Organic Chemistry

Reactions and formations between organic compounds.

The reactions

• Addition • Substitution• Halogenation• Condensation• Hydrolysis• Esterfication• Hydrogenation

Substitution reactions

• Halogenation: this is a reaction with alkanes where the replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms with a halogen atom (group 17). Halogens cannot add on because of alkanes being saturated therefore they’re substituted.

• The next step after the replacement of a halogen is then to replace that halogen with a amine group (NH²) to then form an amino acid/amine.

More substitution reactions

• Synthesising the halogen alkanes to form alcohols. What happens is , there is another substituion reaction where the halogen alkane reacts with a hydroxyl group and the halogen is substituted with a (OH) group this is known as hydrolysis. This reaction can be reversed and is commonly known as condensation. Another example of hydrolysis is the formation of carboxylic acids from alcohols.

Addition Reactions

• This is the reaction of unsaturated organic compounds that undergo an addition of atoms or groups across a double or triple bond to become saturated.

• Hydrogenation is the addition of a hydrogen atom to a organic compound example 7.14

• NOTE: SUBSTANCES CANNOT REACT UNLESS THEY’RE IN DIRECT PHYSICAL CONTACT. THEREFORE ALL REACTIONS REQUIRE COLLISIONS.

More addition reactions

• What are the following terms• -activation complex• Intermediate product• Reaction mechanism

More addition reactions

• Esterfication is the process where a condensation reaction occurs and a ester is one of the resulting products.

• What is the general equation for an ester to form and give me an example?

• Also show examples of an ester undergoing hydrolysis with a acid catalyst and a base.

Esterfication reaction

• What is the general equation for the formation of an Esther?

• What is the overall general equations for the hydrolysis reactions involved with esters?

• What is the functional group for an ester?

HAHA HOMEWORK

• Ex7.1 Q2,3,4,6 Ex 7.2 Q1,3,5 Ex 7.3 Q1,2,4,7

• And read from pg222-235