Organic Chemistry
179
Organic Chemistry 1
description
Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. The Chemistry of carbon compounds. Organic Chemistry. The Chemistry of carbon compounds. We will look at: (1) Naming of simple compounds. Organic Chemistry. The Chemistry of carbon compounds. We will look at: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Organic Chemistry
1
Organic Chemistry
2
Organic Chemistry
The Chemistry of carbon compounds.
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Organic Chemistry
The Chemistry of carbon compounds.
We will look at: (1) Naming of simple compounds.
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Organic Chemistry
The Chemistry of carbon compounds.
We will look at: (1) Naming of simple compounds. (2) Some simple reactions.
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Organic Chemistry
The Chemistry of carbon compounds.
We will look at: (1) Naming of simple compounds. (2) Some simple reactions. (3) Some simple properties.
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Organic Chemistry
The Chemistry of carbon compounds.
We will look at: (1) Naming of simple compounds. (2) Some simple reactions. (3) Some simple properties. (4) Some applications will be discussed.
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Naming simple organic compounds
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Naming simple organic compounds
Organic compounds are organized in different families, and each family has a root name.
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Naming simple organic compounds
Organic compounds are organized in different families, and each family has a root name. Compounds derived from the starting members in the family have their name based on the parent compound from which they are derived.
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The key compounds for naming are the hydrocarbons.
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The key compounds for naming are the hydrocarbons. There are three basic classifications and some important secondary classifications.
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The key compounds for naming are the hydrocarbons. There are three basic classifications and some important secondary classifications.
(1) Alkanes
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The key compounds for naming are the hydrocarbons. There are three basic classifications and some important secondary classifications.
(1) Alkanes (2) Alkenes
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The key compounds for naming are the hydrocarbons. There are three basic classifications and some important secondary classifications.
(1) Alkanes (2) Alkenes (3) Alkynes
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Prefix systemused to name inorganic compounds. This is also used for organic compounds to name the number of substituents. The base names for the alkanes with five or more C atoms are derived directly from these names.
number prefix1 mon*2 di3 tri4 tetra5 penta6 hexa7 hepta8 octa9 nona10 deca
*Often not employed.
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Prefix systemused to name the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain of organic compounds. Note that the ones in blue do not follow from the first four prefixes in the previous table. These entries are sometimes termed the roots for the number of C atoms.
number prefix1 meth2 eth3 prop4 but5 pent6 hex7 hept8 oct9 non10 dec
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Names for organic compounds break up into two groups:
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Names for organic compounds break up into two groups:
Non-systematic (trivial)
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Names for organic compounds break up into two groups:
Non-systematic (trivial) Systematic (This will be our focus, though
some of the common names will be mentioned.)
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Names for organic compounds break up into two groups:
Non-systematic (trivial) Systematic (This will be our focus, though
some of the common names will be mentioned.)
Example: H2O The non-systematic name is water. The systematic name is dihydrogen oxide.
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Number of bonds For the following atoms the typical number of
bonds from each atom is as follows:
Atom Number of bonds H 1 C 4
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Number of bonds For the following atoms the typical number of
bonds from each atom is as follows:
Atom Number of bonds H 1 C 4 O 2 N 3
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Number of bonds For the following atoms the typical number of
bonds from each atom is as follows:
Atom Number of bonds H 1 C 4 O 2 N 3 (Note: there are exceptions)
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The Alkanes
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The Alkanes
As far as naming is concerned, the alkanes are the top priority family.
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The Alkanes
As far as naming is concerned, the alkanes are the top priority family. Many other names are based on the names used for this group of compounds.
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The Alkanes
As far as naming is concerned, the alkanes are the top priority family. Many other names are based on the names used for this group of compounds.
The alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2
where n = 1, 2, 3, ….
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Formula NameCH4 methane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3CH2CH2CH3 butane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3CH2CH2CH3 butaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 pentane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3CH2CH2CH3 butaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 pentaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 hexane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3CH2CH2CH3 butaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 pentaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 hexaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 heptane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3CH2CH2CH3 butaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 pentaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 hexaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 heptaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 octane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3CH2CH2CH3 butaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 pentaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 hexaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 heptaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 octaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 nonane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3CH2CH2CH3 butaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 pentaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 hexaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 heptaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 octaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 nonaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 decane
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Formula NameCH4 methane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3(CH2)2CH3 butane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3(CH2)2CH3 butaneCH3(CH2)3CH3 pentane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3(CH2)2CH3 butaneCH3(CH2)3CH3 pentaneCH3(CH2)4CH3 hexane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3(CH2)2CH3 butaneCH3(CH2)3CH3 pentaneCH3(CH2)4CH3 hexaneCH3(CH2)5CH3 heptane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3(CH2)2CH3 butaneCH3(CH2)3CH3 pentaneCH3(CH2)4CH3 hexaneCH3(CH2)5CH3 heptaneCH3(CH2)6CH3 octane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3(CH2)2CH3 butaneCH3(CH2)3CH3 pentaneCH3(CH2)4CH3 hexaneCH3(CH2)5CH3 heptaneCH3(CH2)6CH3 octaneCH3(CH2)7CH3 nonane
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Formula NameCH4 methaneCH3CH3 ethaneCH3CH2CH3 propaneCH3(CH2)2CH3 butaneCH3(CH2)3CH3 pentaneCH3(CH2)4CH3 hexaneCH3(CH2)5CH3 heptaneCH3(CH2)6CH3 octaneCH3(CH2)7CH3 nonaneCH3(CH2)8CH3 decane
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Alkyl groups
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Alkyl groupsFormula Name
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Alkyl groupsFormula NameCH3 methyl
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Alkyl groupsFormula NameCH3 methylCH3CH2 ethyl
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Alkyl groupsFormula NameCH3 methylCH3CH2 ethylCH3CH2CH2 n-propyl
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Alkyl groupsFormula NameCH3 methylCH3CH2 ethylCH3CH2CH2 n-propylCH3(CH2)2CH2 n-butyl
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Alkyl groupsFormula NameCH3 methylCH3CH2 ethylCH3CH2CH2 n-propylCH3(CH2)2CH2 n-butylCH3(CH2)3CH2 n-pentyl
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Alkyl groupsFormula NameCH3 methylCH3CH2 ethylCH3CH2CH2 n-propylCH3(CH2)2CH2 n-butylCH3(CH2)3CH2 n-pentyl
Ending change: ane yl (or add yl to the root names)
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In the previous list “n” stands for normal. In this case the bond is from the first carbon of the longest chain.
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In the previous list “n” stands for normal. In this case the bond is from the first carbon of the longest chain. Three other prefixes that occur commonly are:
sec- short for secondary
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In the previous list “n” stands for normal. In this case the bond is from the first carbon of the longest chain. Three other prefixes that occur commonly are:
sec- short for secondary tert- short for tertiary
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In the previous list “n” stands for normal. In this case the bond is from the first carbon of the longest chain. Three other prefixes that occur commonly are:
sec- short for secondary tert- short for tertiary iso (no hyphen is used)
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In the previous list “n” stands for normal. In this case the bond is from the first carbon of the longest chain. Three other prefixes that occur commonly are:
sec- short for secondary tert- short for tertiary iso (no hyphen is used) Examples:
HH
HHHHHH CCCC
Hsec-butyl
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In the previous list “n” stands for normal. In this case the bond is from the first carbon of the longest chain. Three other prefixes that occur commonly are:
sec- short for secondary tert- short for tertiary iso (no hyphen is used) Examples:
HH
HHHHHH CCCC
H H
H
H
HH
H
C
CCC HH
sec-butyl
H
tert-butyl
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In the previous list “n” stands for normal. In this case the bond is from the first carbon of the longest chain. Three other prefixes that occur commonly are:
sec- short for secondary tert- short for tertiary iso (no hyphen is used) Examples:
HH
HHHHHH CCCC
H H
H
H
H
HH
H
C
CCC HH HH
HH
HH
C
CCC
H
Hsec-butyl
H
tert-butyl isobutyl
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The term isoalkane is used to denote a branched chain alkane with a methyl group attached to the penultimate carbon atom of the main chain.
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The term isoalkane is used to denote a branched chain alkane with a methyl group attached to the penultimate carbon atom of the main chain.
As the number of carbon atoms increase, the prefixes become less useful, because an increasingly large number of prefixes would be needed. In this case, the standard numbering scheme (described about nine slides later) is used.
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Structures of some alkanes
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Structures of some alkanes
H
HHH C
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Structures of some alkanes
H
HHH C CC
H HH
HH
H
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Structures of some alkanes
H
HHH C
CCC
CCH
H
H
H
H
HH
HH
HH
H
HH
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Structures of some alkanes
H
HHH C
CCC
CCH
H
H
H
H
HH
HH
HH
H
HH HH
HHHHHH CCCC
HH
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Structures of some alkanes
These are straight chain examples.
H
HHH C
CCC
CCH
H
H
H
H
HH
HH
HH
H
HH HH
HHHHHH CCCC
HH
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Structures of some alkanes
These are straight chain examples. Note that the alkanes have only single bonds.
H
HHH C
CCC
CCH
H
H
H
H
HH
HH
HH
H
HH HH
HHHHHH CCCC
HH
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Branched alkanes
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Branched alkanes
HH
HHHHHH CCCC
H3CH
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Branched alkanes
4 3 2 1
HH
HHHHHH CCCC
H3CH
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Branched alkanes
4 3 2 1 2-methylbutane
(the 2 is a bit redundant)
HH
HHHHHH CCCC
H3CH
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Branched alkanes
4 3 2 1 2-methylbutane
(the 2 is a bit redundant)
Number the longest chain so as to give the lowest number to the substituent (in this case a methyl group) off the main chain.
HH
HHHHHH CCCC
H3CH
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HC
HH
HHHH HH CCCC H
3CH 3CH
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5 4 3 2 1
HC
HH
HHHH HH CCCC H
3CH 3CH
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5 4 3 2 1 2,3-dimethylpentane
HC
HH
HHHH HH CCCC H
3CH 3CH
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HC
H
HHHHH HH CCCC H
3CH 2CH
3CH
C C CH
HH
H H H
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Note: there is a methyl and an ethyl group off the main chain.
HC
H
HHHHH HH CCCC H
3CH 2CH
3CH
C C CH
HH
H H H
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Note: there is a methyl and an ethyl group off the main chain.
HC
H
HHHHH HH CCCC H
3CH 2CH
3CH
C C CH
HH
H H H
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8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 and 6 bigger than 3 and 4 – so this is wrong numbering
Note: there is a methyl and an ethyl group off the main chain.
HC
H
HHHHH HH CCCC H
3CH 2CH
3CH
C C CH
HH
H H H
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Note: there is a methyl and an ethyl group off the main chain.
HC
H
HHHHH HH CCCC H
3CH 2CH
3CH
C C CH
HH
H H H
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3-methyl-4-ethyloctane (complexity order)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Note: there is a methyl and an ethyl group off the main chain.
HC
H
HHHHH HH CCCC H
3CH 2CH
3CH
C C CH
HH
H H H
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3-methyl-4-ethyloctane (complexity order) 4-ethyl-3-methyloctane (alphabetical order)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Note: there is a methyl and an ethyl group off the main chain.
HC
H
HHHHH HH CCCC H
3CH 2CH
3CH
C C CH
HH
H H H
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Summary of the simple rules to name an alkane. Prefix + root + suffix
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Ways of depicting an alkane (p. 578)
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The impact of free rotation about carbon – carbon single bonds.
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Exercise: Draw the structures of (1) 2,2,3-trimethylbutane (2) 4-ethyl-2-methylnonane (2-methyl-4-ethylnonane) (3) 2,4-dimethyloctane
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Physical properties of the alkanes
The series of straight-chain alkanes shows a very smooth gradation of physical properties. As the series is ascended, each additional CH2 group contributes a fairly constant increment to the boiling point and to the density – and to a lesser extent to the melting point.
This makes it possible to estimate the properties of an unknown member of the series from those of its neighbors.
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Alkenes
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Alkenes These are hydrocarbons with at least one or
more double bonds.
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Alkenes These are hydrocarbons with at least one or
more double bonds.
The parent alkanes are used to name the alkene family of compounds.
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Alkenes These are hydrocarbons with at least one or
more double bonds.
The parent alkanes are used to name the alkene family of compounds.
The name ending change is: ane ene
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alkane alkene structure ethane ethene
CCHH
HH
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alkane alkene structure ethane ethene
propane propene
CCHH
HH
3CHCC
H H
H
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alkane alkene structure butane butene
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alkane alkene structure butane butene In this case there are three possible compounds.
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alkane alkene structure butane butene In this case there are three possible compounds. 1-butene
C CH
HH
3CH2CH
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alkane alkene structure butane butene In this case there are three possible compounds. 1-butene The number 1 indicates on which carbon the double bond starts.
C CH
HH
3CH2CH
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alkane alkene structure butane butene In this case there are three possible compounds. 1-butene The number 1 indicates on which carbon the double bond starts. 2- butene
C CH
HH
3CH
HH
2CH
3CH3CHCC
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alkane alkene structure butane butene In this case there are three possible compounds. 1-butene The number 1 indicates on which carbon the double bond starts. 2- butene
C C
H
H
HH
3CH
C C
H
H
H
2CH
3CH3CH
3CH
3CH
CC
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alkane alkene structure butane butene In this case there are three possible compounds. 1-butene The number 1 indicates on which carbon the double bond starts. 2- butene cis-2-butene
trans-2-butene
C C
H
H
HH
3CH
C C
H
H
H
2CH
3CH3CH
3CH
3CH
CC
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Z and E isomers
Some cases arise in which it is very difficult to name a compound unambiguously, e.g.
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Z and E isomers
Some cases arise in which it is very difficult to name a compound unambiguously, e.g.
BrC C
I 3CH
Cl
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Z and E isomers
Some cases arise in which it is very difficult to name a compound unambiguously, e.g.
Is this a cis or trans compound?
BrC C
I 3CH
Cl
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Z and E isomers
Some cases arise in which it is very difficult to name a compound unambiguously, e.g.
Is this a cis or trans compound?
A way to sort out this problem is to use the symbols
BrC C
I 3CH
Cl
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Z and E isomers
Some cases arise in which it is very difficult to name a compound unambiguously, e.g.
Is this a cis or trans compound?
A way to sort out this problem is to use the symbols Z (zusammen = together)
BrC C
I 3CH
Cl
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Z and E isomers
Some cases arise in which it is very difficult to name a compound unambiguously, e.g.
Is this a cis or trans compound?
A way to sort out this problem is to use the symbols Z (zusammen = together) E(entgegen = opposite)
BrC C
I 3CH
Cl
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Rules1. Compare the two groups on one carbon atom of
the carbon-carbon double bond.
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Rules1. Compare the two groups on one carbon atom of
the carbon-carbon double bond.2. Assign the two groups priorities using the Cahn-
Ingold-Prelog rules for R and S configurations.
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Rules1. Compare the two groups on one carbon atom of
the carbon-carbon double bond.2. Assign the two groups priorities using the Cahn-
Ingold-Prelog rules for R and S configurations.3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the second carbon of the
carbon-carbon double bond.
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Rules1. Compare the two groups on one carbon atom of
the carbon-carbon double bond.2. Assign the two groups priorities using the Cahn-
Ingold-Prelog rules for R and S configurations.3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the second carbon of the
carbon-carbon double bond.4. If the two groups of highest priority are on the
same side of the double bond, we have the Z isomer. If the two groups are on opposite sides we have the E isomer.
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Arrange the atoms in decreasing order of atomic number, e.g. I, Br, Cl, S, P, F, O, N, C, H
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Z-2-butene
HH
3CH3CHCC
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Z-2-butene
E-2-butene
HH
3CH3CHCC
HC C
H 3CH
3CH
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Z-2-butene
E-2-butene
E-2-bromo-1-chloro-1-iodopropene
HH
3CH3CHCC
HC C
H 3CH
3CH
ClC C
I3CH
Br
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Z-2-butene
E-2-butene
E-2-bromo-1-chloro-1-iodopropene The group of highest priority on each C atom is
circled.
HH
3CH3CHCC
HC C
H 3CH
3CH
ClC C
I3CH
Br
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Z-2-butene
E-2-butene
E-2-bromo-1-chloro-1-iodopropene The group of highest priority on each C atom is
circled.
HH
3CH3CHCC
HC C
H 3CH
3CH
ClC C
I3CH
Br
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alkene condensed formula ethene CH2CH2
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alkene condensed formula ethene CH2CH2
propene CH2CHCH3
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alkene condensed formula ethene CH2CH2
propene CH2CHCH3
1-butene CH2CHCH2CH3
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alkene condensed formula ethene CH2CH2
propene CH2CHCH3
1-butene CH2CHCH2CH3
2-butene CH3CHCHCH3
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alkene condensed formula ethene CH2CH2
propene CH2CHCH3
1-butene CH2CHCH2CH3
2-butene CH3CHCHCH3 Note: it would not be clear from the formula for 2-
butene whether this is the cis or trans compound.
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alkene condensed formula ethene CH2CH2
propene CH2CHCH3
1-butene CH2CHCH2CH3
2-butene CH3CHCHCH3 Note: it would not be clear from the formula for 2-
butene whether this is the cis or trans compound. This is a reason why structures are very useful!
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It is possible to have more than one double bond present. For example:
1,3-butadiene
CCCC H
H H
H
H
H
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Alkynes
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Alkynes The alkynes have one or more triple bonds.
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Alkynes The alkynes have one or more triple bonds. The ending change is: ane yne
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Alkynes The alkynes have one or more triple bonds. The ending change is: ane yne The alkenes and the alkynes are referred to as
unsaturated hydrocarbons.
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Alkynes The alkynes have one or more triple bonds. The ending change is: ane yne The alkenes and the alkynes are referred to as
unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon: A hydrocarbon having one or more double or triple bonds.
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alkane alkyne structure ethane ethyne
CCH H
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alkane alkyne structure ethane ethyne
propane propyne
CCH H
H 3CHCC
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alkane alkyne structure ethane ethyne
propane propyne
butane 1-butyne
CCH H
H 3CHCC
H CC 2CH 3CH
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alkane alkyne structure ethane ethyne
propane propyne
butane 1-butyne 2-butyne
CCH H
H 3CHCC
H CC 2CH 3CHCC3CH 3CH
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alkyne condensed formula ethyne C2H2
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alkyne condensed formula ethyne C2H2
propyne CHCCH3
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alkyne condensed formula ethyne C2H2
propyne CHCCH3
1-butyne CHCCH2CH3
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alkyne condensed formula ethyne C2H2
propyne CHCCH3
1-butyne CHCCH2CH3
2-butyne CH3CCCH3
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alkyne condensed formula ethyne C2H2
propyne CHCCH3
(Writing C3H4 would not be useful.)
1-butyne CHCCH2CH3
2-butyne CH3CCCH3
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alkyne condensed formula ethyne C2H2
propyne CHCCH3
(Writing C3H4 would not be useful. Why?)
1-butyne CHCCH2CH3
2-butyne CH3CCCH3
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Explanation of why C3H4 would not be useful.
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Explanation of why C3H4 would not be useful. Clearly, this could be propyne.
CCH 3CH
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Explanation of why C3H4 would not be useful. Clearly, this could be propyne.
But it could also be
CCH
HHCCC
H H
3CH
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Explanation of why C3H4 would not be useful. Clearly, this could be propyne.
But it could also be
1,2-propadiene
CCH
HHCCC
H H
3CH
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Explanation of why C3H4 would not be useful. Clearly, this could be propyne.
But it could also be
1,2-propadiene (The numbering would be a bit redundant in this
example.)
CCH
HHCCC
H H
3CH
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Cycloalkanes
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Cycloalkanes
The cyclo compounds have a ring of carbon atoms present in the compound.
150
alkane cycloalkane structure propane cyclopropane
CC
HH
HH
CHH
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alkane cycloalkane structure propane cyclopropane
butane cyclobutane
CC
HH
HH
C
C
H HH
HH
CCC
HHH HH
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153
154
155
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Conformational possibilities for cyclohexane
157
158
159
Some substituents
160
Some substituents
Substituent Name F fluoro
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Some substituents
Substituent Name F fluoro Cl chloro
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Some substituents
Substituent Name F fluoro Cl chloro Br bromo
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Some substituents
Substituent Name F fluoro Cl chloro Br bromo I iodo
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Some substituents
Substituent Name F fluoro Cl chloro Br bromo I iodo
Note: the ending change ide o as in chloride to chloro
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Name the following
166
Name the following1.
H
HFH C
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Name the following1.
2.
H
HFH C
CCH F
FH
HH
168
Name the following1.
2.
3.
H
HFH C
CCH F
FH
HH
CCCH
F
H
H
HH F
Cl
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Name the following1.
2.
3.
4.
BrH
HBrHHHH CCCC
BrH
H
HFH C
CCH F
FH
HH
CCCH
F
H
H
HH F
Cl
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Name the following1. fluoromethane
2.
3.
4.
BrH
HBrHHHH CCCC
BrH
H
HFH C
CCH F
FH
HH
CCCH
F
H
H
HH F
Cl
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Name the following1. fluoromethane
2. 1,1-difluoroethane
3.
4.
BrH
HBrHHHH CCCC
BrH
H
HFH C
CCH F
FH
HH
CCCH
F
H
H
HH F
Cl
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Name the following1. fluoromethane
2. 1,1-difluoroethane
3. 1-chloro-1,2-difluoropropane
4.
BrH
HBrHHHH CCCC
BrH
H
HFH C
CCH F
FH
HH
CCCH
F
H
H
HH F
Cl
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Name the following1. fluoromethane
2. 1,1-difluoroethane
3. 1-chloro-1,2-difluoropropane
4. 1,2,3-tribromobutane
BrH
HBrHHHH CCCC
BrH
H
HFH C
CCH F
FH
HH
CCCH
F
H
H
HH F
Cl
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Name the following1. fluoromethane
2. 1,1-difluoroethane
3. 1-chloro-1,2-difluoropropane*
4. 1,2,3-tribromobutane* *(there is more than one form of this compound)
BrH
HBrHHHH CCCC
BrH
H
HFH C
CCH F
FH
HH
CCCH
F
H
H
HH F
Cl
175
Some simple reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
176
Some simple reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
Combustion: CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
177
Some simple reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
Combustion: CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
When the products are CO2 and H2O it is termed a complete combustion.
178
Some simple reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
Combustion: CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
When the products are CO2 and H2O it is termed a complete combustion.
With insufficient O2, CO will be formed. E. g. 2 CH4 + 3 O2 2 CO + 4 H2O
179
Some simple reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
Combustion: CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
When the products are CO2 and H2O it is termed a complete combustion.
With insufficient O2, CO will be formed. E. g. 2 CH4 + 3 O2 2 CO + 4 H2O This is called an incomplete combustion.
