Organization and Business Environment

8/18/2019 Organization and Business Environment

1/19

Assignment front SheetQualification Unit number and title

Business01. Business Environment

Student name Assessor name

Muhammad Waleed Ahmad Abroo Asad

Date issued Completion date Submitted on

15th October 215 15th December 215 15th December 215

Assignment !itle Organization and Business Environment

"earning

Outcom

e

"earning

Outcome

Assessment

Criteria

#n this assessment $ou %ill

ha&e the opportunit$ to

present e&idence that sho%s$ou are able to'

!as(

)o*

+&idence

,-age

no*.

LO1 Understandthe differentapproaches toqualitmanagementappropriate tocommercialoperations

1.1 identif the purposes of differenttpes of organization

1!a" #

1.$ describe the e%tent to &hich anorganization meets the ob'ectivesof different sta(eholders

1!b" )

1.# e%plain the responsibilities of anorganization and strategiesemploed to meet them

1!c" )*+

LO$ Understand

the benefits of qualitmanagement

in abusiness and

servicesconte%t

$.1 e%plain ho& economic sstems

attempt to allocate resourceseffectivel

1!d" +

$.$ assess the impact of fiscal andmonetar polic on businessorganizations and their activities

1!e" ,

$.# Evaluate the impact of competitionpolic and other regulatormechanisms on the activities of aselected organization.

$!a" -*

LO# Understand arange ofqualitcontrols andho& service tothe customercan beimproved

#.1 e%plain ho& mar(et structuresdetermine the pricing and outputdecisions of businesses

#!a" /*10

#.$ illustrate the &a in &hich mar(etforces shape organizational

responses using a range of e%amples

#!b" 11

#.# 'udge ho& the business and

cultural environments shape thebehavior of a selected organization

#!c" 1$

Student Name:Assessor Name:

Waleed Ahmad Business

Environment

Abroo asad

1


2/19

LO)Be able to

appl theprinciples of

qualitmanagement

to improvethe

performanceof an

organization

).1 discuss the significance of international trade to U business

organizations

)!a" 1#*1)

).$ analze the impact of globalfactors on U business

organizations

)!b" 1)*1+

).# evaluate the impact of policies of the European Union on U

business organizations

)!c" 1,

"earner declaration

certif that the &or( submitted for this assignment is m o&n and research sources are full

ac(no&ledged.

2tudent signature3 4ate3



Environment

Abroo asad

2


3/19

TASK 1 – SCENARIO 1

Based on the above scenario prepare a written report that addresses

the followin tas!s"

E#plain wh$ so%e co%panies are set &p in p&blic sector' Also disc&ss

the i%pacts of these in an econo%$'

Public sector is that part of the economy which is required to provide basic

government services, which includes such services as, military, public transport,

police, primary education, health care for the poor etc.

In the public sector, the government owns the organizations and the businesses. The

main aim of these organizations is to provide basic services for the members of the

general public.

There are numerous reasons that why some companies are set up in a public sector,

shares can be advertised and sold through the stock exchange, its easier for companies

to borrow from the banks they have government back up, the shareholders havelimited liability, there is cheaper borrowing and bulk purchasing, there is less

competition, more chances of diversity in growth, all the profits and losses are equally

shared.

P! "Pakistan tate !il# is a public limited company, it can raise its capital by

advertising its share that means more people will see it and might invest in it. The

shares can be sold through the stock exchange$ it is open to general public not only

the people who get invited can buy its share. It%s also easier for P! to borrow from

The banks, the banks know that they will get their money back with interest as they

have government back up, in the same case it%s difficult for companies which are setup in a private sector to raise its capital such as the companies in the public sector.

The shareholders have limited liability, which means that they are only liable for the

money they have invested in.

The public sector contributes in various ways to the economy. It helps in economic

development through creation and expansion of infrastructure. &any 'ob opportunities

are created through the merging pro'ects of the government for example building of

an airports, roads etc. it also ensures equality of income, wealth and a balanced

regional development of small, medium and cottage industries, this increases the ()P

and helps in improving the economy. It also ensures easy availability of goods at



Environment

Abroo asad

3


4/19

moderate rates$ this helps the general public to maintain their living standards and

ensures equality amongst the general public.



Environment

Abroo asad

4


5/19

Identif$ the different sta!eholders in this airport pro(ect' E#plain

the disadvantaes to an$ two sta!eholders of this pro(ect'

)*eople or ro&ps of people who can be affected b$+ and therefore have an

interest in an$ action b$ an orani,ation" The sta!eholder theor$ or sta!eholder

concept is that there are %an$ other parties involved and interested in b&siness

activit$ and that the interests f these ro&ps – local co%%&nities+ the p&blic+

overn%ent and press&re ro&ps+ s&ch as environ%ental lobb$ists – sho&ld be

considered b$ b&siness decision %a!ers" It is the view that b&siness and their

%anaers have responsibilities to a wide rane of ro&ps+ not (&st shareholders"-

"timpson and *arquharson, +-#

The main stakeholders of the business can be the customers, suppliers, employees,

local communities, the government and its agencies. The business activities and its

decisions can have an affect on stakeholders. The stakeholders can have a positive andnegative affect by the same business decision.

The stakeholders of the airport pro'ect are the local private company "investors#,

workers, government, + people living in the rural area, industries, lush green

forest which is a national heritage site.

This airport pro'ect would affect the rural community and all the + people living

in it. This pro'ect will make these people homeless and they will loose their source of

income and 'obs. nemployment of industry workers will affect them heavily, as

they%ll suffer huge loss and at some point they have to be shut down. /nother

disadvantage of this airport pro'ect is that the lush green garden, which is a natural

heritage site would be destroyed which would affect the image of the nation, as its

traditional and cultural values regarding the heritage site would be depleted with it.

In $o&r opinion does this pro(ect contrib&te positivel$ to econo%$

and how can it ens&re desirable allocation of reso&rces'

In my opinion this airport pro'ect will contribute positively to the economy though it

will cause the previous industry to shutdown but relatively it will create high

employment, there will be better infrastructure, transportation and economic and

social development in the area. The airport will be used as an asset to transport

infrastructure, employment be created and it will be used as a commercial activity

0entre.

The government wants the private sector to invest in the economy by facilitating the

local company in the construction of the airport. The government is doing this in

order to ensure stability in both the public and private sectors" / mixed economy is



Environment

Abroo asad

5


6/19

whereby an economy comprises of both the private firms running in the business

sector and in the public sector. They have the same limited resources provided by the

government, and the private sector would deliver products to an economy, and attempt

to accomplish benefit amplification by offering at the least expensive costs and most

minimal expenses$ they create a ton of demerit goods. 1hile the public sector willdeliver products that they believe are required by the government and that the average

citizens would advantage by devouring them, they create the merit goods. 2esource

allocation is the most effective allotting limited resources and products to their right

territories and firms, so they can be sold productively. 3oth the private and public

sectors affect resource allocation.

Anal$,e whether reso&rces are allocated %ore efficientl$ in private or

p&blic sector'

)*rivate sector is co%prises b&siness owned and controlled b$ individ&als or

ro&ps of individ&als+ whereas+ p&blic sector co%prises orani,ations

acco&ntable to and controlled b$ central or local overn%ent .the state/-

"timpson and *arquharson, +-#

/llocation of resources is the analyzing and assigning scarce resources amongst the

producers and other various uses$ this includes the opportunity cost, economic cost,

accounting cost and other costs of resources and services to attain maximum profit

and utilization.

The main parts of an economy are, human, scarce resources "natural# and capital. /n

economic system ensures that all the needs and wants of a society are met. The

production of goods and services are determined by the limited supply of resources.

The government has to decide how to allocate the resources in public and private

sectors in order to meet the needs and to achieve maximum profit.

/s demonstrated by budgetary masters, resources are successfully allocated by

extraordinary market that is in private sector. 2esource allocation happens when an

industry gives the best measure of purchaser satisfaction and endures high profits in

the resources provided by the government. In like manner, in impeccable contention,

firms can enter the business part and drive expenses down and creation up to the pointwhere resource allocation is refined.

The government intervenes in various disguises in order to maintain a balance in

allocation of resources in public and private sectors. In most of the mixed economies,

the public sector is the larger part of an economy. The government provides services

from the taxes obtained from the general public.

/lthough in general resources are more efficiently allocated in a private sector but

without government intervention there are chances of fraud and mismanagement.



Environment

Abroo asad

6


7/19

4fficient allocation of resources cannot take place in public sectors, as there is no

perception of rivalry present there, and profitable motif. Public sectors work more for

the welfare of the general populace, and concentrate more on the social benefits than

private sectors.

0ifferentiate between fiscal and %onetar$ polic$+ also assess if itsfeasible to i%ple%ent fiscal polic$ to sti%&late econo%ic rowth'

The pioneer of fiscal policy is the renowned 3ritish economist 5ohn &aynard 6eynes.

*iscal policy is the method a government uses to influence a nations economy. There

are two basic types of fiscal policy, the most widely used in the expansionary. The

government ad'usts its expenditure level and taxes rates in order to maintain the

economy. The fiscal policy aims to improve unemployment rates, inflation$ interest

rates and stabilize the business cycle. The second type of fiscal policy is the

contractionary. It is rarely used and is the total opposite of the expansionary fiscal

policy. Its main ob'ective is to slow down the economic growth to decrease inflation.The taxes are increased, government cuts it%s spending in order to battle inflation and

to maintain the economy.

&onetary policy is the method through which banks determine the size and growth of

money supply, which then affects the interest rates. It is maintained by ad'usting the

interest rates, changing the amount of money the state bank are required to keep in the

vault and by buying or selling bonds to the government. 7ike fiscal policy, monetary

policy also has two types, expansionary and contractionary. In the expansionary

money policy the money supply is increased in order to decrease unemployment rate

and increase consumer spending to increase the economic growth. It is also referred to

as 8easy monetary policy9. 1hereas contractionary monetary policy is used to slowdown economic growth by decreasing the money supply in order to tackle inflation.

This causes the unemployment to increase and decreases the consumer buying and the

businesses investing money.

It is feasible to implement fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth. Take an

example of an economy that is facing recession, unemployment rate is high and the

consumer and business spending is low. The government will lower tax rates in order

to increase the economic growth. If fewer taxes are being paid, there will be more

money for the people and businesses to spend or invest in services etc., thus

improving the economy and gives the opportunity to government uses to increasing its

expenditure like building more highways, hospitals, airports, public transport etc. This

will create 'obs and decrease the unemployment rate. This is also known as 8pump priming9, when the government decrease the taxes and increase it%s expenditure to

tackle recession and pumps money into the economy by increasing the consumer and

business spending. Though the government has to be careful while monitoring the

money flow, as too much money in the market can cause inflation, decreasing the

value of money and increasing the demand of consumer products and services.



Environment

Abroo asad

7


8/19



Environment

Abroo asad

8


9/19


3rite a brief note on the i%pact of co%petition polic$ and re&lator$

%echanis%s on co%panies li!e TESCO"

The main ob'ective of the competition policy is to promote competition$ make

markets more efficient and enhanced competitiveness of 6 businesses within the

4uropean union. It also aims to ensure the technological innovations, which then

promotes the dynamic efficiency in the markets. It also effects the price competition

between the suppliers. 0ompetition policy also safeguards and promotes the interests

of consumers through the increased choice in products and low price levels.

There are four main pillars of competition policy in the 6 and in the

4uropean union:

i. Antitr&st and cartels

ii. 4ar!et liberali,ation

iii. State aid control

iv. 4erer control

The antitrust and cartels involves the elimination of agreements that restrict

competition which includes price;fixing and other abuses by the organizations who

hold a dominant market position.

&arket liberalization involves the introduction of competition in the previousmonopolistic sectors of the market such as energy, supply, retail banking, postal

services and mobile telecommunications etc.

tate aid control analyses the competition policy to aid measures such as airline

subsidies to ensure that such measures do not distort the level of competition in the

single market.

&erger control involves the investigation of mergers and takes overs between firms

for i.e. a merger between two large groups, which would result in their dominating the

market.

2egulators enforces rules that they are appointed by the government to oversee how a

market works and the outcomes that result for producers and consumers. The main

competition regulator in the 6 is the 0ompetition and &arkets /uthority. "0&/#

The 4 competition commission is also a vital part for the 6.

2egulators work in such a way, they make laws to reduce monopoly power. They

prevent mergers that create monopolies. 2egulators introduce laws that develop

competition in the postal services industry. They also force the sales of assets. /nother

example of competition policy in action is that privatization takes place, transfer of



Environment

Abroo asad


10/19

ownership. They also introduce tough laws on the competitive behavior. trong laws

and punishments against the proven cases of price fixing are ensured. The

0ompanies that breach the 4 and 6 competition rules risk heavy fines of up to

-< of global turnover and the senior management can also be taken into custody.

They also make reductions in the import tariffs$ it encourages cheaper products from

other nations. It also increases and eliminates import quotas so that they can get thesame effect. They allow new nations into the 4 single economy, which increases

competition.

Tesco will be affected, as it is one of the top super markets in the 6. 7iberalization

involves the introduction of a new competition and it will reduce the restrictions for

the newly setup businesses. This will not be a ma'or problem for Tesco as they are

well established and operate in higher levels of the industry, which is considered a

powerful barrier. The ma'or competitors of Tesco are ainsbury%s, /sda and

&orrison%s. Tesco almost holds =>< of the market share.



Environment

Abroo asad

1!


11/19


Based on the above case st&d$ write an essa$ no loner than 1666

words which addresses the followin tas!s

E#plain how %ar!et str&ct&re deter%ines the pricin and o&tp&t

decisions of b&sinesses'

&arket structure is the total number of buyer and sellers in the market. There are

many different types of market structures$ perfect competition, monopoly and

oligopoly.

Perfect competition is a market structure where there is a same product and have

different sellers and its price is determined by the demand of the product. The output

decision is determined by the demand of the product. It has a large number of buyer

and sellers. The firms in the perfect competition try to offer low prices to its

customers to increase its market share. The buyer usually set the prices of the

products. *irms are free to enter or leave the market at anytime.

.Ib7econ"wi!ispaces"co%+ 2618/



Environment

Abroo asad

11


12/19

&onopoly is the market structure where there is a sole provider and its prices are

determined by the firm itself and the output decision also lies within the firm. The

customers will have to buy the product on whatever the firm decides to charge the

products price as they wont have an option of buying it from else where at a lower price. The firm will also be bound to complete the demand of the consumers strictly.

?ormally multinational firms have a monopoly in market structures.

!ligopoly is the type of market structure where there are a large number of sellers of

the same product. The sellers determine the price of the product$ they may charge

same prices for their products. It depends on the customers from whom to buy from

and it also depends on the sellers that how they advertise their product and attract

customers.

.Econo%icshelp"or+ 2618/



Environment

Abroo asad

12


13/19

4ar!et forces shape orani,ational responses" If the new chane oes

thro&h what new %ar!et se%ents will open &p to theseentreprene&rial orani,ations and what are different approaches can

be adopted to taret the%'

The forces, which determine the price in an economy, are market forces. They can be$

demand, supply, employees, competitors, customers and the suppliers.

The demand will increase or decrease, accordingly the organizations are going to

respond to it. If the demand of the product increases, the organization will create more

employment in order to meet the demand of the product. They will be able to do so

because the cash inflow will increase giving the organization an opportunity to growand hire more workers. If the demand decreases, the level of cash flow will be low

and the organizations will be forced to cut 'obs.

pecific competitive issues characterize each industry. !ther organizations in the

same industry or type of business that provides goods or services to the same set of

customers are referred to as competitors. In a similar way /udi has many competitors

in the 0hinese automotive market for i.e. &ercedes 3enz. /udi will wage competitive

war against its competitors in order to maintain its repute and to give a challenge for

other competitors to sell their products. ")aft, +@#

!ne of the factors that can determine a change in the /udi is its employee. If the

government has set wages, then the /udi must accept them and pay their employees

rightfully if they fail to do so the employees might leave their 'obs and 'oin another

organization. /part from this every organization needs trained and qualified

personnel. /udi should establish training programs for their employees so that they

can catch up the growing the need for computer;literate knowledge, and to meet the

competitive demands of the borderless world.

The main aim of the organizations is to satisfy their customer by their products and

services. If any organization is lacking advancements in their products or don%t adept

to customer demands and new fashion trending, it will lose its customer because itwasn%t able to meet their demands. *or example if an organization produces mobile

phones. /fter a specific time new technology is introduced in the mobile phones, if

the organization fails to input such things in their products, they%ll lose customers and

their market share will decrease. /udi has to act in a manner in order to maintain its

customer by adapting to the new technological and market changes.

/udi depend upon its supplier, without the supplier the organization can%t produce

goods, they won%t have the supplies in order to make their product. If the suppliers

charge high prices for the raw materials, ultimately the cost of production will

increase of the product. If the product is price elastic and /udi changes its price, there



Environment

Abroo asad

13


14/19

will be a big demand of the product. /udi can either compromise with the suppliers or

find a new one and if the product%s price is inelastic then it have no effects on the

demand of the product and the organization can freely change the price of the product.

/udi should also ensure that its supplier provides them with high quality supplies and

they maintain a good relation between them.

9ow b&siness and c&lt&ral environ%ent effected A&di'

The general environment affects organizations indirectly. It includes social, economic,

legalApolitical, international, natural and technological factors that influence all

organizations about equally. 0hanges in federal regulations or an economic recession

are part of the organizations general environment. These events do not directly change

day;to;day operations, but they do affect all organizations eventually. ")aft, +-+#

The business and cultural environment affected /udi in a way that their offices were

raided by the antitrust officials and forcefully checked their data. It didn%t disrupt their

reputation amongst the automotive market as the offices of other automotive giants

like &ercedes 3enz was also raided. They were also asked to follow a fixed price

policy as the customers complained they charged high prices. /s /udi has cut its

spare part prices, investigators also checked if they have a good relation with their

suppliers.



Environment

Abroo asad

14


15/19

TASK : SCENARIO – :

9ow is international trade sinificant to ;K b&siness orani,ations'

)International trade is the lifeblood of virt&all$ all %odern developed and

developin econo%ies" As s&ch+ it involves the b&$in and sellin of ood and

services across national frontiers" At a personal level this is clearl$ seen thro&h

the %an$ i%ported ite%s that can be fo&nd in the s&per%ar!ets and other retail

stores s&ch as coco7cola+ &ired to prod&ce wine as

co%pared to @6 ho&rs to prod&ce cloth"

I%pact of international trade to ;K b&sinesses can be ill&strated b$ &sin the

case st&dies of 4artin ish%an and A>&aco" 4artin ish%an – ;K based

%an&fact&rer and distrib&tor of specialist e>&ip%ent for the aric&lt&ral+



Environment

Abroo asad

15


16/19

environ%ental and b&ildin ind&stries enerates s&bstantial parts of its reven&es

fro% international sales e#portin its prod&cts to %ore than 26 co&ntries

loball$"

Si%ilarl$+ A>&aco – re$ water rec$clin and rainwater harvestin co%pan$

based in Kent+ ;K sales its prod&cts and services to 1: co&ntries andinternational sales a%o&nts to abo&t 58 of its total reven&es" These case st&dies

clearl$ ill&strate the benefits of international trade to local b&sinesses in the

;K"- Bunt and 7autzenheizer "+--#

Anal$,e the i%pact of lobal factors on ;K b&siness orani,ations"

In modern times there are no economies that are not a part of global economy,

changes in the global economy would affect all the parts of any nation%s economy.

The products that are essential to the primary necessities have the most significantimpact upon the domestic markets. ome other factors like shortage of raw materials

would affect the production of national businesses that rely on the imports of raw

materials for the production of commodities. )ue to international trade, the demand in

the market increases and intensifies. If import is unable to fulfill the demand, the

market becomes volatile, and it may lead to the diversification of a business or it can

equally harm the business.

There are many impacts of global factors on the 6 business organizations. The

global factors can be divided into political, economical, social, technological,

ecological and legal.

Political factor can have a vast affect on the 6%s business organization. The level of

global political stability and the level of bureaucracy in international affairs can have

a prolong affect on the business. The extent of freedom of media can, global trade

control initiatives, threat of international terrorism, tariffs between the 6 and other

countries, (lobal copyright, patent and intellectual property disputes are the political

factors which influence the businesses in the 6.

In economical the following factors affect the business in 6, impacts of intensifying

economic globalization, global economic crisis, changes in the stock market, cost

advantages possessed by emerging super powers for i.e. India, / and 0hina, the

impact of the 1orld bank and the 1orld trade organization and the increasingimportance of outsourcing and offshoring initiatives.

ocially, the changes in family values on a global scale, the changes in the family

patterns for i.e. same sex marriages, increasing popularity of immigrations and

migration practices, increasing mobility between social classes and the greater

concern for the minorities in the society would affect the businesses in 6.

7evel of technological infrastructure, industry specific technological advancements,

regular emergence of innovative communication technologies and the adoption of



Environment

Abroo asad

16


17/19

competitive technology as the competitors are always increasing also affect the

businesses of the 6 technologically.

The impacts of global warming, increasing of pollution, increasing levels of the

sensitivity towards ecological problems among the stakeholders and the activities of the global environmental organizations also affects the businesses in the 6.

/nother factor that can influence the businesses of the 6 are the laws and

regulations related to data protection, global data protection rules and regulations,

increasing levels of globalization and the changes in cross country employment and

the health and safety laws. They all come under the legal factor that has an affect on

the organizations of the 6. .ones and Evans+ 2615/"

The effect of expanding level of multiculturalism in workforce is another factor

affecting the worldwide power on 6 organizations. !n one hand, multiculturalism

can advantage organizations in the 6 through offering crisp and fluctuating points of view to customary business issues. Then again, large amounts of multiculturalism in

the working environment can create errors because of diverse contrasts and this can

have negative effect on the execution of 6 organizations.

6 has great notoriety everywhere throughout the world for their progression in

innovation and worldwide variable gives the chance to 6 business associations to

lead business everywhere throughout the world.

There will be a greater opportunity for selling goods in other countries by opening up

new markets and it will give the chance of higher sales. There will be increased

competition, which will give the organizations higher incentives to become more

competitive internationally. There is also a wider choice of locations and many vast

opportunities to open up new operations in other countries and give a chance to

organizations to transform into multinational. The mergers will have greater freedom

to arrange and take over firms from other nations. "timpson and *arquharson, +-#

Eval&ate the i%pact of policies of the E&ropean ;nion on ;K

b&siness orani,ations"

The 4uropean union is the economy of the world and it means that all the members of

the 4 can have free trade with other member states. The 6 business activities have

increased dramatically when it 'oined the 4. 2educed taxes and freedom from other

fiscal measures and policies have made a huge impact on the 6 business

organizations and they can en'oy higher profits and can operate more freely without

much government intervention. /nother factor of 4 membership is that all the

organizations from all over the world are bound by the regulations and policies of

other 4uropean nations, while business belonging to the 6 and other member states

are not. They have a higher profit margin and success rate within the 4. 4 policies



Environment

Abroo asad

17


18/19

have also made changes to the general policies and many products, which were

prohibited from being traded, can now be freely traded across different 4 nations.

The 4%s policy ensures that the market competition remains free and that the

organizations work efficiently to provide the best products to the customers in

reasonable prices. This ensures that no organization can create a market situation

where it is gaining high profits at the expense of other organizations. The chances of

surviving for the new and small;scale businesses are enhanced. The policy for

violation being rather stiff, the following rule is followed to the letter and monitored

strictly by the concerned agencies. These policies can be restrictive for large

businesses. 4%s trade policies with other parts of the world are binding on all

members of the 4 and it gives certain advantages in bargaining with the member

states.

)The ;K has traditionall$ had stron trade lin!s with the E;" 0espite chanes in

the co%position of the lobal econo%$+ the E; in 261: acco&nted for ::"D of

;K e#ports of oods and services+ and 85"2 of ;K i%ports of oods and

services" 9owever+ stron econo%ic rowth in %an$ developin econo%ies

o&tside the E; has res&lted in non7E; econo%ies rowin in i%portance to ;K

trade+ with the proportion acco&nted for b$ the E; fallin consistentl$ since

1@@@+ despite the val&e of E; trade increasin"

E#ports fro% the ;K to E; and non7E; co&ntries have rown on averae b$

5"D and D"8 respectivel$ in each $ear between 1@@@ and 261:" 9owever+ the

stroner e#port rowth to non7E; co&ntries has res&lted in the proportion of ;K

e#ports destined for the E; fallin fro% 8:"? in 1@@@ to ::"D in 261:" rowth

in the val&e of ;K i%ports of oods and services fro% E; and non7E; co&ntries

is %ore co%parable+ rowin on averae b$ :"F and 8"8 respectivel$ in each

$ear since 1@@@"


19/19

rate than i%ports+ driven larel$ b$ services e#ports" This has res&lted in the ;K

r&nnin an overall trade s&rpl&s with non7E; co&ntries .val&e of e#ports

e#ceeds i%ports/ over the past three $ears+ which reached G2F"? billion in 261:-

"!ns.gov.uk, +->#

Biblioraph$

i" timpson, P. and *arquharson, /. "+-#. Cambridge international as

and A level business studies coursebook . 0ambridge: 0ambridge

niversity Press.

ii" Ib;econ.wikispaces.com, "+->#. ConlineD /vailable at: https:AAib;

econ.wikispaces.comAfileAviewAwiki+graph-.'pgA-E=FGF+A>=>x=-FAwi

ki+graph-.'pg C/ccessed -= )ec. +->D.iii" 4conomicshelp.org, "+->#. ConlineD /vailable at:

http:AAwww.economicshelp.orgAwp;contentAuploadsA+-+A--Amonopoly-.'pg C/ccessed -= )ec. +->D.

iv" )aft, 2. "+-+#. New era of management . &ason, !hio:

/ndover.3amford, 0. and (rant, . "+-#. Cambridge international AS

and A level economics. 0ambridge: 0ambridge niversity Press.v" Bunt, 4.6. H 7autzenheiser, &. "+--# 8Bistory of 4conomic Thought: /

0ritical Perspective9 &.4. harpe

vi" 5ones, P. H 4vans, 5. "+-=# 8rban 2egeneration in the 6: 3oom, 3ust and

2ecovery9 /(4 Publications

vii" !ns.gov.uk, "+->#. How important is the European Union to UK trade

and investment? !NS . ConlineD /vailable at:http:AAwww.ons.gov.ukAonsArelAinternational;transactionsAoutward;

foreign;affiliates;statisticsAhow;important;is;the;european;union;to;uk;

trade;and;investment;Asty;eu.html C/ccessed -G )ec. +->D.



Environment

Abroo asad

1

Organization and Business Environment

Documents

Transcript of Organization and Business Environment