Original 11/25/15 retraction request sent to the BMJ, organized by the Center for Science in the...

8/20/2019 Original 11/25/15 retraction request sent to the BMJ, organized by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, wit…

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Letter Requesting BMJ to Retract "Investigation"

Novembers, 2015Dear Editor:

A recent article by journalist Nina Teicholz, which was published as a "BMJ Investigation" of the ScientificReport of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC), included numerous errors andmisrepresentations. Below we have summarized only factual errors, excluding incorrect or biasedinterpretations of research. The mistakes are bolded.

Because the "investigation" as a whole is so riddled with errors, we urge the BMJ to retract it, not only toinform your readers, but also to protect the BMJ's credibility.

1.) Teicholz states that "in its 2015 report the committee stated that it did not use NEL reviews for morethan 70% of the topics, including some of the most controversial issues in nutrition. Instead, it relied onsystematic reviews by external professional associations, almost exclusively the American Heart Association(AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC), or cond uc t ed an [s ic ] hoc examin a t io n o f thes c ie n t i f i c l i t e ra tu re w i th o u t we l l d e f in e d s y s te ma t i c c r i t e r ia fo r h o w s tu d ie s o r o u ts id e re v ie w

p a p e rs we r e id e n t i f i e d , s e le c te d , o r e v a lu a te d .

Co r re c t io n : In Appendix E-2, the Evidence Portfolios for the key topics addressed by Teicholz specify thesearch strategy, inclusion criteria, search results, and AMSTAR ratings for methodological quality for theexisting systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analyses (MA).

2.) Teicholz states that "instead of requesting a new NEL review for the recent literature on this crucial topic,however, the 2015 committee recommended extending the current cap on saturated fats, at 10% ofcalories, based on a review by the AHA and ACC, a 2010 NEL review, and the committee's ad hocse lec t ion o f seven rev i ew papers (see table A on thebmj.com)." Table A states that " n o me th o d o l o g yfo r th is sec t ion o f the repor t : no reason given for why certain studies were selected for review andothers were not, nor how they were evaluated relative to each other."

Co r re c t io n : Appendix E-2.43 gives the search strategy, inclusion criteria, search results, and AMSTARratings for methodological quality for the seven review papers, along with a list of excluded articles and thereasons for exclusion. (Note: In Table A, Teicholz states that "the overall conclusion [of the 2012 Cochranereview by Hooper, et al.] is there fore that while sat urated-f at restri ction appears to reduce heart attack risk,

it does not reduce overall or cardiovascular mortality (death), which is arguably the more importantendpoint."This statement contradicts Teicholz's article, which said that Hooper, et al. "failed to confirm anassociation between saturated fats and heart disease."The BMJ corrected this error a month after it waspublished.)

3.) Teicholz states that "use of e x te rn a l r e v ie ws b y p r o fe s s io n a l a s s o cia t io n s i s p ro b le ma t i c becausethese groups conduct literature reviews according to different standards and are supported by food and drugcompanies."

Co r re c t io n : The "problematic" external review cited by Teicholz was not conducted solely by professionalassociations. The review was actually a "clinical practice guideline" developed by the American HeartAssociation and the American College of Cardiology in partnership with the National Heart, Lung, and BloodInstitute. The NHLBI's website clearly describes its rigorous standards for assessing the quality of studiesand its policy for managing potential conflicts of interest and relationships with industry.

4.) Teicholz states that "in the NEL systematic review on saturated fats from 2010...fewer than 12 small trialsare cited, and none suppor ts the hypothes is tha t sa tu ra ted fa ts cause hear t d isease (see table B onthebmj.com)."

Co r re c t io n : It is incorrect to state that none of the trials cited in the 2010 NEL review supports thehypothesis that saturated fats cause heart disease. The 2010 NEL review found "strong evidence" thatsatur ated fat int ake increases the risk of cardiov ascular di sease. In Table B, Teicholz over -ru les the 2010NEL review by assigning each trial to one of four categories (a) "trials that should not have been includedbecause they did not meet inclusion criteria," (b) "trials that should not have been included because they didnot test normally occuring [sic] saturated fats or saturated fats at all," (c) "trials concluding that saturatedfats had a neutrial [sic] or beneficial effect on health," and (d) "trials with mixed results on blood lipidmeasures." (Note: Table B has additional errors too numerous to list here.) Thus, Teicholz concludes that the2010 NEL review is substandard, but she also argues that the 2015 "committee's report used weak scientificstandards," because it did not rely suffici ently on NEL revi ews.

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5.) Teicholz states that "perhaps more important are the s tud ies tha t have never been sys temat i ca l lyre v ie we d b y a n y o f t h e d ie ta ry g u id e l in e c o mmi t te e s . These include the large, government fundedrandomized controlled trials on saturated fats and heart disease from the 1960s and '70s. Taken together,these trials followed more than 25 000 people, some for up to 12 years. They are some of the mostambitious, well controlled nutrition studies ever undertaken."

Co r re c t io n : It is incorrect to state that these trials were not reviewed by the DGAC. The DGAC considered a2012 Cochrane review that included 4 of the 6 trials cited by Teicholz and a 2010 meta-analysis that included5 of the 6 trials cited by Teicholz. (The review and meta-analysis both concluded that replacing saturatedfats with unsaturated fats reduce the risk of heart disease.) One trial cited by Teicholz is excluded from mostmeta-analyses because it tested a multifactorial intervention including drug treatment for hypertension,counseling for cigarette smoking, and dietary advice for lowering blood cholesterol levels.

6.) Teicholz states that " there have been a t a mi n i mu m, th ree Nat ion a l Ins t i tu tes o f Hea l th f und edtr ia ls on some 50 000 peop le sho win g th a t a d ie t low in fa t and sa tu ra t ed fa t is ine f f ec t iv e fo r

f igh t ing hear t d isease , obes i ty , d iabe tes , o r cancer . Two of these trials are omitted from the NELreview... When the omitted findings from these three clinical trials are factored into the review, theoverwhelming preponderance of rigorous evidence does not support any of the dietary committee's healthclaims for its recommended diets."

Co r re c t io n : The two trials that were "omitted from the NEL review" did not assess the impact of diet "forfighting heart disease, obesity, diabetes, or cancer." They assessed the impact of diet on serum cholesterollevels. Fur the rmo re, all thr ee trials wer e included in the Cochrane review that was consider ed by theDGAC.

7.) Teicholz states that "The report also gave a strong rating to the evidence that its recommended diets canfight heart disease....The com mi t t ee rev iew ed o th er , more recent s tud ies bu t no t us ing anys y s te ma t i c o r p re d e f in e d m e th o d s . "

Co r re c t io n : Appendix E-2.26 gives the search strategy, inclusion criteria, search results, and AMSTARratings for methodological quality for the six "more recent studies," along with a list of excluded articles andthe reasons for exclusion.

8.) In Table D, Teicholz includes sections (under "die tar y pat tern s and heart disease" and "di eta ry patt ernsand obesity") entitled "DGAC ad hoc rev iew of the scientific literature" where she states that "nosys t emat ic met hod o lo gy is g iv en fo r the se lec t ion o f these s tud ies . I t is theref ore impossible toknow if they fairly represent the literature."

Co r re c t io n : These were not ad hoc reviews. The DGAC details the systematic methodology for selectingthese studies in Appendices E-2.26 and E2.27. Note: Teicholz's Table D consists largely of Teicholz's criticismof the NEL's Systematic Reviews on the Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes,published in 2014. Note that Teicholz argues that NEL reviews are substandard, but she also argues that the2015 "committee's report used weak scientific standards," because it did not rely suffici ently on NELreviews.

9.) Teicholz states that "Consulting the NEL for a review on this topic turns up a surprising fact: a systematicreview on health and red meat has not been done. Although several analyses look at "animal proteinproducts,' t h e s e re v ie ws in c lu d e e g g s , f i s h , and da i ry and there fo re do no t iso la te the hea l the f fec ts o f red meat , or meat of any kind.

Co r re c t io n : The NEL reviews cited by Teicholz do examine the results on red meat and processed meatsseparately from the results on other animal proteins.

10.) Teicholz states that "The committee's approach to the evidence on saturated fats and low carbohydratediets reflects an apparent failure to address any evidence that contradicts what has been official nutritionaladvice for the past 35 years. The foun dat io n o f th a t adv ice has been to rec omm end ea t in g less fa ta n d fe we r a n ima l p ro d u c ts (me a t , d a i r y , e g g s ) while shifting calorie intake towards more plant foods(fruits, vegetables, grains, and vegetable oils) for good health. And in the past decades, this advice hasremained virtually unchanged."

Co r re c t io n : The 2015 DGAC did not recommend "eating less fat" or reducing the consumption of eggs ordairy products. (In fact, Teicholz wrote in a February New York Times op-ed that "experts on the committeethat develops the country's dietary guidelines acknowledged that they had ditched the low-fat diet.") TheDietary Guidelines for Americans has never reco mmen ded eating less mea t or dair y products. (In someeditions, the DGA has included advice such as "moderate your use of eggs" or "use egg yolks and whole eggsin moderation. Use egg whites and egg substitutes freely...").


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11.) Teicholz states that "studies showed mixed health outcomes for saturated fats, but early criticalreviews, including one by the National Academy of Sciences, which cautioned against the inconclusive stateof the evidence on saturated fats and heart disease, were d ism issed by the USDA when it launched thefirst dietary guidelines in 1980."

Co r re c t io n : The USDA (and DHHS) published the 1980 Dietary Guidelines for Americans in February 1980.Toward Healthful Diets, the Nat ional Academy o f Sciences repo rt cited by Teicholz, was published in May1980. USDA could not have dismissed Toward Healthful Diets, because the repor t was published after theDietary Guidelines were released.

In sum mar y, the Teicholz/BMJ "i nve sti gat ion " is based on non-fact s. Such a paper has no place in the pagesof a prominent scientific journal and should be retracted.

Sincerely,

* Steven Ab ram s, MDChair of PediatricsDirector, Dell Pediatric Research InstituteDell Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas at AustinAustin, Texas, USA

*Luc i le L. Ad ams- Camp be l l , PhD

Professor of OncologyAssociate DeanAssociate Director, Minority Health & Health Disparities Research

Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington, D.C., USA

Sharo n R. Ak abas , PhD

Director, MS in NutritionAssociate Director for Educational InitiativesColumbia UniversityInstitute of Human NutritionNew York, New York, USA

* Chery l An ders on , Ph D, MPHAssociate Professor of Preventive MedicineDepartment of Family and Preventive MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa Jolla, California, USA

Law ren ce J. Ap pel , MD, MPHC. David Molina, MD, MPH Professor of Medicine Epidemiology and International HealthDirector, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, Maryland, USA

Fernando Aros Borau, MD, PhD

Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital of ArabaVitoria, Spain

A l b er t o A s c h er i o , MD , Dr PH

Professor of Epidemiology and NutritionDepartment of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Guy De Backer, MD, PhD

Emeritus Professor in Public HealthGhent UniversityGhent, Belgium

A d am B. B ec k er , Ph D, MPH

Executive DirectorConsortium to Lower Obesity in Chicago ChildrenChicago, Illinois, USA

Maira Bes-Rastro l lo , PharmD, PhD

Associate ProfessorDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthFaculty of Medicine


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University of NavarraNavarra, Spain

Henry Blackburn , MD

Professor Emeritus, Epidemiology & Community HealthDivision of Epidemiology & Community HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Carol J. Boushey, PhD, MPH, RD

Associate Research ProfessorEpidemiology Program

University of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu, Hawaii, USA

Mar ie -Chr is t ine Boutron-Ruau l t , MD, PhD

Medical Practitioner, Internist, and GastroenterologistPractitioner at Antoine Béclère University HospitalInserm Research DirectorHead of INSERM UMR 1018Clamart, France

* J . Thomas Brenna, PhD

Professor of Human Nutrition and of ChemistryCornell UniversityIthaca, New York, USA

I n g e b o rg Bro u we r , Ph D

Professor of Nutrition for Healthy LivingHealth SciencesVU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands

Kelly D. Brownell , PhD

Dean, Sanford School of Public PolicyRobert L. Flowers Professor of Public PolicyProfessor of Psychology and NeuroscienceDuke UniversityDurham, North Carolina, USA

A u r o r a B u en o Ca v an i l l as , MD, Ph D

Professor of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of GranadaGranada, Spain

Pilar Buil-Cosiales, PhD, MD

Primary Health Care PractitionerServicio Navarro de Salud-OsasunbideaNational Health SystemNavarra, Spain

Joanne Burke, PhD, RD, LD

Director of the University of New Hampshire Dietetic InternshipThomas W. Haas Professor in Sustainable Food SystemsUniversity of New HampshireDurham, New Hampshire, USA

Carlos A. Camar go , Jr. , MD, DrPH

Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolProfessor of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, Massachusetts, USA

* Wayn e Campb e l l , PhD

Professor, Department of Nutrition SciencePurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana, USA

Raffaele De Caterina, MD, PhD

Professor and Chair of CardiologyG. d’Annunzio University - Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy

A l an Ch ai t , MD

Edwin L Bierman Professor of MedicineHead, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, Washington, USA

Jorge E. Chavarro, MD, ScD


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Associate Professor of Nutrition and EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts, USA

*St ev en K. Cl in ton , MD, PhD

John B. and Jane T. McCoy Chair of Cancer ResearchThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterProfessorDivision of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal Medicine

The Ohio State University School of MedicineColumbus, Ohio, USA

Isobe l R. Conten to , PhD

Mary Swartz Rose Professor of Nutrition and EducationCoordinator, Program in Nutrit ionFaculty Director, Laurie M. Tisch Center for Food, Education & PolicyDepartment of Health and Behavior StudiesTeachers College Columbia UniversityNew York, New York, USA

Dolores Core l la , PhD

Professor, Preventive Medicine and Public HealthGenetic and Molecular Epidemiology UnitSchool of MedicineUniversity of ValenciaValencia, Spain

Pa t r i c ia Cra wf o rd , D rPH

Senior Director of Research, Nutrition Policy InstituteCooperative Extension SpecialistUniversity of California Agriculture and Natural ResourcesBerkeley, California, USA

L id ia A. Da imi e l -Ru i z , PhD

Principal InvestigatorPabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de CantoblancoUniversity de CantoblancoMadrid, Spain

Rich ard J . Decke l bau m, MD, CM, FRCPC

Robert R. Williams Professor of NutritionProfessor of PediatricsProfessor of Epidemiology

Director, Institute of Human NutritionCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Medical CenterNew York, New York, USA

Jean-Pi e r re Despr és , PhD , FAHA, F IA S

Scientific DirectorInternat ional Chair on Cardiometabolic RiskProfessor, Department of KinesiologyFaculty of Medicine, Université LavalDirector of Research, CardiologyQuébec Heart and Lung InstituteQuébec, Canada

Wil l i am Die t z , MD, PhD

Director, Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness

Milken Institute School of Public HealthGeorge Washington UniversityWashington, D.C., USA

Deird re A. Dingman, DrPH, MPH, CHES

Postdoctoral FellowPublic Health Law ResearchTemple UniversityPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

L ig ia J . Dom in gu ez, MD

Geriatric UnitUniversity of PalermoPalermo, Italy

A n a Cl ar a D u r a n , M S , Ph D

Postdoctoral Research Fellow


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University of Illinois, ChicagoChicago, Illinois, USA

Robert H. Eckel, MD

Professor of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDivision of CardiologyProfessor of Physiology and BiophysicsCharles A. Boettcher II Chair in AtherosclerosisUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusDirector Lipid Clinic, University HospitalUniversity of Colorado, Denver

Denver, Colorado, USA

Ib rah im Elmadfa , PhD

Emeritus Professor of NutritionUniversity of ViennaVienna, Austria

Javier Díez Espino, MD, PhD

Primary Care ManagerServicio Navarro de Salud-OsasubideaNavarra, Spain

Ramon Estruch, MD, PhD

Department of Internal MedicineHospital Clinic, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain

Wafa ie Fawz i , DrPH

Richard Saltonstall Professor of Population SciencesProfessor of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Global HealthChair, Department of Global Health and PopulationHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBoston, Massachusetts, USA

A l ej an d r o Fe r n án d ez- Mo n t er o , MD, Ph D

Project Director, “Healthy Diet, It’s up to you”Department of Prevention of Occupational HazardsUniversity of Navarra-IDISNANavarra, Spain

Oscar H. Franco, MD, PhD, FESC, FFPH

Professor of Preventive MedicinePI Cardiovascular Epidemiology groupDirector ErasmusAGE

CEO Erasmus Epidemiology ResourcesDeputy Science Director NIHESDepartment of EpidemiologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdam, The Netherlands

Gary E. Fraser, MD, PhD

Professor of EpidemiologyLoma Linda UniversityLoma Linda, California, USA

I tz iar Zazpe Garcia, PhD, RD

ProfessorDepartment of Clinical Science and PhysiologyUniversidad de NavarraNavarra, Spain

Chr is topher Gardner , PhDProfessor of MedicineDirector of Nutrition StudiesDirector of NIH/NHLBI Postdoctoral Training ProgramStanford Prevention Research CenterPalo Alto, California, USA

A l f r ed o Ge a, Ph D

Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Preventive Medicine & Public HealthUniversity of Navarra, SpainNavarra, Spain

A n g el Gi l , Ph D

President of the Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT)Full Professor Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II


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Institute of Nutrition and Food TechnologyCentre of Biomedical ResearchUniversity of GranadaGranada, Spain

Dav id C. Goff , Jr. , MD, PhD

DeanColorado School of Public HealthAurora, Colorado, USA

Car los A. Gonzá l ez , MD, PhD

Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (Emeritus)

Cancer Epidemiology Research ProgrammeCatalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)Barcelona, Spain

Teres it a Gon zález de Cosío, Ph D, MSc

Directora de Departamento de SaludUniversidad IberoamericanaMexico City, Mexico

Mich ae l I . Gor an , PhD

Director, Childhood Obesity Research CenterCo-Director, USC Diabetes and Obesity Research InstituteProfessor of Preventive Medicine; Physiology & Biophysics; and PediatricsThe Dr. Robert C. & Veronica Atkins Chair in Childhood Obesity & DiabetesUSC Keck School of MedicineLos Angeles, California, USA

A n t o n i o M . Go t t o J r ., M D , DPh i l

Professor of MedicineProvost for Medical Affairs and Dean Emeritus Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, New York, USA

Phi l i p Green lan d , MD

Harry W. Dingman ProfessorDepartment of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, Illinois, USA

Joan Guss ow, EdD

Mary Swartz Rose Professor Emerita of Nutrition EducationTeachers CollegeColumbia UniversityNew York, New York, USA

Mich ae l W. Ha m m, PhD

C.S. Mott Professor of Sustainable AgricultureDirector, Center for Regional Food SystemsDepartments of CSUS, PSM, FSHNMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing, Michi gan, USA

Caro le V. Harr is , PhD

Vice President, Public Health and Survey Research DivisionICF InternationalAtlanta, Georgia, USA

Serge Hercberg , MD, PhD

Chef d'équipe - Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN)Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris CitéUniversité ParisBobigny, France

*F r an k B. Hu , MD, Ph D

Professor of Nutrition and EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts, USA

Rod Jackso n, MBChB , PhD

Professor of EpidemiologyFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand

Dav id Jacobs , PhD

Professor, Division of Epidemiology & Community Health


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Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & ExerciseVirginia TechBlacksburg, Virginia, USA

Fernanda Kroker, MSc, PhD

Scientific ResearcherPopulation NutritionInstitute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama -INCAP-Guatemala City, Guatemala

Daan Kromhout, PhD, MPH

Emeritus Professor

Division of Human NutritionWageningen UniversityWageningen, The Netherlands

Lewis H. Kuller, MD, DrPH

Department of EpidemiologyGraduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Larry Kushi, ScD

Director of Scientific PolicyKaiser PermanenteOakland, California, USA

Darwin R. Labarthe, MD, MPH, PhD

Professor of Preventive Medicine

Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, Illinois, USA

Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventos, PhD

Associate ProfessorDepartment of Nutrition and Food ScienceSchool of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain

José Lapetra, MD, PhD

Médico de FamiliaResponsable del Grupo de Investigacion "Dieta, Nutrición y Prevención de Enfermedades en AtenciónPrimaria"CIBEROBN, Institute de Salud Carlos IIIUnidad de Investigación del Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria SevillaSevilla, Spain

Robert S. Lawrence, MD

Director, Center for a Livable FutureProfessor of Environmental Health Sciences and International HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimore, Maryland, USA

Sal ly Ann Leder man, PhD

Special LecturerInstitute of Human NutritionColumbia UniversityNew York, New York, USA

A l l en S. L ev i n e, Ph D

Professor, Food Science and NutritionUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Elyse Levine, PhD, RD

AssociateBooz Allen HamiltonRockville, Maryland, USA

David A. Levitsky, PhD, MPhil, MS

Stephen H. Weiss Presidential FellowProfessor of Nutrition and PsychologyCornell UniversityIthaca, New York, USA

Barry Lewis, MD, PhD, FRCP, FRCPath

Emeritus ProfessorUniversity of LondonLondon, United Kingdom

* Al i ce Lich tens tei n, DSc


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Senior Scientist and DirectorCardiovascular Nutrition LaboratoryJean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineBoston, Massachusetts, USA

Bonnie F. L iebman, MS

Director of NutritionCenter for Science in the Public InterestWashington, D.C., USA

Esther Lopez-Garcia, PhD, MPHAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthSchool of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain

José López Miranda, MD, PhD

Catedrático de Medicina InternaVicedecano de Asuntos HospitalariosDirector UGC Medicina InternaHospital Universitario Reina SofiaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CordobaCordoba, Spain

Graham MacGregor, MA, MB, BChir

Professor of Cardiovascular MedicineWolfson Institute of Preventive MedicineBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen MaryUniversity of LondonLondon, United KingdomMeena Mahadevan, PhD formatting error in originalAssociate ProfessorProgram Coordinator for Applied NutritionDepartment of Health and Nutrition SciencesMontclair State UniversityMontclair, New Jersey, USA

Vasanti Malik, ScD

Research ScientistHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBoston, Massachusetts, USA

Mario Mancini, MD

Emeritus ProfessorUniversity of NaplesNaples, Italy

James Mann, MD

Professor, Human Nutrition and MedicineDunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoOtago, New Zealand

JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

Professor of MedicineMichael and Lee Bell Professor of Women's HealthHarvard Medical SchoolProfessor, Department of Epidemiology

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthChief, Division of Preventive MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, USA

Barrie Margetts, PhD, FFPH, MSc

Professor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton, United Kingdom

Migu el A. Mart i nez-G on zalez , MD, PhD, MPH

Chair, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Navarra-CIBEROBNNavarra, Spain

J . A l f r e d o Ma r t in e z Hern a n d e z , D .Ph a rm, MD, Ph D

Professor


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Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and ToxicologySchool of PharmacyUniversity of NavarraNavarra, Spain

Wil l iam McCar thy , PhD

Adjunct ProfessorUCLA Fielding School of Public HealthDepartment of Health Policy and ManagementLos Angeles, California, USA

* Bar bara Mil len, Dr PH, RD

Founder and PresidentMillennium Prevention, Inc.Westwood, Massachusetts, USA

Nana Gletsu Mil ler, PhD

Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Nutrition ScienceCollege of Health and Human SciencesPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana, USA

Marc Molendijk, PhD

Assistant Professor Clinical PsychologyLeiden University and Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, The Netherlands

Carlos A. Mon tei ro , MD, PhD

Professor of Nutrition and Public HealthDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public HealthUniversity of Sáo PauloSáo Paulo, Brazil

Roni Neff, PhD, MS

Assistant Professor, Environmental Health SciencesBloomberg School of Public HealthProgram Director, Food System SustainabilityCenter for a Livable FutureJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, Maryland, USA

* Mir iam Nel son , PhD

Associate Dean, Tisch College of Citizenship and Public ServiceProfessor, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts University

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

* Marian L. Neuho us er, P hD, RD

Full Member, Cancer Prevention ProgramDivision of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, Washington, USA

Kaare R. Norum, MD, PhD

Professor EmeritusDepartment of NutritionFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo, Norway

Salvatore Panico, MD, MS

Professor of Internal Medicine

Federico II UniversityNaples, Italy

A n g el i k i Pap ad ak i , Ph D, MS c , FHEA

Lecturer in Public Health NutritionProgramme Director, MSc Nutrition, Physical Activity and Public HealthCentre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health SciencesSchool for Policy StudiesUniversity of BristolBristol, United Kingdom

Diana C. Parra, PhD, PT, MPH

Assistant ProfessorProgram in Physical Therapy and Department of Surgery (Prevention)Scholar, Institute for Public HealthWashington University School of Medicine


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St. Louis, Missouri, USA

Emma Pat te rson , PhD

Project Manager for School Food SwedenCommunity Nutrition and Physical ActivityKarolinska InstitutetStockholm, SwedenJan I. Pedersen, MD, PhDEmeritus ProfessorDepartment of NutritionInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Oslo

Oslo, Norway

* Rafael Perez-Es cami l l a, PhD

Professor of Epidemiology and Public HealthDirector, Office of Public Health PracticeDirector, Global Health ConcentrationYale School of Public HealthNew Haven, Connecticut, USA

Francisco Perez-Jimenez, MD, PhD

Full Professor of Internal MedicineReina Sofia University HospitalUniversity of CordobaCordoba, Spain

F. Xavi er Pi-S uny er, MD

Professor of Medicine

Institute of Human NutritionColumbia UniversityNew York, New York, USA

María Puy Port i l lo , DPharm

Professor of NutritionDirector, Nutrición y ObesidadDepartment of Pharmacy and Food ScienceUniversity of the Basque CountryBilbao, Spain

John D. Potter, MD, PhD

Senior Advisor, Public Health Sciences DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, Washington, USA

Neil Poulter, MD

Professor of Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineImperial CollegeLondon, United Kingdom

Pekka Puska, MD, PhD, MPoISc

Professor, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), FinlandPast President, World Heart Federation (WHF)Past President, International Association of National Public Health InstitutesHelsinki, Finland

Kalevi Pyörälä, MD

Emeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland

Tim Radak, DrPH, MPH, RD

Academic Coordinator for DrPH and PhD Public Health Programs

College of Health SciencesWalden UniversityMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Suja tha Ra ja ram, PhD

Chair, SPH Doctoral CommitteeProgram Director, DrPH in NutritionSchool of Public HealthLoma Linda UniversityLoma Linda, California, USA

Mike Rayner, DPhil

Professor of Population HealthDirector, British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable DiseasePreventior|Nuffield Department of Population Health


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University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom

Crist ina Razquin Buri l lo , PhD

Colaborador de investigaciónDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthSchool of MedicineUniversity of NavarraNavarra, Spain

Bil l Reger-Nash, EdD

Professor Emeritus

West Virginia University School of Public HealthAssociate Chair, Morgantown Pedestrian Safety BoardMorgantown, West Virginia, USA

Shaun Riebl, PhD, RDN, LDN

Clinical Assistant ProfessorThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillGillings School of Global Public Health and UNC School of MedicineDepartment of NutritionDepartment of Medicine - Division of Nephrology and HypertensionUNC Hospitals Kidney and Hypertension Specialty ClinicChapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Eric Rimm, ScD

Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital

Professor of Epidemiology and NutritionDirector, Program in Cardiovascular EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBoston, Massachusetts, USA

Ulf Risérus, MMED, PhD

Associate Professor in Clinical NutritionDepartment of Public Health and Caring SciencesClinical Nutrition and MetabolismFaculty of Medicine, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden

Lorrene Ritchie, PhD, RD

Director, Nutrition Policy InstituteCooperative Extension SpecialistUniversity of California Agriculture and Natural ResourcesBerkeley, California, USA

Juan Rivera Dommarco, PhD, MS

DirectorCenter for Research in Nutrition and HealthInstituto Nacional de Salud PublicaCuernavaca, Mexico

Kim Robien, PhD, RD, CSO, FAND

Associate ProfessorDepartment of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMilken Institute School of Public HealthGeorge Washington UniversityWashington, D.C., USA

Fernando Rodr íguez-Ar ta le jo , MD, PhD

Professor of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

School of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain

Dora Romaguera, MSc, PhD

Institut d’Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa) and CIBER-OBNHospital Universitari Son Espases, Unitat de RecercaPalma de Mallorca, Spain

Emil io Ros, MD, PhD

Former Director, Lipid ClinicEndocrinology & Nutrition ServiceHospital ClínicCIBERobn, ISCI I I , SpainBarcelona, Spain


15/19

Dona l d (Di ego ) Rose, PhD , MPH

Professor and Head of Nutrition SectionSchool of Public Health and Tropical MedicineTulane UniversityNew Orleans, Louisiana, USA

Mig ue l Ru iz -Cane la , PhD , MPH

Associate ProfessorDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NavarraNavarra, Spain

Joan Sabaté , MD, Dr PHProfessor of NutritionSchool of Public HealthLoma Linda UniversityLoma Linda, California, USA

Frank Sacks , MD, ScB

Professor of Cardiovascular Disease PreventionDepartment of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBoston, Massachusetts, USA

Gui l le rm o Saez Torm o, MD, Ph D

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCoordinator for International Relations and Mobility ProgramsFaculty of Medicine and OdontologyService of Clinical Analysis

University Hospital Doctor Peset AleixandreUniversity of ValenciaValencia, Spain

Jord i Sa las-Sa l vadó, MD, PhD

Professor of NutritionDirector, Human Nutrition UnitDepartment of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, IISPVSchool of MedicineRovira i Virgili UniversityCIBERobn, Instituto Carlos IIIDirector, Centre Català de la Nutrició - Institut d'Estudis CatalansPast President, Federation of Spanish Food, Nutrition and Dietetic Scientific SocietiesDirector, Red Iberoamericana RIBESMETChairman, INC - World Forum for Nutrition Research and DisseminationReus, Spain

A l m u d en a Sán c h ez -Vi l l eg as , Ph D

Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversidad de las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas, Spain

Wi m H.M. Sar is , MD, Ph D

Professor of Human NutritionDepartment of Human BiologyNUTRIM: School of Nutr iti on and Translational ResearchMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, The Netherlands

Denn is Sava iano , PhD, MS

Virginia C. Meredith ProfessorDirector, North Central Nutrition Education Center

Department of Nutrition SciencePurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana, USA

Matth ias B. Schu lze , DrPH

German Institute of Human NutritionDepartment of Molecular EpidemiologyNuthetal, Germany

Urs u la Sc h wa b , Ph D

Associate Professor, Nutrition TherapyDepartment of Public Health and Clinical NutritionSchool of MedicineUniversity of Eastern Finland, Kuopio CampusKuopio, Finland

Ma r le n e B . Sc h w a r t z , Ph D


16/19

DirectorRudd Center for Food Policy and ObesityUniversity of ConnecticutStorrs, Connecticut, USA

Jacob C. Seidell, PhD

Professor of Nutrition and Health/University ProfessorVU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands

Lluis Serra-Majem, MD, MSc, PhD

Professor of Public Health

Director, Public Health Nutrition Research Center, University of BarcelonaPresident, Nutrition Without BordersUniversity of Gran CanariaGran Canaria, Spain

A. G. Shaper, FRCP, FRCPath, FFPHM

Ex-director, British Regional Heart StudyUniversity College of LondonLondon, United Kingdom

•Anna Maria Siega-Riz, PhD

Professor of Epidemiology and NutritionAssociate Dean for Academic AffairsGillings School of Global Public HealthChapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Les ley Schmid t Sindberg , MPH

Senior Research CoordinatorHealthy Eating Research)University of Minnesota School of Public HealthSt. Paul, Minnesota, USA

Jeremiah Stamler , MD

Professor Emeritus, Preventive Medicine and EpidemiologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, Illinois, USA

Meir Stampfer, MD, DrPH

Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolProfessor of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthAssociate Director, Channing Division of Network MedicineDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBoston, Massachusetts, USA

Mar ie -Pie r re St . -Onge, PhD, FAHA

Assistant Professor, Department of MedicineNew York Obesity Research CenterInstitute of Human NutritionCollege of Physicians & SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew York, New York, USA

* Mar y Sto ry , PhD, RD

Professor of Global Health and Community and Family MedicineDuke UniversityDurham, North Carolina, USA

Boyd Swinburn, MBChB, MD, FRACP, FNZCPHM

Professor of Population Nutrition and Global HealthUniversity of AucklandAlfred Deakin Professor

Deakin University, MelbourneMelbourne, Australia

Daniel R. Taber, PhD, MPH

Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Health Promotion & Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Texas School of Public HealthAustin, Texas, USA

Lindsey Smith Tail l ie , PhD, MPH

Research Assistant Professor, Department of NutritionFellow, Carolina Population CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Linda Tapsell , PhD, FDAA, AM


17/19

Discipline Leader, Nutrition and DieteticsGraduate School of MedicineFaculty of Science, Medicine and HealthUniversity of WollongongWollongong, Australia

Cynth ia Thomson, PhD, RD

Professor, Health Promotion SciencesDirector, University of Arizona Canyon Ranch Center for Prevention & Health PromotionMel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public HealthUniversity of ArizonaTucson, Arizona, USA

Franc isco 3. T inaho nes, MD, PhD

Professor of MedicineDirector, Endocrinology and Nutrition Services, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaCoordinator, Complications of Obesity, CIBEROBNUniversity of MálagaMálaga, Spain

Estefania Toledo, MD, PhD, MPH

Associate ProfessorUniversity of NavarraNavarra, Spain

Mathi ld e Touv ier , PhD, HDR

Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris CitéEquipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie NutritionnelleUniversités Paris 5, 7 et 13

Bobigny Cedex, France

A l i son To v ar , Ph D, MPH

Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Rhode IslandKingston, Rhode Island, USA

A n t o n i a Tr i c h o p o u l o u , MD

Emeritus Professor, Nutritional EpidemiologyUniversity of Athens Medical SchoolAthens, Greece

Josep A. Tur, PhD

Professor of PhysiologyResearch Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative StressUniversity of the Balearic Islands & CIBERobn CB12/03/30038

Palma de Mallorca, Spain

Matt i Uusitupa, MD, PhD

Professor EmeritusInstitute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuu, Finland

Linda Van Horn, PhD, RD

Professor, Preventive MedicineAssociate Dean for Faculty DevelopmentFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, Illinois, USA

Carlo La Vec ch ia , MD

Professor of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology

Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy

Jesus Vioque, MD, PhD, MPH

Unidad de Epidemiología de la NutriciónCampus San Juan. Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Miguel HernandezAlicante, Spain

Dav id Wal l inga , MD

Senior Health OfficerNatural Resources Defense CouncilSan Francisco, California, USA

May Wang, DrPH


18/19

Professor, Community Health SciencesDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, California, USA

Dian ne S. War d, EdD

Professor, Department of NutritionGillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North CarolinaChapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Ju l ia Wär nb erg , PhD

NutritionistUniversity of MalagaMalaga, Spain

Connie M. Weav er , PhD

Distinguished Professor and Department HeadDepartment of Nutrition ScienceDirector, Women's Global Health InstitutePurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana, USA

Howell Wechsler, EdD, MPH

Chief Executive OfficerAlliance for a Healthier GenerationWashington, D.C., USA

Elisabete Weiderpass, MD, PhD, MSc

Professor of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of NorwayTromsø, NorwaySenior Cancer Epidemiologist, Department of Etiological Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of NorwayOslo, NorwayProfessor of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, KarolinskaInstitutetStockholm, SwedenGroup Leader, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinki, Finland

Shelley Weinstock, PhD, CNS, FACN

Career ServicesInstitute of Human NutritionColumbia UniversityNew York, New York, USA

Emily Welker, MPH, RDProgram CoordinatorHealthy Eating ResearchDuke Global Health InstituteDuke UniversityDurham, North Carolina, USA

Paul Whelton, MD, MSc

Show Chwan Professor of Global Public HealthTulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew Orleans, Louisiana, USA

Walter Wil lett , MD, DrPH, MPH

Frederick John Stare Professor of Epidemiology and NutritionChair, Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthProfessor, Department of Medicine

Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts, USA

A l i c j a Wo l k , DMSc

Professor of Nutritional EpidemiologyVice-chairman, Institute of Environmental MedicineHead, Division of Nutritional EpidemiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden

Jayne Woods ide , PhD

Nutrition and Metabolism GroupCentre for Public HealthBelfast, United Kingdom

Kana Wu , MD, PhD


19/19

Senior Research ScientistDepartment of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBoston, Massachusetts, USA

Lisa R. Young, PhD, RD

Adjunct Professor of NutritionNew York UniversityNew York, New York, USA

*2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee member

Affiliations are listed for identification purposes only.

Graduate Students

Stacy Blondin, MSPH

USDA Doctoral FellowChildObesity 180Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBoston, Massachusetts, USA

Larissa Calancie

Doctoral Candidate - Nutrition Interventions and PolicyUniversity of North Carolina Gillings School of Public HealthUNC Center for Health Promotion and Disease PreventionChapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Chr is t ina Chauvenet , MSc

Doctoral StudentMaternal and Child HealthRoyster FellowUniversity of North Carolina Gillings School of Public HealthChapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Cesar Octavio Ramos Garcia, MHN, CN

Doctoral Student in Public Health SciencesDirector of NutritionTonala University CenterUniversity of GuadalajaraGuadalajara, Mexico

Vio le t Kiese l

Graduate StudentPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana, USA

A l ex an d r a B. Mo rs h ed

Doctoral StudentBrown SchoolWashington UniversitySt. Louis, Missouri, USA

Taulant Muka, MD, MSc, DSc

PhD Candidate, Erasmus MC, The NetherlandsVisiting Researcher at Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, Massachusetts, USA

Luis A. Rodríguez, MPH, RD, CNSC

Doctoral Stude nt, Epide miology & Translat ional SciencesUCSF School of MedicinePediatric Clinical Dietitian, UCSF Benioff Children's HospitalSan Francisco, California, USA

Chr is t ian Wr igh t , MS

Doctoral CandidateDepartment of Nutrition ScienceLaboratory of Nutrition, Fitness, and AgingNSGSO PresidentPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana, USA

Affiliations are listed for identification purposes only.

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