Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbons Alkanes
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Transcript of Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbons Alkanes
Organic Organic ChemistryChemistry
The chemistry of compounds containing carbon.
HYDROCARBONS
Here are some Characteristics of hydrocarbons:
Has non-polar molecules
sp3 hybridization
Contains only hydrogen and carbon
non-electrolytes because of poor ionization
In **most** situations, it is not soluble in water
The reactivity is very slow
The low boiling point makes it pretty easy to decompose
an organic compound (as acetylene or butane) containing only carbon and hydrogen and often occurring in petroleum, natural gas, coal, and bitumens
Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)
Vocabulary Review (Time to pull out the ‘ole Latin Textbook)
The number of carbon atoms = root name! • meth 1 carbon• eth 2 carbon• prop 3 carbon• but 4 carbon• pent 5 carbon• hex 6 carbon• hept 7 carbon• oct 8 carbon
Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)
The AlkanesCharacteristics
AKA Paraffins, are chemical compounds that consist only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). Each are linked by a single bond.
Each carbon atom must have 4 bonds (either C-H or C-C bonds), and each hydrogen atom must be joined to a carbon atom (H-C bonds).
General formula CnH2n+2 (Linear saturated hydrocarbon)
Chemical structure of methane, the simplest alkane
Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)
The AlkanesMethane H
H C H CH4
H
Propane H H H
H C C C H C3H8
H H H
Ethane H H
H C C H C2H6
H H
Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)
Isomers - Compounds with the same composition and molecular weight, but differing structure
Butane [C4H10]
Isobutane [C4H10]
Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)
n-pentane - A component of natural gas, lighter and blowtorch fuels and aerosol propellants, consists of five carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms
C5H12
2-methylbutane - Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. 2-Methylbutane commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C.
Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)
2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane): One of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane and isopentane. Extremely flammable gas at room temperature and pressure which can condense into a highly volatile liquid on a cold day, in an ice bath, or when compressed to a higher pressure.
Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)
n-hexanen-heptane
n-octane
Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)