Origins of the Cold War

Ch 13.1

Monday, May 7, 2012

• Daily goal(s): Understand the causes of the Cold War.

• Understand how Containment and the Truman Doctrine dealt w/ Communism.

Brainstorm

• What is Communism?• Write down 5 things you associate with

Communism.

What happened to the World Powers?

World Powers Before WWII• Germany-• France-• Britain-• America- • Soviet Union-

Status after WII• Defeated/Broke• Humiliated/Broke• Weak/Broke• Victorious/Booming• Victorious/Rebuilding

Cold War?

• Why do you think its called a Cold War?

The Cold War

• Era of confrontation and competition between the US and Soviet Union from 1946-1990.

Background information

• The United States believed that economic problems (the Depression) caused WWII.

• Countries with high unemployment elected radical leaders (Hitler! Mussolini!)

• The Depression was worsened by limiting trade.• FDR believed creating economic growth would

build world peace.• Trade barriers were largely eliminated.

Conflicting GoalsAmerican Soviet

• Spread Democracy• Promote economic

growth through Capitalism

•Help Germany rebuild

•Wanted to control countries in Eastern Europe to secure its’

border• Spread Communism•Wanted a weak and

divided Germany

The Conferences

• Before the War’s end the Allies were meeting to plan the post war world.

Yalta Potsdam

•Poland would be a communist country.•The people of Europe would be able to pick their own government.•Germany would be divided.

•Germany would be split into 4 zones•Germany would no longer be allowed to have a military.

Occupied Germany

• Germany was occupied and divided into 4 zones: American, French, British and Soviet zones.

• The capital Berlin was in the Soviet zone, but split like the rest of the country in 4.

What is the Iron Curtain?

Iron Curtain

• Separated the Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the West.

• The communist countries of Eastern Europe were called Satellite nations, because they were under Soviet influence.

Containment

• Trying to stop the spread of Communism using diplomatic, economic and military actions.

Truman Doctrine

• The US committed to aiding “free peoples” (those fighting Communism)

Think About it…

• Who is more likely to become a Communist country- a rich country? Or a poor country?

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GERMAN CITY OF HAMBURG IN 1947 BEFORE THE MARSHALL PLAN

HAMBURG, 1952, AFTER THE MARSHALL PLAN

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WITH HELP FROM THE MARSHALL PLAN WESTERN EUROPEAN ECONOMIES REVIVE

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The Marshall Plan is a major factor in Western Europe's recovery from the devastation of WWII

Marshall Plan

• Gave European nations American aid to rebuild their economies.

• Weakened appeal of Communism• Opened New Markets for Trade

Berlin Airlift 1948-49• Read pg. 611 The Berlin

Airlift• 1948 Western Germany

formed• U.S.S.R. retaliates- hold

Western Berlin hostage• U.S. 327 days, 277,000

flights, 2.3 million tons of supplies

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BERLIN AIRLIFT: JUNE 1948 TO MAY 1949

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EVERYTHING FROM COAL TO CHOCOLATE WAS FLOWN IN BY FLEETS OF AMERICAN AND BRITISH CARGO PLANES

LOADING BAGS OF COAL MAKING SMALL PARACHUTES TO DROP CANDY TO BERLIN CHILDREN

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PRESIDENT TRUMAN MADE IT CLEAR THAT IF ONE CARGO PLANE WAS SHOT DOWN IT WOULD MEAN WAR BETWEEN THE US AND USSR

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IN MAY OF 1949 THE RUSSIANS ENDED THE BERLIN BLOCKADE

Berlin Airlift

• Britain, France and USA merged their zones into West Germany.

• Threatened by this the Soviets cut off all traffic to West Berlin.

• The US responded by supplying West Berlin by Air.