Orthogonal Views - Concordia...
Transcript of Orthogonal Views - Concordia...
![Page 1: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal1
AutoCAD
Level I
Instructor: Dr.Ashok KaushalE-mail: [email protected]
Topics Orthogonal Views
Reference Textbooks for PresentationEngineering Drawing & Design, Cecil Jensen,
McGraw-Hill Ryerson, ISBN 0-07-548922-8
Continuing Education Department
![Page 2: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal2
AutoCAD
Level ITheory of Shape Description1.Three dimensional “pictorial drawings” represent objects
with just one view.– Views can be isometric, oblique and perspective.
2. Two dimensional “orthogonal projections” show what one would see looking directly at at one side face of an object.
– Views can be front, top, left side, right side, rear and bottom.
– Features are projected from one view to another.– Canada & the United States use third-angle projection
![Page 3: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal3
AutoCAD
Level IOrthographic Projection & Pictorial Drawings
Orthographic projection Pictorial Drawings
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal4
AutoCAD
Level ISystematic Arrangement of Views
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal5
AutoCAD
Level IViewing the object from all six sides
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal6
AutoCAD
Level IObject enclosed in a glass box
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal7
AutoCAD
Level IUnfolding glass box - 3rd Angle layout of views
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal8
AutoCAD
Level IThird angle layout of views
![Page 9: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal9
AutoCAD
Level IThird Angle Orthogonal projection
![Page 10: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal10
AutoCAD
Level IMatch isometric with orthogonal views
![Page 11: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal11
AutoCAD
Level IMatch isometric with orthogonal views
![Page 12: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal12
AutoCAD
Level IMatch isometric with orthogonal views - Results
![Page 13: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal13
AutoCAD
Level IHidden Lines1. Many features (lines, holes, etc) can not be
seen when viewed from outside the piece depending on the view.
2. These hidden edges are called hidden lines and are required on drawings to show the true shape of the objects.
![Page 14: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal14
AutoCAD
Level IHidden Lines
![Page 15: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal15
AutoCAD
Level IObjects with hidden lines
![Page 16: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal16
AutoCAD
Level IInclined Surfaces
1. If the surfaces of an object lie in either a horizontal or a vertical positon, then– the surfaces appear in their true shapes in one of the
three views– these surfaces appear as a line in the other two views. 2. When a surface is inclined or sloped in only one direction, then
– that surface is not seen in its true shape in the top, front or side view.
– it is ,however seen in two views as a distorted surface. – on the third view it appears as a line. – Sometimes an auxiliary view is required.
![Page 17: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal17
AutoCAD
Level ISloping Surfaces
NOTE: The true shape of surfaces A and B do not appearon the top and side views.
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal18
AutoCAD
Level IObjects with sloping surfaces
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal19
AutoCAD
Level ICircular features
1. Circular features appear circular in one view only.2. No line is used to indicate where a curved surface joins a
flat surface.3. Hidden circles ,like hidden flat surfaces , are represented
on drawings by a hidden line.4. A centre line
– is drawn as a thin, broken line of long and short dashes, spaced alternately.
– should project for a short distance beyond the outline of the part or feature to which they refer.
– they may be extended to be used as extension lines for dimensioning purposes
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal20
AutoCAD
Level IObjects with circular features
![Page 21: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal21
AutoCAD
Level ICentre lines
![Page 22: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal22
AutoCAD
Level IOblique Surfaces1. When a surface is sloped so that it is not
perpendicular to any of the three viewing planes– it will appear as a surface in all three views– but never in its true shape.
2. Since the oblique object surface is not perpendicular to the viewing planes– it can not be parallel to them– and consequently appears foreshortened.
3. If a true view is required for this surface, two auxilary views are required.
![Page 23: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal23
AutoCAD
Level IOblique surface A not true shapein any of the 3 views
![Page 24: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal24
AutoCAD
Level IObjects with oblique surfaces
![Page 25: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal25
AutoCAD
Level IMatch isometric with orthogonal views
![Page 26: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal26
AutoCAD
Level IMatch isometric with orthogonal views
![Page 27: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal27
AutoCAD
Level IMatch isometric with orthogonal views - Result
![Page 28: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal28
AutoCAD
Level IOne view and two view drawings
1. Views should be chosen that will best describe the object to be shown.
2. Only the minimum number of views that will completely portray the the size and shape of the part should be used.
3. The views should be chosen to avoid hidden feature lines when possible.
![Page 29: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal29
AutoCAD
Level IAvoidance of hidden-line features
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal30
AutoCAD
Level IOne view drawings1. In one view drawings, the third dimension,
such as thickness, may be expressed – by a note i.e. thickness is– by descriptive words or abbreviations such as
DIA, Radius, or Hexagon across flats
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal31
AutoCAD
Level IOne view drawings
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal32
AutoCAD
Level ITwo-view drawings1. Frequently a drafter will decide that only
two views are necessary to explain fully a shape of an object.
2. Therefore, some drawings consist of two adjacent views– top and front views only– front and right views only
3. Two views are usually sufficient for cylindrical objects.
![Page 33: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal33
AutoCAD
Level ITwo view drawings
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal34
AutoCAD
Level IPartial views1. Symmetrical objects are often adequately portrayed by half
views.– a center line line is used to show the axis of symmetry.– two short lines ,above and below the the view of the
object, are drawn at right angles to and on the centre line to indicate the line of symmetry.
2. Partial views, which show only a limited portion of the object with remote details omitted, should be used to clarify the meaning of the drawing.
3. Occasionally two side views can be used to better depict the shape.
![Page 35: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal35
AutoCAD
Level IPartial views
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal36
AutoCAD
Level IEnlarged views1. Enlarged views are used
– when it is desirable to show a feature in greater detail
– to eliminate the crowing of details or dimensioning
2. If the enlarged view is rotated– state the direction of rotation– the amount of rotation of the detail
3. The scale of enlargement must be shown.
![Page 37: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal37
AutoCAD
Level IEnlarged view of feature
![Page 38: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal38
AutoCAD
Level IEnlarged view of assembly
See Detail AScale shown ondrawing.
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal39
AutoCAD
Level IEnlarged view removed
View BScale 5:1
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal40
AutoCAD
Level ISpacing the views1. Views should be well balanced on the drawing paper
for clarity and provide a professional presentation of the work.
2. The designer must anticipate the approximate space limits required for all the views to be properly shown.– This is determined from
• the size of the object to be drawn• the number of views• the scale used• the space between the views
– (providing the same space between the front and top views as between the front and side views)
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal41
AutoCAD
Level IBalancing the Drawing on the Drawing Paper.
Deciding the viewsto be drawn and thescale to be used.
Calculating distancesA and B.
Establishing locationof planes 1 and 2.
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal42
AutoCAD
Level IUse of a Mitre Line1. The use of a Mitre line at 45 degrees
provides a fast and accurate method of constructing the third view once two views are known.
2. It is a technique that comes from manual drafting but is still effective for 2D CAD drawings when only 2 views are provided.
![Page 43: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal43
AutoCAD
Level IUse of a mitre line
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal44
AutoCAD
Level ICompletion test - Missing top view
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal45
AutoCAD
Level ICompletion test - Missing side view
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal46
AutoCAD
Level ICompletion test - Missing front view
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal47
AutoCAD
Level IObject with circular surfaces
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Dr. Ashok Kaushal48
AutoCAD
Level IObject with oblique surfaces
![Page 49: Orthogonal Views - Concordia Universityusers.encs.concordia.ca/~kaushal/CONTED/CI-811-acad_intro/lecture_7.pdfAutoCAD Theory of Shape Description Level I 1.Three dimensional “pictorial](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e769de3f13fa456636412a1/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Dr. Ashok Kaushal49
AutoCAD
Level IPortfolio1. Use Concordia University 3 ring binder. Your choice of
color.2. A title page is required.
– Concordia University– Computer Institute– Course CI811 : AutoCAD Level I – Student name– Date submitted
3. A table of contents is required.4. Include your term projects.5. All term drawings and your project must be submitted on a
CDR or Zip disk.6. Marks are given for professional presentations.