Origin of States

7/29/2019 Origin of States

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THEORIES ON THE

ORIGIN OF STATE

Prepared by:TJ Marie Figueroa

Ma. Risa Joy A. Auro

BSN3-C


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How did states andgovernments comeinto

being?


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Origins of the State

Divine Right

Necessity or Force Theory

Paternalistic Theory

Social Contract Theory

Fourtheories:


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DIVINE RIGHT THEORY

Attributes to the aid of divine creation inthe formation of a state with a ruler clothedand ordained by God.

Belief that kings are chosen by a deity torule the state

Ancient examples include Egyptians and Aztecs

15th Century Europe, the belief is used byroyalty as the justification for absolute rule

To question the king was not only treasonbut seen as a sin against God


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NECESSITY or FORCE Theory

Formation of a state was a result of mensdesire for common protection by astronger, power, and influential ruler

People are brought under the control ofsome authority

States emerged from the conquest of

other families or tribes


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PATERNALISTIC orPATRIARCHAL THEORY

Decrees the origin of states from the

growth and sustained existence of thefamily under a father-like control andleadership

Gradual expansion of family

aka Kinship Theory or the SociologicalTheory of the origin of the state


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SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

State is not a divine institutionrather, it is an artificialinstitution made by men and it

is the outcome of a socialcontract


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Main supporters of theory:

Thomas HobbesJohn LockeJean Jacques Rousseau

1.Before the birth ofstate, people livedin a society which

they designated asthe State ofNature

2. Inhabitants of the

State of Naturebrought the stateinto existencethrough contract



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Hobbes ~ Social Contract

State of nature- every man isthe enemy of every man

People entered into acontract among themselvesand established the state

People surrendered all theirrights unconditionally to theruler who was not a party to

the contract but becamesovereign as a result of it


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Locke ~ Social Contract

State of nature-could livehappily, enjoying NaturalRights and obeying Natural

Laws Locke believed that if the

government fails to providepeople with security or if the

state abused its power overthe people the people couldchange the government.


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J.J. Rousseau

State of nature-simple, free and happy

earthly paradise

In order to get rid of chaotic conditionsof the State of Nature, they made acontract and created the State

Individuals surrendered all their rightsto society of which everyone of themwas a partner


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Value of the Theory

1. Able to eliminate the idea that state is adivine institution and to establish a factthat it is a human organization.

2. Served as an antidote to absolutemonarchy.

3. Asserted the values of rights and liberty.


Origin of States

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