Culture:

The system of beliefs, customs, values, and institutions shared and transmitted by members of a particular group or organization

Elements of Culture:1.Artifacts: things representing group beliefs & culture

2.Values: beliefs about use of time and hard work; the way things ought to be (according to founder)

3. Basic assumptions: core beliefs of the group, relationship between individuals and group, supervisor- supervisee relationships, risk-taking,new worker orientation, benefits

1.Dominant culture - majority of members share the core values

2.sub culture –values shared by small group. arise out of problems, experience ..,

3.Authoritarian culture – leader of the orgn., have full control over

subordinates4.Participative culture- superiors motivate

subordinates to perform a

task5.strong culture- core values of the orgn., has

been accepted by large no., of employees

6.weak culture -sharing few values by employees.

CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OR LEVELS OF CULTURE

Understanding Organizational Culture

Antecedents

• Founder’s values

• Industry & business environment• National culture• Senior leaders’ vision and behavior

Organizational Structure &

Practices

• Reward systems

• Organizational design

Organizational Culture

• Observable artifacts

• Espoused values

• Basic assumptions

Group & Social

Processes• Socialization

• Mentoring• Decision making• Group dynamics• Communication• Influence & empowerment• LeadershipOrganizationa

l Outcomes

• Effectiveness

• Innovation & stress

Collective Attitudes &

Behavior

• Work attitudes

• Job satisfaction

• Motivation