Ornamental Horticulture Unit: Seeds to Flowers Floral Design Miss. Perry.
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Transcript of Ornamental Horticulture Unit: Seeds to Flowers Floral Design Miss. Perry.
Seeds – General Information
• Mature, fertilized eggs contained inside fruit
•Range in size from a few millimeters to a few inches
•Can be flat, round or cylinder-shaped
•Distributed by wind, water or animals
Basic Parts of a Seed:
• Seed embryo – complete miniature plant in a resting stage– Divided into the epicotyl and hypocotyl
• Endosperm – stored food that contains sugars, proteins, and fats; used during the first stages of development
• Seed coat – tissue that surrounds the embryo and the stored food; protects seed from H2O loss and injury
Germination•The process of a seed developing into a plant
• Requirements:
Adequate moisture
Oxygen
Proper temperature
Light
Steps in Germination
Process Seed absorbs water
Water cracks the seed coat, activating growth
Root shoot (hypocotyl) begins to grow downward
Stem shoot (epicotyl) begins to grow upward
Normal growth continues . . . Green leaves begin to develop
What is a bulb?
• An underground stem that contains an embryonic plant inside • Will begin to grow when the conditions are
right
• Scales: Modified leaves that overlap each other; gives the bulb a swollen, pear-shaped look; protects the embryo inside
• The base of the bulb is called the basal plate. It holds the bulb together and produces roots. • Bulbs can live for many years.
• They will produce new, smaller bulbs from the basal plate.
Buying & Planting Bulbs
• Look for plump, firm bulbs. A soft, mushy feel is an indication of rot.
• Dormant bulbs will not have leaves or roots.
Dormant period: the time period when plants are not actively growing (growth is slowed down – usually during winter)
• Bulbs should be bought and planted during the dormant period
Planting Bulbs
• Soil – bulbs need good drainage (otherwise roots will drown and the bulb itself will rot)
• Always determine proper planting depth. Different types of bulbs require different depths.
• Water – Most bulbs need water from the moment they begin growing until after they flower
Functions of Flowers
• Aid in sexual reproductionContain reproductive partsAttract insects for
pollination (bright colors, fragrant scents)
Complete Flowers
Made up of 5 parts:
1) Receptacle – the enlarged stem tip, to which other flower parts are attached
2) Sepals – form an outer circle of leaf-like structures; collectively called the calyx
Protect the flower bud
3) Petals – colorful parts of the flower; collectively called the corolla
4) Stamens – male parts of the flower
Located inside the petals
Some secrete sugary nectar Some secrete fragrant compounds
Made of the filament and anther
5) Pistils – the female parts of the flower; located in the center of the pollen
Made of 3 parts:
Stigma – sticky surface that captures pollen Style – support structure that leads from stigma to ovary
Ovary – enlarged part where seeds are formed
Incomplete Flowers• Missing one or more of the 5 basic flower
parts
Perfect Flowers (Bisexual)• Have both male and female flower organs
Imperfect Flowers (Unisexual)
• Flowers that have either male OR female organs – not both