Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in...
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Transcript of Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in...
![Page 1: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Organic Chemistry
In a nutshell..
![Page 2: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Important Elements
• CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry
• Also important…– Hydrogen– Oxygen– Nitrogen– Sulphur– Phosphorus– Chlorine
![Page 3: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Covalent Bonds
• Covalent bonds occur when electrons are SHARED between non-metals.
• Carbon has 4 bonds
CValence Electrons
![Page 4: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Other Bonds
• Hydrogen one bond• Oxygen two bonds• Nitrogen three bonds• Sulphur two bonds (varies)• Phosphorus three bonds (varies)• Chlorine one bond• Bonds = # valence electrons needed to be
Happy
![Page 5: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
One, Two, Three….
• Elements can form Single, Double, and Triple Bonds– Single bonds share 2 electrons– Double bonds share 4 electrons– Triple bonds share 6 electrons
H H O O N N
![Page 6: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbons are made up of hydrogen and carbon only.
• They are divided up based on the number of bonds.– alkanes have Single Bonds– alkenes have Double Bonds– alkynes have Triple Bonds
![Page 7: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Prefixes
• Prefixes are used to describe the number of Carbons in the compound.
• Meth = 1 Carbon Eth = 2 Carbons
C C CH
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
![Page 8: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Prefixes
• Meth1 carbon Hex 6 carbons
• Eth 2 carbons Hept 7 carbons
• Prop 3 carbons Oct 8 carbons
• But 4 carbons Non 9 carbons
• Pent 5 carbons Dec 10 carbons
![Page 9: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Prefix + Suffix
• Methane Ethylene
C C CH
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
![Page 10: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Functional Groups
• Functional groups contain combinations of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, that are attached to the carbon chain and determine chemical properties.
C C C C CH
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
![Page 11: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Functional Group Examples
• The –OH functional group is characteristic of all organic alcohols.
H
H
H
OHC
Methanol: Meth = 1 carbon ol = functional group OH
![Page 12: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Functional Group Examples
• The –COOH functional group is characteristic of all organic carboxylic acids
O
H
OHC
Methanoic Acid: Meth = 1 carbon oic acid = OOH functional group
![Page 13: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Benzene Ring
•
H
CCC
C CC
H
H
H
H
H
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Name that Compound!
C C C C CH
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Pentane
![Page 15: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Name that Compound!
C C C C CH
H
H
H
Pentene
![Page 16: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Name that Compound
O
H OH C CH
H
Ethanonic acid
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Name that Compound
H
H OH C CH
H
Ethanol
H
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Name that Compound
Propyne
C C CH
H
H
H
![Page 19: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Crystal Meth
N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
![Page 20: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Answer These Questions
• Pg 686 in HOLT Chemistry Book
• # 3, 4, 7, 9, 11
![Page 21: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
#3
• All are hydrocarbons
• Alkanes contain only single bonds
• Alkenes contain at least one double bond
• Alkynes contain at least one triple bond
![Page 22: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
#4
![Page 23: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
#7
• A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that gives characteristics properties to organic compounds
![Page 24: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
#9
H C C C
H H H
H H
C C C H
H H H
H H
![Page 25: Organic Chemistry In a nutshell... Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… –Hydrogen –Oxygen –Nitrogen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649f185503460f94c2f388/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
# 11• Any structure that contains 7 Carbon
atoms, an appropriate number of Hydrogen atoms, and at least one triple bond is correct.