OSCON 2014 - Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

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Mark Hinkle Senior Director, Open Source Solutions Citrix Inc. [email protected] [email protected] @mrhinkle Last updated: 7/20/2014 Crash Course In Open Source Cloud Computing

description

This crash course is designed to give an overview of cloud computing architecture and the open source software that can be used to deploy and manage a cloud computing environment. Topics to be discussed in this session will include virtualization (KVM, LXC, and Xen Project), orchestration (Apache CloudStack, Eucalyptus, Open Nebula, and OpenStack), and storage (GlusterFS, Ceph, and others). The talk will also provide insight into how to deliver Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and what technologies can be used to compliment this evolving cloud computing paradigm. Systems administrators and IT generalists will leave the discussion with a general overview of the options at their disposal to effectively build and manage their own cloud computing environments using free and open source software and understand the capabilities and benefits of a host of technologies.

Transcript of OSCON 2014 - Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Page 1: OSCON 2014 -  Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Mark HinkleSenior Director, Open Source Solutions Citrix Inc. [email protected]@gmail.com@mrhinkle

Last updated: 7/20/2014

Crash Course In Open Source Cloud Computing

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By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

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ABOUT MEI Help Build Open Source Ecosystems

Open Source Experience

• Manage Citrix Open Source Business Office

• Apache CloudStack Committer and PMC Member

• Advisory boards Gluster and Xen Project

• Joined Citrix via Cloud.com acquisition July 2011

• Zenoss Core open source project to 100,000 users, 1.5 million downloads

• Former LinuxWorld Magazine Editor-in-Chief

• Open Management Consortium organizer

• Author - “Windows to Linux Business Desktop Migration” – Thomson

• NetDirector Project - Open Source Configuration Management

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Slides Available on Slideshare:

http://www.slideshare.net/socializedsoftware

Creative Commons Attributions-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or formatAdapt — remix, transform, and build upon the materialfor any purpose, even commercially.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

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AGENDA

• Vetting Open Source Cloud Projects

• What is Cloud in 60 Seconds

• Virtualization

• Infrastructure-as-a-Service

• SDN

• Open Source for the Amazon Web Services

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VETTING OPEN SOURCE PROJECTSHow can you tell if they’re Legit

• Code Velocity

• Committers

• Committer Reputation

• User-driven or Vendor-Driven

Innovation

• User Activity

• Corporate Support*

• Reputation of Foundation*

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OPEN SOURCE ANALYSISVisualizing Community Activity

http://www.ohloh.net http://activity.openstack.org

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60 SECOND CLOUD DEFINITION

5 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD

1. On-Demand Self-Service2. Broad Network Access3. Resource Pooling4. Rapid Elasticity5. Measured Service

SaaS

PaaS

IaaS

User Cloud a.k.a. SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE

Developer Cloud a.k.a. PLATFORM-AS-A-SERVICE

Systems Cloud a.k.a. INFRASTRUCTURE-AS-A-

SERVICE

Just because Software Marketing Guys Think it’s the Internet

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Vertical Scaling (Scale-Up) Allocate additional resources to VMs, requires a reboot, no need for distributed app logic, single-point of OS failure

Horizontal Scaling (Scale-Out) Application needs logic to work in distributed fashion (e.g. HA-Proxy and Apache Hadoop)

SCALE-UP SCALE OUTElasticity and the cloud

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HYPERVISORS AND CONTAINERSDifferences in virtualization

Type 1 HypervisorsVMware, Xen Project, Hyper-V

Type 2 HypervisorsKVM, VirtualBox

ContainersLXC

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VIRTUALIZATIONCarving up compute resources

OPEN SOURCE

• Xen Project

• Citrix XenServer

• KVM

• VirtualBox

• OpenVZ

• LXC

PROPRIETARY

• VMware

• Microsoft Hyper-V

• OracleVM (Based on Xen Project)

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OPEN VIRTUALIZATION FORMATSVirtualization Payloads

Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is an open standard for packaging and distributing virtual appliances or more generally software to be run in virtual machines.

Formats for hypervisors/cloud technologies:

• Amazon - AMI• KVM – QCOW2• VMware – VMDK• Xen Project– IMG• Hyper-V - VHD – Virtual Hard Disk • LXC – local file system/mount point -

Docker*

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LINUX CONTAINERS (LXC)“Lightweight” Linux Virtualization

• Lets your run a Linux system within

another Linux system

• A container is a group of processes on a

Linux box, put together the provide an

isolated environment

• From the inside, it looks like a VM

• Externally it looks like normal processes

• “chroot on steroids”

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THE PORTABILITY PROBLEMContainers compared to Hardware Virtualization

• Different file formats for virtual machines• VMware uses vmdk file format, Xen and Hyper-

V use VHD, KVM uses Raw or QCOW2• Guest images may be “processor architecture”

bound• VMware and Xen can manage SCSI devices, but

KVM cannot• KVM and Xen can use virtio drivers but not

VMware• VMware uses a proprietary agent inside the

guest OS (VMware tools) which does not work with Xen or KVM

• Xen uses VirtIo and ParaVirtualized drivers, Xen uses

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CONTINUOUS INTEGRATIONRebuild Applications on any Cloud and/or Virtualized Infrastructure

• Code – Application is stored in a repository (Subversion,Git)

• Build – Code is built (Jenkins)• Test – Unit tests are

automated (Jenkins)• Deploy – Deploy code to

server various ways

Code

Build

Test

Deploy

Thoughtworks Go – Open Source Continuous Deliver System

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DOCKER CONTAINER PACKAGINGOpen source LXC Packaging Engine

Docker is an open-source project to easily

create lightweight, portable, self-sufficient

containers from any application. The same

container that a developer builds and tests

on a laptop can run at scale, in production,

on VMs, bare metal, public clouds and

more.

To learn more please visit: www.docker.io

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WHAT IS DOCKERSystem for Managing and Deploying LXC Containers

• Compliment to LXC not a replacement

• Managed daemonized processes on Linux

using LXC

• Create ability to re-use and manage similar

applications

• Content agnostic

• Hardware agnostic

• Easy to automate

• Integrated with other tools: Chef, OpenShift,

Puppet, VMware, etc.

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KUBERNETESContainer Cluster Management – Scheduler

Kubernetes builds on top of Docker to

construct a clustered container scheduling

service. Kubernetes enables users to ask

a cluster to run a set of containers. The

system will automatically pick worker

nodes to run those containers on, which

we think of more as "scheduling" than

"orchestration”

To learn more please visit: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes

Greek for Shipmaster

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APACHE MESOSOne to many tools for managing large numbers of devices

Apache Mesos is a cluster manager that simplifies the

complexity of running applications on a shared pool of

servers. Largely supported by Twitter, used by LinkedIn,

AirBNB too.

Features

• Fault-tolerant replicated master using ZooKeeper

• Scalability to 10,000s of nodes

• Isolation between tasks with Linux Containers

• Multi-resource scheduling (memory and CPU aware)

• Java, Python and C++ APIs for developing new

parallel applications

• Web UI for viewing cluster state

To learn more please visit: http://mesos.apache.org/

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APACHE ZOOKEEPERCentralized Server to Service Distributed Apps

ZooKeeper is a centralized service for

maintaining configuration information,

naming, providing distributed

synchronization, and providing group

services. All of these kinds of services

are used in some form or another by

distributed applications

To learn more please visit: http://zookeeper.apache.org/

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INFRASTRUCTURE-AS-A-SERVICECompute Orchestration

Project Year Started License Virtualization Technologies

Apache CloudStack

2008 Apache (Bare Metal), Xenserver, KVM, LXC VMware Hyper-V

Eucalyptus 2006 GPL Xen, KVM, VMware (commercial version)

OpenNebula 2005 Apache Xen, KVM, VMware

OpenStack 2010 (Developed by NASA by Anso Labs previously)

Apache VMware ESX and ESXi, , Xen, XenServer, KVM, LXC, QEMU and Virtual Box

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OPENSTACKThe Boy Band of the Open Source Cloud

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OPENSTACK SHARED SERVICESSpan Compute, Storage and Networking

IDENTITYSERVICE

IMAGESERVICE

TELEMETRY SERVICE

ORCHESTRATION SERVICE

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EVEN MORE OPENSTACK PROJECTSSpan Compute, Storage and Networking

• Cinder Block Storage Service

• CeilometerMetering/Monitoring

• HeatOrchestration

• TroveDatabase Service

• IronicBare Metal (Ironic)

• MarconiQueue Service

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OPENSTACK SOLUTION PROVIDERSIf you can’t do it yourself

“OpenStack is not a product. If you are building a large infrastructure, it’s more like a tool kit. It gives you a lot of technologies that do take a lot of effort to integrate.”

Chris Kemp, OpenStack Board Member and Co-FounderCEO of Piston Computing

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CLOUD APISEverything (should) have an API in the Cloud

• Deltacloud(ruby)

• Daisein(java)

• Jclouds(java)

• Libcloud(python)

• Fog(ruby)

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CLOUD STORAGEVirtualized, Distributed usually on Commodity HardwareProject Description

Ceph Distributed file storage system developed by DreamHost -> InkTank -> Red Hat (block, object, file)

GlusterFS Scale Out NAS system aggregating storage over Ethernet or Infiniband (file)

OpenStack Storage

Long-term object storage system (object)

Riak CS Riak CS is open source software designed to provide simple, available, distributed cloud storage at any scale. Riak CS is S3-API compatible and supports per-tenant reporting for billing and metering use cases. (object)

Sheepdog Distributed storage for KVM hypervisors, distributed iSCSI

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PLATFORM-AS-A-SERVICEAbstracted Cloud-Scale Run-Time Environments

Project Sponsors Languages/Frameworks

CloudFoundry VMware -> Pivotal -> CloudFoundry Foundation

Spring for Java, Ruby for Rails and Sinatra, node.js, Grails, Scala on Lift and more via partners (e.g. Python, PHP)

Cloudify Gigaspaces [Groovy for deployment recipes]

OpenShift Origin Red Hat Java, Ruby, PHP, Perl and Python

Apache Stratos WSO2 - >Apache Stratus PHP, Tomcat, MySQL “cartridges”

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SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING(SDN)Virtualization meets the network

Decoupling of the control and data planes of the network to improve efficiency. Communication from a SDN controller via a protocol to network devices both physical and virtual.

Automation

Dynamic Networks

Security

Heterogeneous Management

Abstractions allow for programmable networks.

Network can be changed quickly via a controller

Network offerings can match virtualization offerings for finer grained security in a highly volatile compute landscape.

Single control point for various devices.

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Business Applications

Network Services

SDN Control Software

API API

Network DevicesNetwork DevicesNetwork Devices

Network DevicesNetwork DevicesNetwork Devices

ApplicationLayer

Control Layer

InfrastructureLayer

Control Data Plane Interface (e.g. OpenFlow)

SDN OVERVIEW

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BENEFITS OF SDNNetwork Virtualization is the final frontier of Software Defined Datacenter

• Dynamically update networks• Automate network

functionality• “Program” security into the

network• Centrally apply policies to

network and services• Optimize networks

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OPENFLOWVirtualization meets the network

OpenFlow enables networks to evolve, by giving a remote controller the power to modify the behavior of network devices, through a well-defined "forwarding instruction set". The growing OpenFlow ecosystem now includes routers, switches, virtual switches, and access points from a range of vendors.

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Project Description

Floodlight The Floodlight Open SDN Controller is an enterprise-class, Apache-licensed, Java-based OpenFlow Controller. It is supported by a community of developers including a number of engineers from Big Switch Networks. - See more at: http://www.projectfloodlight.org/floodlight/#sthash.9IhA1Ih5.dpuf

Indigo Indigo is an open source project aimed at enabling support for OpenFlow on physical and hypervisor switches. Big Switch has helped numerous companies OpenFlow enable their equipment, and we provide firmware for a number of popular switches. Indigo is the basis of Switch Light by Big Switch Networks. - See more at: http://www.projectfloodlight.org/indigo/#sthash.K7LiHcqc.dpuf

Lincx LINCX is a pure OpenFlow software switch written in Erlang. It runs within a separate domain under Xen hypervisor using LING (erlangonxen.org).

Nox NOX is the original OpenFlow controller, and facilitates development of fast C++ controllers on Linux.

Open Daylight Linux Foundation Collaborative Project based on Cisco One Controller and plugins from numerous vendors in development. E.g IBM DOVE

Open vSwitch Open vSwitch is a open source (ASL 2.0), multilayer virtual switch designed to enable massive network automation through programmatic extension, while still supporting standard management interfaces and protocols (e.g. NetFlow, sFlow, SPAN, RSPAN, CLI, LACP, 802.1ag).

OPEN SOURCE SDNSoftware Defined Network Controllers and more

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OPEN VSWITCH

Open vSwitch is a production quality,

multilayer virtual switch licensed under the

open source Apache 2.0 license. It is

designed to enable massive network

automation through programmatic extension,

while still supporting standard management

interfaces and protocols (e.g. NetFlow, sFlow,

SPAN, RSPAN, CLI, LACP, 802.1ag).

To learn more please visit our website: http://openvswitch.org/

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Project Year Started Language License Client/Server

CFengine 1993 C Apache Yes

Chef 2009 Ruby Apache Chef Solo – No Chef Server - Yes

Puppet 2004 Ruby GPL Yes & standalone

Salt 2011 Python Apache yes

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Open Cloud by @mrhinkle 34

CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT TOOLSTools with features for configuring cloud infrastructure

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Project Description

Ansible Ansible's SSH-key based access allows contributors to the Fedora Project to assist in automating infrastructure while having access limited appropriately. (Originally authored Func)

Capistrano Utility and framework for executing commands in parallel on multiple remote machines, via SSH. It uses a simple DSL that allows you to define tasks, which may be applied to machines in certain roles

RunDeck Rundeck is an open-source process automation and command orchestration tool with a web console.

Func Func provides a two-way authenticated system for generically executing tasks, integrations with puppet and cobbler.

MCollective The Marionette Collective AKA MCollective is a framework to build server orchestration or parallel job execution systems.

Salt Execute arbitrary shell commands or choose from dozens of pre-built modules of common (or complex) commands.

Scalr Provide scaling across multiple cloud computing platforms, integrates with Chef.

CLOUD AUTOMATION TOOLSOne to many tools for managing large numbers of devices

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ASGARD ASTYANAX EDDA

EUREKA PRIAM SIMIAN ARMY

36

http://netf

lix.github.comNETFLIX AWS TOOLBAGTools developed by a super Amazon Web Services Power User

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CONTACT MEHappy to Chat about Open Source, Cloud or Pittsburgh Sports

Professional: [email protected]: [email protected]

Phone: 919.228.8049

Professional: http://open.citrix.comPersonal: http://www.socializedsoftware.com

Twitter: @mrhinkle

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APPENDIX AAdditional Links to related stuff

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• Devops Toolchains Group• Software Defined Networking: The New Norm for Networks (Whitepap

er)• DevOps Wikipedia Page• NoSQL-Database.org – Ultimate Guide to the Non-Relational Universe• Open Cloud Initiative• NIST Cloud Computing Platform• Open Virtualization Format Specs• Clouderati Twitter Account• Planet DevOps• Nicira Whitepaper – It’s Time to Virtualize the Network• Why Open vSwitch FAQ• Stanford Seminar - Software-Defined Networking at the Crossroads

ADDITIONAL LINKS

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• SDN, NFV, and open source: The Operator’s View

• Puppet Labs: Build a Toolbox for Continuous Delivery

ADDITIONAL LINKS (CONT’D)

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APPENDIX BStuff I’d liked to have talked about but didn’t have time

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SOURCING CLOUD APPLIANCESPackaging Engines for VMs

Tool/Project What you can do with them

Bitnami BitNami provides free, ready to run environments for your favorite open source web applications and frameworks, including Drupal, Joomla!, Wordpress, PHP, Rails, Django and many more.

Boxgrinder BoxGrinder is a set of projects that help you grind out appliances for multiple virtualization and Cloud providers

Oz Command-line tool that has the ability to create images for common Linux distributions to run on KVM

SUSE Studio SUSE Studio supports building and deploying directly to cloud services such as Amazon EC2.

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Project Type of Monitoring Collection Methods

Cacti / RRDTool Performance SNMP, syslog

Graphite Performance Agent

Nagios Availability SNMP,TCP, ICMP, IPMI, syslog

Sensu Availability Agent

Zabbix Availability/ Performance and more SNMP, TCP/ICMP, IPMI, Synthetic Transactions

Zenoss Availability, Performance, Event Management

SNMP, ICMP, SSH, syslog, WMI

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CLOUD MONITORING TOOLSTools with features for monitoring cloud infrastructure

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Project Installation Targets

Apache Provisionr (incubating)

Can provision 10s to 1000s of machines on various clouds.

Cobbler Distributed virtual infrastructure using koan (kickstart of a network to PXE boot VMs) for Red Hat, OpenSUSE Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu VMs

Crowbar (Bare metal provisioning)

JuJu Public Clouds - Amazon Web Services HP Cloud, Private OpenStack clouds, Bare Metal via MAAS.

Salt Cloud Tool to provision “salted” VMs that can then be updated by a central server via ZeroMQ

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Open Cloud by @mrhinkle 44

CLOUD PROVISIONING TOOLSPackaging Engines for VMs

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BIG DATA

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NOSQL DATABASESHorizontally scalable unstructured data retrieval

Name Type DescriptionApache Cassandra

Wide Column Store/Families

API: many » Query Method: MapReduce, Replicaton: , Written in: Java, Concurrency: eventually consistent , Misc: like "Big-Table on Amazon Dynamo alike", initiated by Facebook

CouchDB Document Store API: Memcached API+protocol (binary and ASCII) , most languages, Protocol: Memcached REST interface for cluster conf + management, Written in: C/C++ + Erlang (clustering), Replication: Peer to Peer, fully consistent, Misc: Transparent topology changes during operation, provides memcached-compatible caching buckets

HBase Wide Column Store/Families

API: Java / any writer, Protocol: any write call, Query Method: MapReduce Java / any exec, Replication: HDFS Replication, Written in: Java

Hypertable Wide Column Store/Families

PI: Thrift (Java, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, etc.), Protocol: Thrift, Query Method: HQL, native Thrift API, Replication: HDFS Replication, Concurrency: MVCC, Consistency Model: Fully consistent Misc: High performance C++ implementation of Google's Bigtable.

MongoDB Document Store API: BSON, Protocol: C, Query Method: dynamic object-based language & MapReduce, Replication: Master Slave & Auto-Sharding, Written in: C++,Concurrency

Redis Key Value/ Tuple Store API: Tons of languages, Written in: C, Concurrency: in memory and saves asynchronous disk after a defined time. Append only mode available. Different kinds of fsync policies. Replication: Master / Slave, Misc: also lists, sets, sorted sets, hashes, queues.

Riak Key Value / Tuple Store API: JSON, Protocol: REST, Query Method: MapReduce term matching , Scaling: Multiple Masters; Written in: Erlang, Concurrency: eventually consistent (stronger then MVCC via Vector Clocks)

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MAP REDUCEAlgorithm for Parallelized Data Set Processing

Problem Data

Master Node

WorkerNode 1

Worker Node 2

Worker Node 3

Solution Data

Map

Reduce

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APACHE HADOOPApache Project for Parallelized Data Set Processing

Overview

• Handles large amounts of data

• Stores data in native format• Delivers linear scalability at

low cost• Resilient in case of

infrastructure failures• Transparent application

scalability

Features

• Handles large amounts of data

• Stores data in native format• Delivers linear scalability at

low cost• Resilient in case of

infrastructure failures• Transparent application

scalability

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Hadoop Hadoop Common

HDFSDistributes & replicates data

across machines

MapReduceDistributes & monitors tasks

Hive Data warehouse that

provides SQL interface. Ad hoc projection of

data structure to unstructured

MapReduce

• Parallel programming• Handles large data blocks

Non-Relational DB

HBase Column-oriented

schema-less distributed DB modeled after Google’s BigTableRandom real time

read/write.

Scripting

PigPlatform for

manipulating and analyzing large data sets.

Scripting language for analysts.

Mahout Machine learning

libraries for recommendations ,

clustering, classifications and item sets.

Machine Learning

Chuc

kwa

Zook

eepe

rAPACHE HADOOP ECOSYSTEM