ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
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Transcript of ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
College of Public Administration
[ PA3 ] MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS
GROUP REPORT No. 2:
ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR
Reported By:
DIMARUCOT, OMAR N. ( BSPA – IIA )
Chapter Objective:
Why Do We Study ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR?
To learn about yourself and how to deal with others
You are part of an organization now, and will continue to be a part of various organizations
Organizations are increasingly expecting individuals to be able to work in teams, at least some of the time.
You would be able to empower yourself and see companies and its dynamics in a different light thereby becoming better managers and future leaders.
I N T R O D U C T I O N
Basic Concepts:
Organization
Organization Structure
Organizational System
Organizational Culture
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior System
Organizational Climate
I N T R O D U C T I O N
What is an ORGANIZATION ?
A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.
Shared… vision? mission? values?
Concepts of Organization
Importance of Organizations Bring together resources to achieve desired
goals and outcomes Produce goods and services efficiently Facilitate innovation Use modern manufacturing and information
technologies Adapt to and influence a changing environment Create value for owners, customers and
employees Accommodate ongoing challenges of diversity,
ethics, and the motivation and coordination of employees
Concepts of Organization
Organization Structure System of relations, governing activities of
employees, reliant upon one another to meet common goals
Embedded in position descriptions Pictured in position relationships shown on organizational
charts Revealed in distribution of authority and communication
channels Since it is based upon relationships, it changes, even
when it looks fixed Varies from the simple to complex Can be formal or informal May be centralized or decentralized Marked by specialization and coordination
Concepts of Organization
Organizational System
"organizational systems are stable, influence everyone's performance and can be consciously designed."
However, prior to planning an organizational system, knowledge of the various types of systems that exist is required.
Concepts of Organization
Types of Organizational System
1. Tribal, Agricultural, & Familial
2. Hierarchical Organization
3. Flat Organizational Structure
4. Matrix Organizational System
5. Fishnet Organizational Model
Concepts of Organization
Types of Organizational System
1. Tribal, Agricultural, & Familial
Concepts of Organization
It was developed out of necessity because populations increased and the need for food and security became pressing.
headed by a chief who is followed by a group of people that may differ in class and leadership role
Types of Organizational System
2. Hierarchical Organization
Concepts of Organization
also know as a bureaucratic management, there is a chief executive officer at the head of the organization.
It is simple and easy to understand because of the well-defined structure, authority and job responsibilities.
Types of Organizational System
3. Flat Organizational Structure
Concepts of Organization
a business in which the structure has few or no levels of management between staff members and managers.
Also known as horizontal systems. functions on the assumption that well-trained
and skilled workers are more productive when directly involved in the decision-making process, rather than supervised by many managers.
Types of Organizational System
4. Matrix Organizational System
Concepts of Organization
combines both the flat and hierarchical structures.
a general manager is at the top of the hierarchy while the rest of the organization is mostly flat.
allows for a better integration of diverse areas of expertise.
allows for wiser decisions because of the wide range of skills and specialization from team members applied to the business.
Types of Organizational System
5. Fishnet Organizational Model
Concepts of Organization
developed in the 1990s, is an informal structure that meets immediate demands and provides long-term flexibility.
The system allows an executive committee to keep the control and make important decisions while decentralized work units are formed around the tasks and projects.
This model can only work if multiple information technologies, such as telecommunications, are used and management principles are understood to allow for the constant change in teams to be done as efficiently as possible.
Basic Concepts of Organizational System
1. Individual Differences A person is a distinct individual, he is unique and
different from others.
2. Perception Is the act of faculty apprehending by means of the
sense of the mind.
3. Whole Person When a person joins an organization, he is hired not
only because of his brains but, as a whole, person possessed with certain characteristics.
Concepts of Organization
Basic Concepts of Organizational System
4. Motivated Behavior These may relate to a person’s needs or the
consequences that result from acts.
5. Desire for Involvement Many employees today are actively seeking opportunities
at work to become involved in relevant decisions, thereby contributing their talents and ideas to the organizations’ success.
6. Value of the Person For their skills and abilities and to be provided with
opportunities to develop themselves.
Concepts of Organization
Organizational Culture
“…the system of norms, beliefs and assumptions, and values that determine how people in the organization act—even when that action may be at odds with written policies and formal reporting relationships.”
Not a model for management but a theory that explains workplace behavior.
Often operates unconsciously but guides action and affects ability to change.
Exists alongside formal organizational structure, can be at odds with it.
Learned responses of an organization in adapting to an external environment and integrating internally its experiences.
Concepts of Organization
Organizational Behavior a field of study that investigates how individuals, groups
and structure affect and are affected by behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
as an applied science is a scientific discipline in which a larch number of research studies and conceptual developments constantly add to its knowledge base.
It provides a useful set of tools at many levels of analysis to help managers look at the behavior of individuals within the environment. I
It also aids their understanding of the complexities which affect the interpersonal relations of dynamics of relationships within small groups, both formal and informal.
The nature of study of organizational behaviour is investigative to establish cause and effect relationship.
Concepts of Organizational Behavior
What is HUMAN BEHAVIOR? Any act of an individual
person which is considered human behavior is a reflection of his thoughts, feelings, emotions, sentiments, whether conscious or not.
Concepts of Organizational Behavior
Goals of Organizational Behavior
1. To Describe systematically how people behave as they interact with
one another. 2. To Understand why people behave in varied manners. Managers should be able to understand the reasons
behind the actions of their employees. 3. To Predict predict future employee behavior so that an appropriate
course of action may be employed. 4. To Control to control and develop human activity at work
Concepts of Organizational Behavior
Factors Affecting Organizational Behavior
Concepts of Organizational Behavior
ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR
Structure
Environment
TechnologyPeople
Concepts of Organizational Behavior
Factors Affecting Organizational Behavior
1. PEOPLE People make up the internal social system of the
organization. The system consists of individuals and groups, large or small, with different values and orientations.
People join formal and informal groups. People are the thinking, iiving and feeling beings who
interact as they work in an organization to achieve their objectives.
Organizations exist to serve people; people do not exist to serve organizations.
The diversity of work force in terms of educational backgrounds, talents, values, culture, needs, and perspectives in their jobs presents a challenging to managerial style to be attuned in these diverse patterns and trends.
Concepts of Organizational Behavior
Factors Affecting Organizational Behavior
2. STRUCTURE The structure fundamentally defines the formal
relationships and use of human resources in an organization.
Different tasks are required to accomplish use of human resources in an organization.
Different tasks are required to accomplish the activities of the organization.
These people have to be related in some structural way so that their tasks can be effectively coordinated.
These relationships naturally create some complex problems of negotiation, cooperation and decision making.
Concepts of Organizational Behavior
Factors Affecting Organizational Behavior
3. TECHNOLOGY It provides the resources with which people work and
affects the tasks they perform. The great benefit of technology is that it allows works
to perform much better work. The impact of technology includes the use of
automated control systems in assembly lines, the impressive advance in computer hardware and software capabilities.
These technological advancements increase pressure on organizational behavior to maintain the balance between technical and social systems.
Concepts of Organizational Behavior
Factors Affecting Organizational Behavior
4. ENVIRONMENT All organizations operate within an internal and an
external environment. There are various changes in the environment
because of new demands on organizations. People expect new products and services and
competition for customers come from other countries.
Concepts of Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior & Individual
Individual & Group Goals Individual structure the organization to attain not
only the organizational goals but also their potential goals.
Work Group Exist at all levels of organization and are reffered
to but such labels as management teams, committees, task forces, and productive units.
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
Management’sPhilosophy ● Values ● Vision ● Mission ● Goals
Management’sPhilosophy ● Values ● Vision ● Mission ● Goals
Organizational CultureOrganizational CultureFormal Organization
Formal Organization
Informal Organizatio
n
Informal Organizatio
n
Social Environment
Social Environment
Leadership ● Communication ● Group Dynamics
Leadership ● Communication ● Group Dynamics
Quality of Work Life (QWL)Quality of Work Life (QWL)
MotivationMotivation
Outcomes:· Performance· Employee satisfaction· Personal growth and development
Outcomes:· Performance· Employee satisfaction· Personal growth and development
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
Philosophy of Organizational Behavior
The philosophy (model) of organizational behavior held by management consists and integrated set of assumptions and beliefs about the way things are, the purpose for these activities, and the way they should be.
These philosophies are sometimes explicit, and occasionally implicit, in the minds of manager.
Five major organizational behavior philosophies includes autocratic, custodial, supportive, collegial and system.
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
Selected Element of a Philosophy Statement
We are committed to quality, cost-effectiveness, and technical excellence.
People should treat each other with consideration, trust, and respect.
Each person is valuable, is unique, and makes a contribution.
All employees should be unfailingly committed to excellent performance.
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
• Teamwork can, and should, produce far more that the sum of individual efforts. Team members must be reliable and committed to the team.
• Innovation is essential.
• Open communications are important for attaining success.
• Decision should be reached participatively.
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
Selected Element of a Philosophy Statement
Two sources of Philosophy of Organizational Behavior
Fact premise are acquired through direct and indirect lifelong learning and are very useful in guiding our behavior.
Value premise represent our views of the desirability of certain goals and activities. Value premises are variable beliefs we hold and are therefore under our control.
Fact premise
Value premise
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
V A L U E S
The rules by which we make decisions about right and wrong, should and shouldn't, good and bad.
They also tell us which are more or less important, which is useful when we have to trade off meeting one value over another.
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
Examples of Values Statements
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
Values Statement
We believe in demonstrated competence, institutional integrity, personal commitment and deep sense of nationalism.(TESDA)
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
Examples of Values StatementsOUR VALUES INTEGRITY: We are morally upright, honest and sincere in
our private and public lives. PROFESSIONALISM: We consistently implement the law,
provide timely and accurate information to investors, and render efficient and competent service to the public.
ACCOUNTABILITY: We abide by prescribed ethical and work standards in government service.
INDEPENDENCE: We act without fear or favor, and render sound judgment in the performance of our duties and responsibilities.
INITIATIVE: We are strategic and forward-looking in the fulfillment of our developmental and regulatory functions.
( Securities and Exchange Commission )
http://www.csc.gov.ph/cscweb/value.html
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
Examples of Values Statements
VALUES STATEMENTThe Commission, bound by its advocacy of genuine and ideal
public service, remains committed in the propagation of the highest standards of integrity and organizational efficiency.
As public servants whose cause is to serve the people …We recognize the value of gender-responsiveness on sustaining
human development.We encourage the genesis of new ideas that lead to policies
and growth-enhancing work environments.We espouse the philosophy of genuine selfless public service
as the true mark of performance and excellence.WE OFFER OURSELVES TO THE CAUSE OF SERVING THE
PEOPLE, THEY DESERVE NO LESS. ( Civil Service Commission )
V I S I O N It represents a challenging portrait of the
organization and its members can be – a possible, and desirable future.
Leaders need to create exciting projections about the organization should go and what major changes lie ahead.
Once the vision is established, persistent and enthusiastic communication is required to sell it throughout the ranks of employees so they will embrace it with commitment.
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
The Tarlac State University (TSU) shall be a comprehensive institution of excellence in higher education for total human development.(TSU)
ABS-CBN is the total information and entertainment company; a leading player and center of creativity in Asia, and a major player in the global market. (ABS-CBN)
To be the Premier Countryside Financial Institution. (Green Bank, Inc.)
TESDA is the leading partner in the development of the Filipino workforce with world-class competence and positive work values. (TESDA)
Examples of Vision Statements
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
M I S S I O N Identifies the business it is in, the market niches it
tries to serve, the types of customer it is likely to have, and the reasons for its existence.
It even includes a brief listing of the competitive advantages, or strengths, that the firm believes it has.
It is more descriptive and less future-oriented than vision.
Need to be converted to goal to become operational and useful.
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
TESDA provides direction, policies, programs and standards towards quality technical education and skill development.
Examples of Mission Statements
Mission of TESDA
The Tarlac State University (TSU) is committed to develop, promote, and sustain quality and relevant programs in higher education for people empowerment, professional development, and global competitiveness.
Mission of TSU
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
To fulfill our pivotal role in shaping the Filipino people's consciousness through information and entertainment programs that adhere to world class standards.
To diversify and expand into new business ventures which include animation, post-production, theater operations, theme parks, international movie joint ventures, audio production, licensing and merchandising, and other information and entertainment-related
Mission ABS-CBN
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
Examples of Mission Statements
To provide fast customer-driven products and services that exceeds client expectation efficiently and effectively;
To care for the highly motivated staff by constantly seeking better competencies for them through strategic alliances and through a competitive compensation and benefits package.
Mission of Green Bank, Inc.
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
Examples of Mission Statements
G O A L S
Goals are relatively concrete formulations of achievements the organization is aiming for within set periods of time, such as one to five years.
Goal setting is a complex process, for top management’s goals need to be merged with those of employees, who bring their psychological, social, and economic needs with them to an organization.
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
To establish good business relationships with our clients by the end of 2010.
To keep client complaints down to no more than 5 complaints per month.
To build a professional and effective team that will support & deliver Service Level Agreements with clients.
To ensure a 95% uptime service quality level is maintained for the computing environment for the entire year of 2006, while staying within budget.
Elements of an Organizational Behavior System
Examples of Goals
Five (5) Models of Organizational Behavior System
Models of Organizational Behavior
Autocratic Model
Custodial Model
Supportive Model
Collegial Model
Systems Model
The basis of this model is power with a managerial orientation of authority.
Those who are in command must have the power to demand “you do this – or else”
AUTOCRATIC MODEL
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadob.html
Models of Organizational Behavior
The employees in turn are oriented towards obedience and dependence on the boss.
The employee need that is met is subsistence.
The performance result is minimal.
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadob.html
Models of Organizational Behavior
Autocratic Model
Models of Organizational Behavior
Autocratic ModelIts principal weakness is its high human cost especially as caused by micromanagement.
Micromanagement – a natural pattern of autocratic managers – is the immersion of a manager into controlling the details of daily operations.
Employees typically detest a micromanager, with the result being low morale, paralyzed decision making due to fear of being second-guessed and high turn-over.
Models of Organizational Behavior
Autocratic Model
Useful:
Acceptable approach to guide managerial behavior when there were no well-known alternatives.
Useful under some extreme conditions such as organizational crises.
The employees in turn are oriented towards security and benefits and dependence on the organization.
The basis of this model is economic resources with a managerial orientation of money.
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadob.html
Models of Organizational Behavior
CUSTODIAL MODEL
The employee need that is met is security.
Employee feel with reasonable contentment.
Most employees are not producing anywhere near their capacities.
The performance result is passive cooperation.
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadob.html
Models of Organizational Behavior
Custodial Model
The employees in turn are oriented towards job performance and participation.
The basis of this model is leadership with a managerial orientation of support.
Models of Organizational Behavior
SUPPORTIVE MODEL
Psychological result is a feeling of participation and task involvement in the organization.
Employees may say “we” instead of “they”
Employees are strongly motivated because their status and recognition needs are better met, thus they have awakened drive for work.
Models of Organizational Behavior
Supportive Model
The basis of this model is partnership with a managerial orientation of teamwork.
The result is that the employees feel needed and useful.
“There is at least one important thing that cannot be done unless you do it”
Models of Organizational Behavior
COLLEGIAL MODEL
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadob.html
The employees in turn are oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline.
The employee need that is met is self-actualization.
Models of Organizational Behavior
Collegial Model
Employees normally feel some degree of fulfillment, worthwhile contribution, and self-actualization.
This self-actualization will lead to moderate enthusiasm in performance.
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadob.html
Models of Organizational Behavior
Collegial Model
Models of Organizational Behavior
SYSTEM MODEL Employees want a work context that is
ethical, infused with integrity and trust and provide an opportunity to experience a growing sense of community among co-workers.
There is spirituality at work - the desire for employees to know their deepest selves better, to grow personally, to make a meaningful contribution to society, and to demonstrate integrity in every action taken.
Models of Organizational Behavior
System Model Managers must increasingly demonstrate a
sense of caring and compassion, being sensitive to the needs of the diverse workforce.
This model reflects the values underlying positive organizational behavior, where managers focus their attention on helping employees develop feelings of hope, optimism, self-confidence, empathy, trustworthiness, esteem, courage, and resiliency.
Models of Organizational Behavior
System Model
Managers at all levels needs to display two key ingredients:
1. Authenticity – the demonstrated ability to open themselves up to others by being transparent, while “walking the talk” of the underlying values.
2. Social intelligence.
Five Dimensions of Social Intelligence1. EMPATHY – appreciation for and connectedness with
others.2. PRESENCE – projecting self-worth in one’s bearing. 3. SITUATIONAL RADAR – ability to read social
situations and respond appropriately.4. CLARITY – using language effectively to explain and
persuade. 5. AUTHENTICITY - being “real” and transparent, while
projecting honesty.
Models of Organizational Behavior
System Model
Karl Hans Albrecht Karl Hans Albrecht is a German entrepreneur who founded the discount supermarket chain Aldi with his brother Theo. As of October 2012, Albrecht is listed as one of the richest people in the world with an estimated net worth of US$22.6 billion.
Managers try to convey to each workers;
“You are an important part of our whole system. We sincerely care about each of you. We want to join together to achieve a better product or service, local community, and society at large. We will make every effort to make products that are environmentally friendly”.
Models of Organizational Behavior
System Model
Support employee commitment to short- and long-term goals.
Coach individuals and groups in appropriate skills and behaviors.
Model and foster self-esteem. Show genuine concern and empathy for
people. Offer timely and acceptable feedback.
Facilitators Roles for Managers in the System Model of Organizational Behavior
Models of Organizational Behavior
System Model
Influence people to learn continuously and share that learning with others.
Help individuals identify and confront issues in ethical ways.
Stimulate insights through interviews, questions, and suggestions.
Encourage people to feel comfortable with change and uncertainty.
Build cohesive, productive work teams
Models of Organizational Behavior
System Model
Facilitators Roles for Managers in the System Model of Organizational Behavior
Employees embrace the goal of organizational effectiveness and recognize the mutuality of company-employee obligation.
It creates a sense of psychological ownership for the organization and its product services.
Models of Organizational Behavior
System Model
The highest-order needs (e.g. social, status, esteem, autonomy, and self-actualization) are met.
Engender employees’ passion and commitment to organizational goals.
Employees go beyond the self-discipline and reach a state of self-motivation.
Models of Organizational Behavior
System Model
Autocratic Custodial Supportive Collegial System
Basis of model Power Economic resources Leadership Partnership
Trust, community, meaning
Managerial orientation Authority Money Support Teamwork Caring,
compassion
Employee orientation Obedience Security and
benefitsJob performance
Responsible behavior
Psychological ownership
Employee psychological result
Dependence on boss
Dependence on organization Participation Self-discipline Self-motivation
Employee needs met Subsistence Security Status and
recognitionSelf-actualization Wide range
Performance result Minimum Passive
cooperationAwakened drives
Moderate enthusiasm
Passion and commitment to organizational goals
Models of Organizational Behavior
Five (5) Models of Organizational Behavior System
Evolving Usage
Relation of Models to Human Needs
Increasing Use of Some Models
Contingent Use of All Models
Managerial Flexibility
Conclusion about the Models
Models of Organizational Behavior
Models of Organizational Behavior
Conclusion about the ModelsEvolving Usage
Manager/Organization use the models tends to evolve over time.
There is no one permanently “best’ model.
Primary challenge to management is to identify the model it is actually using and then assess its current effectiveness.
Models of Organizational Behavior
Conclusion about the Models
Relation of Models to Human Needs
The five models are closely related to human needs.
Each model is build upon the accomplishments of the other.
Models of Organizational Behavior
Conclusion about the Models
Increasing Use of Some Models
The trend toward the supportive, collegial and system models will probably continue.
Only these newer models can offer the satisfaction of the employees needs for esteem, autonomy and self-actualization.
Models of Organizational Behavior
Conclusion about the Models
Contingent Use of All Models
Though one model may be most used at any given time, some appropriate uses will remain for other models.
The five models will continue to be used, but the more advanced models will have growing use as progress is made and employee expectations rise.
Models of Organizational Behavior
Conclusion about the Models
Managerial Flexibility
Managers need to identify their current behavioral model and must keep it flexible and current.
Managers need to read, to reflect, to interact with others, and to be receptive to challenges to their thinking from their colleagues and employees.
ORGANIZATION CLIMATE “Organizational culture is with the nature of belief and expectations about organizational life, while climate is an indicator of whether those beliefs and expectations are being fulfilled.”
Employees in the organization keep studying the management philosophy and various actions they take to deal with organizational factors that are of a routine nature.
These include the following:
ORGANIZATION CLIMATE
ORGANIZATION CLIMATEA. Selection Process of the employees.B. Leadership style and approach to solve problems of the
employees.C. Wage administration.D. Attitude to implement change and incorporate latest
technology.E. Job description.F. Organizational structure and frequency to modify the
same based on need.G. Performance evaluation.H. Promotion policy and its implementation.I. Efforts involved in promoting creativity and
innovations.J. Availability of resources for research and development.K. Organizational values and promotion of culture.
ORGANIZATION CLIMATE
ORGANIZATION CLIMATE
(a) Overt factors can be measured and fair
assessment can therefore be made about the intentions of the management and efforts they are putting in to build an appropriate organizational climate.
• Hierarchy• Goals of the organization• Financial resources• Skills and abilities of employees•Technological state of the organization• Performance standards adopted• Efficiency measurement
ORGANIZATION CLIMATE
(b) Covert factors can not be quantified being of
subjective nature
• Values• Attitude• Norms• Feelings• Interaction• Supportiveness• Satisfaction
organizational climate is classified into two factors as under:
Characteristics of Health Organization
1) Objectives are widely shared by the members and there is a strong consistent flow of energy toward those objectives.
2) People feel free to signal their awareness of difficulties because they expect the problems to be dealt with and they are optimistic that these problems can be solved.
3) Problem-solving is highly pragmatic. In attacking problems, people work informally and are not preoccupied with status, territory, or second guessing “what higher management will think.” A great deal of non-conforming behavior is tolerated.
4) The judgment of people lower down in the organization is respected.
Characteristics Healthy Organizations
Characteristics Healthy Organizations
Characteristics of Health Organization
5) Collaboration is freely entered into. People readily request the help of others and are willing to give in turn. Ways of helping one another are highly developed. Individuals and groups compete with one another, but they do so fairly and in the direction of a shared goal.
6) When there is a crisis, the people quickly band together in work until crisis departs.
7) Conflicts are considered important to decision-making and personal growth. They are dealt with effectively, in the open. People say what they want and expect others to do the same.
Characteristics Healthy Organizations
Characteristics of Health Organization
8) There is a great deal of on-the-job learning based on a willingness to give, seek, and use feedback and advice. People see themselves and other as capable of significant personal growth and development.
9) Joint critique of progress is routine.
10) Relationships are honest. People do care about one another and do not feel alone.
11) People are “turned on” and highly involved by choice. They are optimistic. The work place is important and fun (why not?).
12) Leadership is flexible, shifting in style and person to suit the situation.
Characteristics Healthy Organizations
Characteristics of Health Organization
13) There is a high degree of trust among people and a sense of freedom and mutual responsibility. People generally know what is important to the organization and what isn’t.
14) Risk is accepted as a condition of growth and change.
15) “What can we learn from each mistake?”
16) Poor performance is confronted, and a joint resolution sought.
Characteristics Healthy Organizations
Characteristics of Health Organization
17) Organizational structure, procedures, and policies are fashioned to helped people get the job done and to protect the long-term health of the organization, not to give each bureaucrat his due. These procedures are also readily changed.
18) There is a sense of order, and yet a high rate of innovation. Old methods are questioned and often give way to new ones.
Characteristics Unhealthy Organizations
Characteristics of Unhealthy Organization
1) Little personnel investment in organizational objectives, except to top levels.
2) People in the organization see things going wrong and do nothing about it. Nobody volunteers. Mistakes and problems are habitually hidden or shelved. People treat each other in a formal and polite manner that masks issues—especially with the boss. Non-conformity is frowned upon. People talk about office troubles at home or in the halls, not with those involved.
3) People at the top try to control as many decisions as possible. They become bottlenecks, and make decisions with inadequate information and advice. People complain about manager’s irrational decisions.
Characteristics Unhealthy Organizations
Characteristics of Unhealthy Organization
4) Managers feel alone in trying to get things done. Somehow, orders, policies and procedures do not get carried out, as intended.
5) The judgment of people lower down in the organization is not respected outside the marrow limits of their jobs.
6) Personal needs and feelings are side issues.
7) People compete when they need to collaborate. They are jealous of their area of responsibility. Seeking or accepting help is unthought of they destruct each other’s motives and speak poorly of one another, the manager tolerates this.
8) When there is a crisis, people withdraw or start blaming one another.
Characteristics Unhealthy Organizations
Characteristics of Unhealthy Organization
9) Conflict is mostly covert and managed by office politics and other games, or there are interminable and irreconcilable arguments
10) Learning is difficult. People don’t approach their peers to learn from them, but have to learn from their own mistakes; they reflect the experience of others. They get little feedback on performance, and much of that is not helpful.
11) Feedback is avoided.
12) Relationships are contaminated by marksmanship and image-building. People feel alone and lack concerns for one another. There is an undercurrent of fear.
Characteristics Unhealthy Organizations
Characteristics of Unhealthy Organization
13) Conflict is mostly covert and managed by office politics and other games, or there are interminable and irreconcilable arguments
14) Learning is difficult. People don’t approach their peers to learn from them, but have to learn from their own mistakes; they reflect the experience of others. They get little feedback on performance, and much of that is not helpful.
15) Feedback is avoided.
16) Relationships are contaminated by marksmanship and image-building. People feel alone and lack concerns for one another. There is an undercurrent of fear.