EpilogueAgroecology in the Tropics - Future Perspectives

G. Poyyamoli

Introduction .............................................................................................................. 260Can Biotech Organic Agriculture Feed The World .............................................. 263Can Agroecology Feed The World ......................................................................... 266Reconciling Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation — The Land Spacing vs. The Land Sharing Debates ................................................................. 272Agroecology Movements — An Overview ............................................................ 273Climate Smart Agriculture ...................................................................................... 275Agroecology — Future Challenges and The Way Forward ................................ 281Endnotes .................................................................................................................... 289References ................................................................................................................. 290

G. Poyyamoli (ed.),Agroecology, Ecosystems, and Sustainability in the Tropics© Studera Press, 2017

260 Agroecology, Ecosystems, and Sustainability in the Tropics

ABSTRACT

KEY WORDS

This chapter starts with the diagnosis of the current situation of tropical agroecosystems, takes you through the debates on peasant based Agroecology vs industrial agriculture and peasant based organic agriculture vs biotech organic industrial agriculture, and investigates critically the concept of climate smart agriculture. Based on the lessons learnt from the grass root agroecological movements in the tropics, it explains how agro ecology has a greater potential in ensuring agricultural sustainability for small scale farmers who constitute the majority in the tropics. The future challenges confronting the tropical agriculture are critically reviewed against the back drop of the ecological, economic, social and cultural realities. Based on the facts, appropriate recommendations are suggested for nurturing and scaling up agroecological strategies in the tropics.

Agroecology, Agroecology movements, biodiversity, Biotech organic agriculture, climate smart agriculture, Community Supported Agriculture, ecological intensification, eco-functional intensification, food systems, GRA, industrial agriculture, innovation, orphan crops, organic farming, peasant based farming, participatory action research, small farmers.

“To feed 9 billion people in 2050, we urgently need to adopt the most efficient farming techniques available. Today’s scientific evidence demonstrates that Agro-ecological methods outperform the use of chemical fertilizers in boosting food production where the hungry live - especially in unfavorable environments”.

- Olivier De Schutter, Co-Chair, IPES-Food & Former

UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food (2008-2014)

INTRODUCTION

What we call the “agri-food system” is now noticeably broken. This we can realise by critically analysing what is happening to agroecosystem services

(degrading), small/marginal farmers (seriously affected by escalating price of agricultural inputs, declining returns and debt burden), farm workers and food workers (exploited/alienated and underpaid), honey bees and sparrows (collapsing), forested landscapes (degrading/fragmenting), the climate (warming with unpredictable changes), and the ever-growing number of people without access to nutritious food, or the shrinking, degraded and overexploited land and the natural resources with which to produce food on a sustainable basis.

The industrialisation of the agricultural sector has increased the chemical burden on natural ecosystems. Inorganic pesticides/fungicides/fertilisers are agrochemicals used in agricultural lands, public health programs, and urban green areas in order to protect plants

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programmes.pdf22. https://www.quora.com/What-is-

the-science-behind-jallikattu;https://thewire.in/19157/ banning- jallikattu-will-decimate-indias-indigenous-cattle-breeds/

23. http://www.erfindia.org/ pdf/ Foliar-sprays.pdf

24. http://orgprints.org/29777/1/ScienceDayFiBL-Biofach02-2016_ ESchlecht.pdf

25. http://www.kangayambull.com/26. http:// ankush. org.in/ aboutus.html27. http://www.navdanya.org/28. http://ddsindia.com/29. http://cintdis.org/ and http://www.

earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/seed_savior/

30. http://www.agricultureinformation. com/postings/ciks-ngo-supplying-organic-seeds/

31. http://www.sevango.in/32. http://vanastree.org/33. https://www.grain.org/34. http://sahajaaharam.in/35. http://www.chetnaorganic.org.in/36. http://www.organicmandya.com/

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