Origin of the earth : Origin of the life? - MWITdeardean/pdf4ppt/biodiver/monera_I.pdf · Origin of...
Transcript of Origin of the earth : Origin of the life? - MWITdeardean/pdf4ppt/biodiver/monera_I.pdf · Origin of...
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Origin of the earth : Origin of the life?
http://www.joergresag.privat.t-online.de/mybk4htm/chap43.htmhttp://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_2a.html
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Origin of the earth : Origin of the life?
http://www.joergresag.privat.t-online.de/mybk4htm/chap43.htmhttp://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_2a.html
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Isosphaera : Greenland
Origin of the earth : Origin of the life?
Eobacterium isolatum : Minnesota
Archaeospheroides barbertonensis : Swaziland
The oldest living?
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http://universe-review.ca/R11-07-microbiology.htm
Origin of the earth : Origin of the life?
Proto-cell
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From Proto-cell to Cell
The evidence : Microfossil in Archaean rock
http://www.joergresag.privat.t-online.de/mybk4htm/stromatolite_sharkbay.jpghttp://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_2a.html
Stromatotites
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Stromatotites : evidence of Archaean bacteria
http://www.wmnh.com/wmel0000.htmhttp://waynesword.palomar.edu/ploct97.htm
From Proto-cell to Cell
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From Proto-cell to Cell
Prokaryotic cell
Anaerobic organisms
Tolerance for extreme environment
FIRST CELL
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What is the different between these cells?
http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/ProkEuk.htm
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Some of the differents
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~Archaea~3 Domains of Life
~Eubacteria~
~Eukaryota~http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/domain1.gif
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3 Domains of Life
LUCA : the Last Universal Common Ancestor
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http://universe-review.ca/R11-07-microbiology.htm
Rank of Life
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http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=73&theme=printer
Promoter of Gene
• no Tf• Histone• Met
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaeamm.html
Membrane Lipids of the living
Archaea
Bacteria
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(1) Halophiles in salty lakes (2) Thermoproteus in deep-sea hydrothermal vents(3) Sulfolobus in hot sulfur springs (4) Methanococcus in swamps and marshes(5) Acidianus in acidic ponds
http://universe-review.ca/I11-29-archaea2.jpg
EXTREME ENVIRONMENT
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/plsept98.htm
Saltbush scrub and cottonwood trees in Owens Valley, with Owens Salt Lake and the Inyo Range in the distance. The pinkish coloration of the water is caused by high concentrations of Halophilic archaebacteria. Image taken in August 2006.
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Owens lake bed along Highway 395 south of Lone Pine with Sierra Nevada in the distance. The salt crust is colored red by dense colonies of Halophilic archaebacteria.
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ploct97.htm
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Shape of Archaea
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Divisions of Archaea
Extremophiles Methanogen Thermophiles
Crenarchaeota KorarchaeotaEuryarchaeota
http://www.daviddarling.info/images/archaea.jpg
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http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/paleontology/MaiLinEvo.html
16S rRNA Phylogenic tree
Eubacteria
Archaea
Eukaryota
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Bacteria
ProteobacteiaChlamydiasSpirocheatesGram positive bacteriaCyanobacteria
http://bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de/1471-2180-5-19/1471-2180-5-19-2.jpg
Many methods to classify
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* High diversity* Gram Negative* Aaerobic or Anaerobic* Photoautotrophs
Chemoautotrophs orHeteroautotrophs
Proteobacteria
Rhizobium
Endosymbiosis
http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/images/endosymbiosis.jpghttp://www.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/Effects.html
α
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Proteobacteria
Nitrosomonas
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/images/thumb/8/89/Zdrs0232.jpg/350px-Zdrs0232.jpg
http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil2125/img/9snitrf.jpg
β
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Proteobacteria
Chromatium
http://www.hik.hu/tankonyvtar/site/books/b159/kepek/K4003.jpg
Vibrio
γ
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab1/images/96525g.jpg
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Proteobacteria δ
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
http://www.eurekalert.org/features/kids/2004-01/aaft-tnb020805.php
http://www.asm.org/ASM/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000002458/CTphoto2%20copy.gif
http://www.innovations-report.de/bilder_neu/25204_bbakterien2.jpg
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Proteobacteria
http://www.nexium.net/gUserFiles/HELICOBACTERPYLORI_450.gif
http://www.vcharkarn.com/tech/pictures/A320/helicobacterpylori4.jpg
More info : http://h.pylori.info/
Nobel prize 2005
ε
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Chlamydia
* Animal parasiteChlamydia trachomatis : nongonococcal uretritis
* Gram negative, no peptidoglycan
More info : http://www.siamhealth.net/Disease/infectious/std/Clamydia.htm
http://www.sgm.ac.uk/pubs/micro_today/pdf/050304.pdf#xml=http://www.sgm.ac.uk/scripts/texis.exe/webinator/search/xml.txt?query=chlamydia&pr=sgm&order=r&id=3eee77251e
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Spirochete
* Spiral : 0.25 mm* Free living or
Pathogen : Treponema pallidum :syphilis
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/trepo.jpghttp://apatheticaphid.wordpress.com/category/medical-history/
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Gram Positive Bacteria
* Gram positive* Free living or pathogen
Clostridium botulinumBacillus anthracis
http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/anthrax/01pathogene.htmhttp://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/dkcbot.html
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Actinomyces : Streptomyces
http://www.bio-pro.de/imperia/md/images/artikelgebunden/ulm/luftmycel_338x268.jpg
http://hp.brs.nihon-u.ac.jp/~kenueda/Streptomyces.JPG
Gram Positive Bacteria
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Mycoplasmas
http://www.naturalhealinghouse.com/images/mycoplasma.jpg
* Smallest bacteria* No cell wall* Diameter 0.1 μm
(5x ribosome)* Walking pneumonia
Gram Positive Bacteria
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Cyanobacteria
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios104/mike/bacteria01.htm
Photoautotrophs
Single or Colony
Nitrogen fixation
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http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48222/Nostoc2.gif
Cyanobacteria
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http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48165/Anabaena.gif
Cyanobacteria
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KINGDOM MONERA
Schizophyta Cyanophyta
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/proceuc/c27x3proc_shapes.jpghttp://www.ibvf.cartuja.csic.es/Cultivos/fotos/Spirulina_sp._PCC_6313_dis.jpg
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Bacteria/Cyanobacteria/Oscillatoria/Oscillatoria_MC.html
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KINGDOM MONERA
Prokaryotic cell70S RibosomePeptidoglycanSheath or capsuleNo FlagellaCyanophycean starchGas vacuole
Division Cyanophyta
http://www.dr-sanderson.org/images/prokaryoticcell.gif
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KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
http://courses.cm.utexas.edu/jrobertus/ch339k/overheads-2/ch12_bacteriorhodopsin.jpg
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/rhynie/cyano.htm
Photoautotroph
Cyanobacteria
Archaea
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KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
* Chlorophyll a as Plant* No Plastid* Chromoplasm & Centroplasm* Many Pigments :β-caroteneXanthophyllPhycobilin
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255phts/gk6x5.chlorophyll.gif
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KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/ Cyanobacteria.htm
Photosynthetic Membrane
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KINGDOM MONERA
Special cell :
Division Cyanophyta
AkineteHeterocyst
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/Cyanobacteria.htm
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KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/Cyanobacteria.htm
Thick cell wall
Food reserve
Closed heterocyst
Reproduction : Spores
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KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
HeterocystThick cell wallClearly yellowNitrogen fixation
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/Cyanobacteria.htm
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KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
Nitrogen fixation
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/PlantCellWalls00/AzollaScan.jpghttp://oczkowodne.net/flora/azolla2.jpg
http://gcep.stanford.edu/images/factsheets/biohydrogen_generation2.jpg
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KINGDOM MONERA
http://www.nccpg.com/Images/MH11.gif
Lichens : Fungus & Photoautotroph microbe
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Lichens/Foliose_lichens_130_d.gifhttp://www.perspective.com/nature/fungi/cladonia.jpg
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Nostoc
Oscillatoria Spirulina
AnacystisChroococcus
KINGDOM MONERA
Division Cyanophyta
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/Cyanobacteria.htm
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Division Schizophyta
KINGDOM MONERA
http://www.freeinfosociety.com/coppermine/displayimage.php?album=12&pos=1
* Small living* Prokaryotic cell* Peptidoglycan* 3 major shape :
Rod (Bacillus)Coccus (Spheral)Spiral (Spirilum)
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Division Schizophyta
KINGDOM MONERA
http://www.pinkmonkey.com/studyguides/subjects/biology-edited/chap14/14_8.gif
http://bio.winona.edu/delong/Principles/bacterial%20colonies.gif
Single cellColony
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Division Schizophyta
KINGDOM MONERA
Movement
http://www.arn.org/docs/mm/flag_labels.jpghttp://www.sparknotes.com/biology/microorganisms/protista/section1.html
Flagella : Flagellin
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Division Schizophyta
KINGDOM MONERA
Microbial genetics
* Genome : Nucleoid & Plasmid* Monoploid* Single circular double strand
DNA* Mesosome vs Binary fission
http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/ProkEuk.htmhttp://lecturer.ukdw.ac.id/dhira/BacterialStructure/BactStructImages/Mesosome.jpg
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Division Schizophyta
KINGDOM MONERA
Reproduction
http://www.karlloren.com/biopsy/p66.htm
<<Binary fission
Conjugation>>
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/96444c.jpghttp://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/27-x1-ProkaryoteConjugation.jpg
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Division Schizophyta
KINGDOM MONERA
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/strep-pneu2.jpg
Diplococcus Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
E. coli
Spirillum
http://web.gccaz.edu/~lsola/bio182/labreview/spirill.jpghttp://www.rowett.ac.uk/edu_web/images/gut_reaction_images/E_coli_lge.jpg
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t028/ T028362A.jpg http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/263D4EDB-3C96-4AC6-8C58-B7AF8F6CF2C5/0/staphylococcus_epidermidis.jpg