OLED

(Organic Light Emitting Diode)

What is an OLED?

OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode

An OLED is a light emitting diode (LED) which

emissive electroluminescent layer is composed of a film of

organic compounds.

History of OLEDs• First developed in the early 1950s in France• 1960s-AC-driven electroluminescent cells using doped anthracene

was developed

• In 1987 Chin Tang and Van Slyke introduced the first light emitting

diodes from thin organic layers.

• In 1990 electroluminescence in polymers was discovered.

Architecture of OLEDs• Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.

• Anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds

electron "holes") when a current flows through the device.

• Organic layer:

o Conducting layer-This layer is ma-de

of organic plastic molecules that

transport "holes" from the anode. One

conducting polymer used in OLEDs is

polyaniline.

o Emissive layer - This layer is made of

organic plastic molecules (different ones

from the conducting layer) that transport

electrons from the cathode; this is where

light is made. One polymer used in the

emissive layer is polyfluorene.

• Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) -

The cathode injects electrons when a current flows through the device.

Types of OLEDsPassive OLEDs

• The organic layer is between

strips of cathode and anode that

run perpendicular

• The intersections form the pixels

• Easy to make

• Use more power

• Best for small screens

Active OLEDs

• Full layers of cathode and

anode

• Anode over lays a thin film

transistor (TFT)

• Requires less power

• Higher refresh rates

• Suitable for large screens

Applications of OLEDs

• Televisions• SONY• LG transparent TV

• Cell Phone screens• Wrist Watch• Computer Screens

• Laptops• Desktops

• Keyboards • Optimus Maximus Keyboard• OCZ Keyboard etc……

• Digital Camera• KODAK Easy share LS633

• Lights• Bendable Devices• Portable Device displays

• Philips Go Gear MP3 Player

Disadvantages of OLEDs

OLED seems to be the perfect technology for all types of displays, but it also has some problems:

• Lifetime - While red and green OLED films have longer lifetimes (46,000 to 230,000 hours), blue organics currently have much shorter lifetimes (up to around 14,000 hours)

• Manufacturing - Currently, manufacturing is more expensive than LCDs• Water - Water can easily damage OLEDs• OLED screens are even worse than LCD in direct sunlight• Overall luminance degradation• Limited market availability

In direct sunlight

Nokia N00 OLED Display Apple iPHONE LCD Display

Advantages of OLEDs

• Faster response time than LCDs

• Consume significantly less energy

• Can be transparent when off

• Flexible and Conformal Displays

• Thinner display-No backlight required

• Better contrast ratio

• Safer for the environment

• Wider viewing angles; up to 170 degrees

• OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs

• Low cost materials and fabrication method

• Less Expensive than LCD due to lesser components

• Can be printed onto a wide variety(flexible) of substrates

• Can be made using plastic screens; LCDs require glass backing

Fast response time means full motion graphics can be

displayed

OLED LCD

Fast Response Time

Future Uses for OLED• Will capture emerging market of wearable displays (Nokia

888) (Wearable OLEDs)

• Will capture the low-power electronics market (cell phones and

PDAs)

• Roll able Display

• Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space

• Transparent lighting doubles as a window

Samsung's 40-inch OLED TV

LG Display 19-inch OLED

Flexible OLED

JVG 3 mm OLED TV

The HP LiM concept, which stands for Less is More, features a 19"

transparent OLED touch screen with a wireless keyboard.

19“ Transparent OLED

Thank You