255 deaths from falls in construction in the US in 2011, 90 were from roofs, 68 from ladders and 37 from scaffolds
Fall Prevention Campaign
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Nail Gun Safety
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http://youtu.be/kztPC6kqzfI
Distracted Driving
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http://www.osha.gov/distracted-driving/index.html
Distracted Driving
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OSHA was “…the
instrument of a
revolutionary law.
I always looked upon it
as insuring Americans
of a new right in the
Bill of Rights ―
the right to a safe and
healthful workplace.”
Morton Corn, PhD, CSPOSHA Assistant SecretaryFord Administration
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