Origins of

The United States

of

America

THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE

1. Britain’s Colonial Policies

a. Colonies largely ignored by the British

Parliament

b. British Parliament increase taxes in the

colonies to support the British Troops

stationed in the colonies

c. “NO Taxation without Representation”

2. Growing Colonial Unity

a. New England Confederation – initially formed

for protection from Native Americans – soon

faded

b. The Albany Plan of Union

• Benjamin Franklin proposed the colonies join

forces to help raise naval and military forces, make

war and peace with Native Americans, regulate

trade with them, tax, and collect customs duties.

• Plan eventually turned down by King George III

THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE

2. Growing Colonial Unity continued…

c. The Stamp Act Congress

• 9 colonies prepared a strong protest, called the

Declaration of Rights and Grievances in response

to increased taxes in the colonies

• Boston Massacre (1770)

• Boston Tea Party (1773)

THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE

2. Growing Colonial Unity continued…

d. First Continental Congress

• 12 of the 13 colonies sent representatives to

discuss the Intolerable Acts sent by the Parliament

• All 13 colonies agreed to form committees to

boycott all goods from Britain

• Planned on a Second Continental Congress to

meet during May of 1774

THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE

2. Growing Colonial Unity continued…

e. Second Continental Congress

• All 13 colonies sent delegates

• John Hancock designated President of the

Congress

• This Congress fought the British during the

Revolutionary War

THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE

Alexander Hamilton

Aaron Burr, Sir

My Shot

The Story of Tonight

The Schuyler Sisters

Farmer Refuted

You'll Be Back

Right Hand Man

A Winter's Ball

Helpless

Satisfied

The Story of Tonight (Reprise)

Wait For It

Stay Alive

Ten Duel Commandments

Meet Me Inside

That Would Be Enough

Guns and Ships

History Has Its Eyes On You

Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)

What Comes Next

Dear Theodosia

Non-Stop

Introducing Alexander Hamilton…

2. Growing Colonial Unity continued…

f. The Declaration of Independence

• Five Men Assigned to Write

– Benjamin Franklin

– John Adams

– Roger Sherman

– Robert Livingston

– Thomas Jefferson

• Adopted on July 4, 1776

THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE

2. Growing Colonial Unity continued…

f. The Declaration of Independence

continued…

• The Declaration severed ties with Great Britain and

created a unique nation

• Up to this point in history, NO political system had

ever been formed on the principles of equality,

human rights, and representative government that

derived its authority from the will of the people.

THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE:

“DUNLAP BROADSIDE”

• 200 were said to be printed

• 25 are known to exist today

• The most recent one found sold

for 8.14 million dollars at an

auction

• This copy of the “Broadside” was

found at a garage sale in the back

of an old picture.

• This was what was printed in

newspapers and sent out at the

time.

• John Dunlap printed this version –

this was an act of sedition

punishable by hanging

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE: FORMAL COPY

Formal copy of the

Declaration of

Independence was written

and signed in 1777.•This copy actually contains all

the 13 colonies

•The original copy contained only

12 of the 13 colonies signatures –

New York was a hold out

•Designed by Mary Katharine

Goddard

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE…

The Declaration of Independence we

all know…

• Actually signed by everyone on

August 4, 1776.

• The Title has a few errors in

spacing

• Misspelling of British = Brittish in

the document

• John Hancock signed the largest

for two reasons:

1. So King George III could read

the signature – the king had

poor eyesight

2. He was the President of the

Second Continental Congress

YOU’LL BE BACK…

1. Articles of Confederation

a. “a firm league of friendship” among the

States

b. Congress was a unicameral body made up

of delegates chosen by the State (delegates

could be chosen however the State wanted

to choose them)

c. Each State had one vote, no matter their

population

THE CRITICAL PERIOD

1. Articles of Confederation continued…

d. No executive or judicial branches, that would

be handled by committees in Congress

e. Weaknesses:

• No power to tax

• Could only raise money by borrowing from the

states

• Couldn’t regulate trade between the States

• Congress could only exercise their powers only if 9

of the 13 states allowed them

THE CRITICAL PERIOD

2. The Critical Period, the 1780s

a. States grew jealous and suspicious of one

another

b. Often refused to support the new central

government

c. Made agreements with foreign governments

without the approval of the National

Government

d. Each state formed their own militias

THE CRITICAL PERIOD

THE CRITICAL PERIOD

2. The Critical Period, the 1780s cont…

e. States taxed other states goods and

sometimes forbid trade with another state

completely

f. States began to print their own money,

sound credit vanished

g. Shays’ Rebellion caused the State

Legislature of Massachusetts to ease the

burden of debtors

SHAYS’ REBELLION

1. Former revolutionary officer, Daniel Shays led an armed

uprising of farmers.

a. Demand for farm products drops

b. Prices Fall

c. Veterans had been discharged with certificates instead of

cash

d. Former soldiers were unable to pay debts accumulated during

the Revolution

e. John Adams was the President at this time.

f. Adams created the “Riot Act” which outlawed illegal

assemblies.

2. State troops finally ended the rebellion after rebels attacked

state courts and a federal arsenal. Shays fled to Vermont.

• George Washington and John Hancock come out of

retirement to help with this problem.

1. The Framers

a. 12 of 13 states sent delegates to the

Philadelphia Convention (Rhode Island did

not) it was quickly decided that the Articles

were so bad they could not be amended.

The delegation agreed to write a new plan of

government

b. The average age of the delegates was 42,

and nearly half were only in their thirties.

CREATING THE CONSTITUTION

2. Organization and Procedure

a. Meetings were held behind

closed doors

b. George Washington was the

presiding officer

c. James Madison led the floor

debates and kept notes on

what went on. Considered the

“Father of the Constitution”

CREATING THE CONSTITUTION

3. Virginia Plan

a. 3 branches

b. Bicameral legislature - which would choose

the executive and national judiciary.

c. Representation would be based on

population (large populated states favored)

CREATING THE CONSTITUTION

4. New Jersey Plan

a. Unicameral legislature

b. Equal votes for each state (small populated

states favored)

c. Federal Executive would be created of more

than one person

d. The Federal Executive would be appointed

by Congress

e. The Federal Judiciary would be appointed

by the Federal Executive

CREATING THE CONSTITUTION

5. Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise)

a. Bicameral legislature

b. Representation in the

Senate would be equal

for all the States

c. Representation in the

House would be based

on population

• Small states feared that

larger states would

dominate them under the

Virginia Plan.

CREATING THE CONSTITUTION

6. Three-Fifths Compromise:

a. For purposes of representation and taxation,

slaves were to be counted as 3 for every 5

there actually were

b. Eventually abolished with the adoption of the

13th Amendment to the Constitution

• Southern states wanted to count slaves as part of

the state population. Northern states did not.

• Each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a

person when figuring representation in Congress.

CREATING THE CONSTITUTION

CREATING THE CONSTITUTION

7. Commerce and Slave Trade

Compromise:

a. The national government would regulate

foreign and interstate commerce

b. Congress was not allowed to tax the export

of goods from any State

• Southern states wanted to protect their agricultural

exports and the slave trade from regulation by

Congress.

c. Congress could not act on the slave trade

for at least 20 years (until 1808)

THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY

1. Disputes over slavery during the

Convention arose because

slavery was far more common in

the agricultural South than in the

more industrial North.

2. However, slavery was legal in

every states except

Massachusetts.

CREATING THE CONSTITUTion

8. Sources of the Constitution

a. William Blackstone – “Commentaries on the Laws

of England”

b. Baron de Montesquieu – “The Spirit of the Laws”

c. Jean Jacques Rousseau – “Social Contract”

d. John Locke – “Two Treatises of Government”

e. The framers own experience

9. September 17, 1787, 39 delegates agreed to

the new plan of government and sent it to the

states for ratification

RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION

1. The Fight for Ratification

a. Federalists – favored ratification and strong

national government and stressed the

weakness of the Articles of Confederation

• Alexander Hamilton

• James Madison*

• Many of those who attended the

Constitutional Convention

FEDERALISTS

1. Supporters of ratification for the new Constitution to the United States of America

2. They argued that the Articles of Confederation were weak and needed to be replaced.

Alexander Hamilton was a leader

among the Federalists

FEDERALIST WRITINGS

1. These were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, all using the pen name, Publius.

2. They consisted of 85 political essays, written between 1787 and 1788, and were soon published across the nation.▪ Non-Stop

3. These essays are still read widely today for their insights into the Constitution, the federal government, and the nature of representative democracy.

4. The Federalist Papers influenced many Americans to support the Constitution

RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION

1. The Fight for Ratification continued…

b. Anti-Federalists – opposed ratification

because it increased the power of the

national government, it didn’t allow states to

print their own money, and it lacked a bill of

rights

• Patrick Henry

• Richard Henry Lee

• John Hancock

• Samuel Adams

ANTI-FEDERALISTS

1. Opponents of ratifying a new Constitution for the United States of America

2. They opposed the new ratification process.

3. They thought the new central government would be too strong.

4. Most of all, they argued that the Constitution needed a Bill of Rightsto protect the people.

Thomas Jefferson was a

staunch Anti-Federalist fearing

the people did not have any

rights protected under the

Constitution as it was originally

being proposed.

ANTI-FEDERALIST WRITINGS

1. Anti-Federalists also wrote many essays, pamphlets, and letters

2. The essays by “Brutus” were most likely written by Robert Yates. They were first published in New York.

3. Richard Henry Lee of Virginia wrote a number of pamphlets and letters using the name “The Federal Farmer.”

4. Around the country, debate over ratification was fed by these various written works expressing strong views on both sides.

RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION

2. The Constitution, with a promise of adding a Bill

of Rights, was RATIFIED on September 13,

1788, by 11 of the 13 states

3. New York City chosen as the capital (moved to

Philadelphia in 1790, and into Washington D.C.

in 1800)

4. First Wednesday in January of 1789 was set for

the State to choose presidential electors and

the first Wednesday in March was the date of

the inauguration of the new government

RATIFICATION TROUBLE AND SUCCESS, CONT.

State Date Vote Total Passed by:

Delaware December 7, 1787 30-0 30 30

Pennsylvania December 12, 1787 46-23 69 23

New Jersey December 18, 1787 38-0 38 38

Georgia January 2, 1788 26-0 26 26

Connecticut January 9, 1788 128-40 168 88

Massachusetts February 6, 1788 187-168 355 19

Maryland April 28, 1788 63-11 74 52

South Carolina May 23, 1788 149-73 222 76

New Hampshire June 21, 1788 57-46 103 11

Virginia June 25, 1788 89-79 168 10

New York July 26, 1788 30-27 57 3

North Carolina November 21, 1789 195-77 272 118

Rhode Island May 29, 1790 34-32 66 2

What'd I Miss

Cabinet Battle #1

Take A Break

Say No To This

The Room Where It Happens

Schuyler Defeated

Cabinet Battle #2

Washington On Your Side

One Last Time

I Know Him

The Adams Administration

We Know

Hurricane

The Reynolds Pamphlet

Burn

Blow Us All Away

Stay Alive (Reprise)

It's Quiet Uptown

Election of 1800

Your Obedient Servant

Best of Wives and Best of Women

The World Was Wide Enough

Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story

WHAT’D I MISS…

THE CONSTITUTION: INTERSTATE RELATIONS

1. Interstate Compacts – States can, with the consent of

Congress, enter into contracts with foreign states

2. Full Faith and Credit – All states accept citizens

documentation

3. Extradition – A citizen of one state cannot commit a

crime in that state and flee to another state to escape,

the state the citizen fled to will return the citizen to the

state where the crime was committed

4. Privileges and Immunities – a state cannot draw

unreasonable distinctions between its own residents

and people from another state

THE CONSTITUTION – HOW TO CHANGE…

5. Formal Amendment

a. An amendment may be proposed by a 2/3 vote in each house

in Congress and be ratified by the state legislatures of 3/4

(38/50) of the states.

b. An amendment may be proposed by a 2/3 vote in each house

in Congress and ratified by conventions held in 3/4 (38/50) of

the sates

c. An amendment may be proposed at a National Convention by

Congress when requested by 2/3 (34/50) of the state

legislatures and be ratified by the state legislatures of 3/4

(38/50) of the states.

d. An amendment may be proposed at a National Convention by

Congress when requested by 2/3 (34/50) of the state

legislatures and ratified by conventions held in 3/4 (38/50) of

the sates

e. The first 10 amendments are collectively known as The Bill of

Rights, which were ratified on December 15, 1791

Alexander

Hamilton Yes, Alexander Hamilton is on the $10 bill. Yes, Alexander Hamilton was the first

Secretary of Treasury. Yes, Alexander Hamilton was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr. What else do you know about Alexander Hamilton? Did you know he was an orphan? Did you know he was born in the West Indies and came to New York to go to school?

Alexander Hamilton was the epitome of the American Dream, an immigrant looking for a better life.

Using some of the songs from Lin-Manuel Miranda’s musical, we are going to learn more about Alexander Hamilton and the significant part he played in shaping the America we live in today. Mr. Miranda says that “Hamilton” is a “story about

America then, told by America now”.

You will be placed in groups and will be assigned one of the songs from the musical. From each group, you will have a visual of some sort to show the class while presenting. This could be in the form of a poster, PowerPoint, or something

creative that you come up with. You will also have a short 10 question quiz that you will give your classmates that covers information from your assigned song.

Questions you will answer in your presentation:

1. What is going on the in the song? Provide evidence through historical facts. 2. What group does the singer represent? Federalists? Anti-Federalists? Those in favor of a revolution? Those not in

favor of a revolution? 3. Who is the singer directing his message towards? 4. Background of characters in the song? How did they get to this point in our history?

Responsibilities within your group:

1. Oral Presentation (5 minutes in length, this doesn’t include the length of song) **oral presentation will begin with playing the song with the lyrics on screen

2. Evaluation presented and graded 3. Visual that can either be hung in hallway or set on a table.

**Make sure you are using CLEAN version of music!

Materials MUST be printed out prior to presentation!

Visual – means you must have a visual to help students remember your song! (NOT JUST A POWERPOINT WITH WORDS!)

RESOURCES TO HELP WITH THE COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT IN THE TIME PROVIDED:

1. Hamilton the Musical: Lyrics 2. 22 Hamilton Lyrics, Explained

3. YouTube Links…

Act 1

Alexander Hamilton

Aaron Burr, Sir

My Shot

The Story of Tonight

The Schuyler Sisters

Farmer Refuted

You'll Be Back

Right Hand Man

A Winter's Ball

Helpless

Satisfied

The Story of Tonight (Reprise)

Wait For It

Stay Alive

Ten Duel Commandments

Meet Me Inside

That Would Be Enough

Guns and Ships

History Has Its Eyes On You

Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)

What Comes Next

Dear Theodosia

Non-Stop

4. History Channel: Alexander Hamilton Fast Facts

5. History Channel: Alexander Hamilton Article 6. Alexander Hamilton’s Legacy

7. Alexander Hamilton – Encyclopedia.com 8. The AHA Society

9. HamilTEN: Hamilton’s Top 10 Contributions 10. The Life and Legacy of Alexander Hamilton

Hamilton Presentation

(Group)

“PRESENTER”

Student’s Name: _____________________

Teacher’s Name: _____________________

Title of Work: _____________________

Date: _____________________

Total Points Earned

___/75

0 Points 2.5 Points 5 Points

Song Student did not play song. Student played song

without lyrics

Student played song as well as had the lyrics

visible for peers.

Oral Presentation

(not including song)

Did not present any information. Presented

information up to 59 seconds

Presented information between 1 minute to 3

minutes and 59 seconds -OR-

Presentation was excessively long…

Presented information between the 4-minute mark up to 5 minutes

Singer Representation

Student did not state which group the singer

represented.

Student wrongly identified the group the singer

represented.

Students identified the correct group the singer

represented.

Points Earned ->

0 Points 10 Points 20 Points

Message Direction

Students did not state who the song was directed towards and/or were

incorrect in identifying who the song was directed.

Students were not entirely correct in identifying who the song was directed.

Students explained correctly who the song

was directed.

Background of Characters

Students did not identify the background of the

characters.

Students explained with less than 3 facts the background of the

characters.

Students thoroughly discussed the background

of the characters.

Grammar Presentation had multiple spelling and grammatical

errors (more than 5).

Presentation had few spelling and grammatical

errors. (between 1 and 5)

Presentation was grammatically correct.

Points Earned ->

Hamilton Presentation

(Group)

“VISUALS”

Student’s Name: _____________________

Teacher’s Name: _____________________

Title of Work: _____________________

Date: _____________________

Total Points Earned

___/75

0 Points 2.5 Points 5 Points

Song Student did not play song. Student played song

without lyrics

Student played song as well as had the lyrics

visible for peers.

Oral Presentation

(not including song)

Did not present any information. Presented

information up to 59 seconds

Presented information between 1 minute to 3

minutes and 59 seconds -OR-

Presentation was excessively long…

Presented information between the 4-minute mark up to 5 minutes

Singer Representation

Student did not state which group the singer

represented.

Student wrongly identified the group the singer

represented.

Students identified the correct group the singer

represented.

Points Earned ->

0 Points 10 Points 20 Points

Message Direction

Students did not state who the song was directed towards and/or were

incorrect in identifying who the song was directed.

Students were not entirely correct in identifying who the song was directed.

Students explained correctly who the song

was directed.

Grammar Presentation had multiple spelling and grammatical

errors (more than 5).

Presentation had few spelling and grammatical

errors. (between 1 and 5)

Presentation was grammatically correct.

Visual No visuals in presentation.

Minimal Visuals were used in the presentation

(Less than 3) Did not help keep interest throughout presentation.

Visual presentation was creative and/or used

pictures that provided a sense of interest

throughout presentation.

Points Earned ->

Hamilton Presentation

(Group)

“Evaluations”

Student’s Name: _____________________

Teacher’s Name: _____________________

Title of Work: _____________________

Date: _____________________

Total Points Earned

___/75

0 Points 2.5 Points 5 Points

Song Student did not play song. Student played song

without lyrics

Student played song as well as had the lyrics

visible for peers.

Oral Presentation

(not including song)

Did not present any information. Presented

information up to 59 seconds

Presented information between 1 minute to 3

minutes and 59 seconds -OR-

Presentation was excessively long…

Presented information between the 4-minute mark up to 5 minutes

Singer Representation

Student did not state which group the singer

represented.

Student wrongly identified the group the singer

represented.

Students identified the correct group the singer

represented.

Points Earned ->

0 Points 10 Points 20 Points

Background of Characters

Students did not identify the background of the

characters.

Students explained with less than 3 facts the background of the

characters.

Students thoroughly discussed the background

of the characters.

Grammar Presentation had multiple spelling and grammatical

errors (more than 5).

Presentation had few spelling and grammatical

errors. (between 1 and 5)

Presentation was grammatically correct.

Evaluation Student did not create an

evaluation.

Evaluation was created but not was not clear

and/or relevant to important information

covered in the presentations. Student’s

minimally prepared for the evaluation.

Evaluation was thorough, clear and relevant to

information covered in the presentation. Student’s

fully prepared for the evaluation.

Points Earned ->

Alexander

Hamilton Yes, Alexander Hamilton is on the $10 bill. Yes, Alexander Hamilton was the first

Secretary of Treasury. Yes, Alexander Hamilton was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr. What else do you know about Alexander Hamilton? Did you know he was an orphan? Did you know he was born in the West Indies and came to New York to go to school?

Alexander Hamilton was the epitome of the American Dream, an immigrant looking for a better life.

Using some of the songs from Lin-Manuel Miranda’s musical, we are going to learn more about Alexander Hamilton and the significant part he played in shaping the America we live in today. Mr. Miranda says that “Hamilton” is a “story about

America then, told by America now”.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THIS PROJECT

You will be working individually and will be assigned one of the songs from the musical. You will have a visual of some sort to show the class while presenting. This could be in the form of a poster, PowerPoint, or something creative that you

come up with. You will also have a short 10 question quiz that you will give your classmates that covers information from your assigned song.

Questions you will answer in your presentation:

1. What is going on the in the song? Provide evidence through historical facts. 2. What group does the singer represent? Federalists? Anti-Federalists? Those in favor of a revolution? Those not in

favor of a revolution? 3. Who is the singer directing his message towards? 4. Background of characters in the song? How did they get to this point in our history?

Responsibilities:

1. Oral Presentation (3-5 minutes in length, this doesn’t include the length of song) **oral presentation will begin with playing the song with the lyrics on screen

2. Evaluation presented and graded 3. Visual that can either be hung in hallway or set on a table.

**Make sure you are using CLEAN version of music!

Materials MUST be printed prior to presentation!

Visual – means you must have a visual to help students remember your song! (NOT JUST A POWERPOINT WITH WORDS!)

RESOURCES TO HELP WITH THE COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT IN THE TIME PROVIDED:

11. Hamilton the Musical: Lyrics 12. 22 Hamilton Lyrics, Explained

13. YouTube Links…

Act 2

What'd I Miss

Cabinet Battle #1

Take A Break

Say No To This

The Room Where It Happens

Schuyler Defeated

Cabinet Battle #2

Washington On Your Side

One Last Time

I Know Him

The Adams Administration

We Know

Hurricane

The Reynolds Pamphlet

Burn

Blow Us All Away

Stay Alive (Reprise)

It's Quiet Uptown

Election of 1800

Your Obedient Servant

Best of Wives and Best of Women

The World Was Wide Enough

Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story

14. History Channel: Alexander Hamilton Fast Facts

15. History Channel: Alexander Hamilton Article 16. Alexander Hamilton’s Legacy

17. Alexander Hamilton – Encyclopedia.com 18. The AHA Society

19. HamilTEN: Hamilton’s Top 10 Contributions 20. The Life and Legacy of Alexander Hamilton

Hamilton Presentation

(Individual)

Total Points Earned

____/115

Student’s Name: _____________________

Teacher’s Name: _____________________

Title of Work: _____________________

Date: _____________________

0 Points 2.5 Points 5 Points

Song Student did not play song. Student played song

without lyrics

Student played song as well as had the lyrics

visible for peers.

Oral Presentation

(not including song)

Did not present any information. Presented

information up to 59 seconds

Presented information between 1 minute to 3

minutes and 59 seconds -OR-

Presentation was excessively long…

Presented information between the 4-minute mark up to 5 minutes

Singer Representation

Student did not state which group the singer

represented.

Student wrongly identified the group the singer

represented.

Students identified the correct group the singer

represented.

Points Earned ->

0 Points 10 Points 20 Points

Message Direction

Students did not state who the song was directed towards and/or were

incorrect in identifying who the song was directed.

Students were not entirely correct in identifying who the song was directed.

Students explained correctly who the song

was directed.

Background of Characters

Students did not identify the background of the

characters.

Students explained with less than 3 facts the background of the

characters.

Students thoroughly discussed the background

of the characters.

Grammar Presentation had multiple spelling and grammatical

errors (more than 5).

Presentation had few spelling and grammatical

errors. (between 1 and 5)

Presentation was grammatically correct.

Visual No visuals in presentation.

Minimal Visuals were used in the presentation

(Less than 3) Did not help keep interest throughout presentation.

Visual presentation was creative and/or used

pictures that provided a sense of interest

throughout presentation.

Evaluation Student did not create an

evaluation.

Evaluation was created but not was not clear

and/or relevant to important information

covered in the presentations. Student’s

minimally prepared for the evaluation.

Evaluation was thorough, clear and relevant to

information covered in the presentation. Student’s

fully prepared for the evaluation.

Points Earned ->