Organizing Data

Categorical/QualitativeQuantitative: Discreet and Continuous

Qualitative Data

• Data that can be identified as non-numerical

Example:a) Genderb) Subjects taught in high schoolc) Leading causes of cancerd) Nationally recognized holidays

Quantitative Data• Data that can be identified as numerical, which

implies that it can be ranked in some way.

Example:a) Grade point averagesb) Bowling scoresc) Rankings of major cities in crime preventiond) Prices of gasoline at different service stations

Quantitative Data - Discreet• Data that can be assigned a specific value and

can be counted.Example:a) The number of children in a classroomb) The annual salary of a person (in whole $)c) The number of months in a yeard) Attendance at a concert

Quantitative Data - Continuous• Data that can be obtained by measuring, not

by countingExample:a) The temperature at different times of the dayb) The weight of each player on a football teamc) The number of gallons of water in different

swimming poolsd) The heights of adults at a party

Quantitative Data - Continuous• Data that can be obtained by measuring, not

by counting

This data is an estimation. If we claim that a person weighs 160 pounds, we recognize that our accuracy is only as good as the scale that is being used.

Quantitative Data - Continuous• Data that can be obtained by measuring, not

by counting

This data is an estimation. Suppose that your time was clocked at 11.2 seconds for a 100-yard dash. It is possible that your time was closer to 11.22 seconds or even 11.19 seconds.

Presumptions of Continuous Data• When continuous data is used, there are

presumed boundaries associated with the given value.

• 159.5 160160.5

We would include the lower boundary because the nearest pound, 159.5 rounds off to 160, but 160.5 would actually round off to 161.

Boundaries are written as intervals:159.5 – 160.5

Technique used to establish boundaries?

Rules Lower boundary

Data Upper boundary

Integer xx – 0.5x + 0.5

9

Tenths x – 0.05X + 0.05

9.1

8.5 9.5

9.05 9.15

What are the boundaries for 52.81?

52.805 – 52.815Remember that 52.805 is included in

this interval, but 52.815 is not included.

What are the boundaries for 33.0?

32.95 – 33.05Be careful here! Even though 33.0

has the same numerical value as 33, the given measurement is shown to be accurate to the nearest tenth.

The length of a stapler is measured to be 4.85 inches. How many of the following numbers

would be included in the interval containing the associated boundaries?

4.848 4.855 4.8449 4.94.8452Interval:

4.845 and 4.855 Be sure to

understand that the upper boundary of

4.855 is not included

Which one(s) of the following are representative of qualitative data?

1. time needed to complete a project2. number of houses in a city block3. depth of an ocean4. blood type

Numbers such as Social Security numbers, house addresses, and company badge

numbers are also considered qualitative data.

They contain numbers but there is no ranking system involved. One SS# has no greater value than another SS#

Math Flash!!!

Organize Data in Pie Graph (pie chart/circle graph)

• Pie graph is best to use when we are looking at the percent contribution of the component of the component parts of a particular category.

In the Growing Strong Hospital, a survey was taken of the marital status of each employee. The results showed that 20% are married with no children, 25% are married with at least one

child, 15% are single, 30% are divorced, and the remaining 10% are widowed. Create an

appropriate pie graph.

• Married with No Children: (0.20)(3600)=720

• Married with at Least One Child: (0.25)(3600)=900

• Single: (0.15)(3600)=540

• Divorced: (0.30)(3600)=1080

• Widowed: (0.10)(3600)=360

The sum of the degrees in each category is 3600

Label each category of the graph by percent

not by degree.

Suppose there are a total of 1500 employees in the Growing Strong Hospital.

How many of them are either single or divorced?

Percent of single employees + divorced employees

15%+ 30% = 45%

1500(0.45)= 675 employees