ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

• Orgenisation behavior is a systematic study of the action & attitudes that people exhibit within orgenisation

Stephen Robins

• OB is the systematic study & careful application of knowledge

about how people –as individual & as group –act within orgenisation.

• John Neuston

• Key parts of the definition– Systematic study

» The use of scientific evi dence gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner to attribute cause and effect. (ppt 6)

» OB—its theories and conclusions—is based on a large number of systematically designed research studies.

– Systematic study of actions (or behaviors) and attitudes include three areas: productivity, absenteeism, and turnover. » Managers clearly are concerned with the quantity and

quality of output that each employee generates. » Absence and turnover—particularly excessively high rates—

can adversely affect this output

Characteristics / nature of OB• Art as well as science

– The systematic of knowledge about human behaviour is a science & application of this knowledge & related skills towards being art

• Human tool– Is tool for solve human problem in orgenisation .

• Action & goal-oriented discipline – Major goal of OB is to explain & predict human behaviour .

• Levels of analysis– i) individual behaviour ii) group behaviour iii) behavior of the orgenisation

• Integrating approach – It balance human ,technical & ethical values at work ,anthropology , psychology ,

social psychology ,sociology ,political science ,geography , IT

• Holistic approach– It relates people ,whole group ,orgenisation as whole system – Issue are analyzed in terms of whole situation

• Behavioral approach to management – Behavioral approach of understanding human being , groups & orgenisation

• Universal principle

Elements of organizational behaviour 1. People

– Success of orgenisation depends on the psyche of its people –their drive & focus

2. Process– Process include policies ,methods, procedures , rules & regulation

3. Technology– Provide the methods & technique of doing work

4. Environment5. Vision

– It represent desire ,dreams ,hopes ,goals & plans– Need clear vision

6. Culture– It is a system of shared values ,& beliefs that interact with company’s

people ,organizational structure & control system to produce behavioral norms.

Contributing discipline to the OB

Study Of OB

Multidisciplinary ApproachTraditional Disciplines Relevance to OB Topics

Psychology Drives, perception, attitudes, personality, stress, conflict, emotions, leadership

Sociology Teams, roles, socialization, communication, power, structures

Anthropology Culture, structure, intergroup conflict, coalition formation, power and politics, decision-making, organizational environments

Economics Decision-making, negotiation, power

Industrial engineering Job design, productivity, work measurement

Emerging Disciplines

Communications Knowledge management, e-mail, socialization

Information systems Team dynamics, decision-making, knowledge management

Marketing Knowledge management, creativity, decision-making

Woman’s studies Power, perceptions, diversity

Models of OB1. The autocratic model

– In this manager are only concern being profit ,employees welfare was neglected – This model work on power & obedience– Believes in strict discipline & command over employee behaviour – It useful where workers are lazy & have tendency to shirk work.– Worker feel frustrated or harassed.– Employee feel insecurity in job. –

2. The custodian(guardian) model– According factory act 1948 it is obligatory for an employer to take care of his

employees – Economic incentives & managerial orientation for motivation & job security – Fear of management in autocratic model is replaced by gratitude towards it – According this model money is the best way to motivate .

1. The supportive model– It is based on leadership rather than authority or economic rewards – The manager is more of leader than boss.– The leader has to crate environment of motivation & willingness among the

employee– Leaders assume that employee will take responsibility, make their contribution &

improve themselves if – This models take care of psychological need of the employee & security need .

2. The collegial model – Collegial relates to group of person having common purpose – Orgenisation treat employee as partner – The manager had become a facilitator– Managers are not superior but coordinators – Entire work is carried out by a team– Under this model worker have job satisfaction , job involvement ,job commitment– Giving facilities , monetary & non-financial incentives push the employee give the

best

Challenges Facing the Workplace

Workplace

Organizational Level

• Productivity• Developing Effective Employees• Global Competition• Managing in the Global Village

Group Level

• Working With Others

• Workforce Diversity

Individual Level

• Job Satisfaction

• Empowerment• Behaving Ethically

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Challenges and Opportunities for OB

Challenges and Opportunity for OB1. Responding to Globalization

– Increased foreign assignment– Working with people from different cultures – Managing people during terror & war

2. Managing Workforce Diversity– Workforce diversity means orgenisation becoming a more

heterogeneous mix of people in terms of gender , age , ethics, values.– Diversity if positively managed can increase creativity & innovation in

orgenisation & increasing decision making.– Managers have to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike to

recognizing differences and responding to those differences in ways that ensure employee retention and greater productivity

3. Improving Quality and Productivity4. Improving Customer Service

– The management must create customer responsive culture – Prompt in responding customer need

Challenges and Opportunity for OB5. Improving People Skills6. Stimulation Innovation and Change

– Manager has to stimulate the employees creativity & tolerance for change

7. Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts– OB offers a number of suggestion to guide manager in designing workplace

& jobs that can help employee deal with work-life conflicts.

8. Improving Ethical Behavior– Managers needs to create an ethically healthy climate for his or her

employee in which employee can work productively – Minimize the dilemma regarding right & wrong behaviour.

9. Coping with temporariness – Jobs are continually being redesigned ; task are increasingly being done by

flexible team – Workers must continually update their knowledge & skills to perform new

job – Managers & employee must learn to cope with temporariness.

10.Developing of work ethics & culture

Importance of OB1. Helps manager in getting the work done through effectives

ways2. To understand self & other3. Helps to increase in employee satisfaction4. It helps to develop work related behavior & job satisfaction5. It helps in building motivating climate6. It helps in building cordial industrial relations.7. It implies effective management of human resources8. It helps in predicting behavior & applying it in some

meaningful way to make orgenisation more effective

Limitations of OB1. OB will not eliminate conflict & frustration; it can only

reduce them

2. Improved OB will not solve unemployment

3. Existence of behavioral bias

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Key forces affecting Organizational Behavior

People•Individuals•Groups

Environment•Government•Competition

•Societal pressure

Organizational Behavior

Technology•Machinery

•Computer hardware&software

Structure•Jobs

•Relationships