Organizations and Project Management
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Transcript of Organizations and Project Management
Organizations and Project Organizations and Project ManagementManagement
OutlineOutline
SystemsOrganizationsOrganizational structureOrganizational cultureLeadership & Management
Systems: sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.
Systems analysis: a problem solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system, dividing it into components, and then identifying and evaluating problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs
Systems Management: managing the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and changing a system◦ How does this relate to the course project?
SystemsSystems
OrganizationsOrganizationsTwo or more people working
together to achieve something (that often cannot be accomplished alone)
Shared ◦vision?◦mission?◦values?
Organizational structureOrganizational structureSystem of relations, governing
activities of employees, reliant upon one another to meet common goals
Embedded in position descriptionsPictured in position relationships
shown on organizational chartsRevealed in distribution of
authority and communication channels
Organizational structureOrganizational structureSince it is based upon
relationships, it changes, even when it looks fixed
Varies from the simple to complexCan be formal or informalMay be centralized or
decentralizedMarked by specialization and
coordination
Ex. Functional StructureEx. Functional Structure Hierarchies
◦ Top Level Management◦ Middle Level Management◦ Floor Supervisors◦ Floor Workers
Horizontal and vertical components Also Distinguished by:
◦ Governing rules –often rigid◦ Specialized functional units◦ Division of labor◦ Chain of command
Authority: right of supervisor to direct subordinates; flows from chain of command; vested in position, not person
Power: ability to influence the behavior of others; may derive from: management, ability to reward, expertise, and/or respect
Examples?
Ex. Project Organization Ex. Project Organization StructuresStructuresHierarchies
◦ Groups/teams still report to managers up the hierarchy (ex. Portfolio manager, area manager, CEO, etc)
Staff have varied skills to complete jobsOften provide services to other
organizations ◦ Ex. IT consulting firms, engineering firms,
service contractors, architectural firms, audit/accounting/management firms
What about the middle ground? ◦ Matrixed organizations
Organizational CultureOrganizational CultureNot a model for management but a
theory that explains workplace behavior
Often operates unconsciously but guides action and affects ability to change
Exists alongside formal organizational structure, can be at odds with it
Learned responses of an organization in adapting to an external environment and integrating internally its experiences
Elements of Organizational Elements of Organizational CultureCultureSymbols: décor, signs, clothing Language: use of terminologyStandards of behavior: meetingsSlogans: sayingsHeroes: those who embody the
cultureMythology: stories that are repeatedCeremonies: special events,
celebrations
Levels of Organizational Levels of Organizational CultureCultureUnderlying assumptions
◦Unspoken and unconscious but guide action
Espoused values◦Stated in mission, ethical codes, etc.
Artifacts◦Visible evidence of assumptions in
behavior, rituals, myths, etc.
StakeholdersStakeholdersStakeholders – people involved in
or impacted by the projectProject teams must have an
understanding of the project stakeholders◦Must understand the organization
and the client’s stakeholders if they will be impacted by the IT project
Leadership and Leadership and Management stylesManagement styles
Think of a manager you worked for and how s/he treated subordinates:
Did s/he build team spirit? Did s/he monitor work closely? Did s/he punish mistakes?Did s/he permit you to share in goal
setting and decision-making?