8/14/2019 Organ Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary Pineal Thyroid Parathyroid

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Organ Hormone(s)Hypothalamus GHRH, TRH, GnRH, CRH, Dopamine(PIF), Somatostatin

Anterior Pituitary GH, TSH, LH, FSH, PRL, ACTH

Posterior Pituitary Oxytocin, ADH(AVP)

Pineal Melatonin

Thyroid T3, T4, Calcitonin

Parathyroid PTH

Stomach Ghrelin

Adrenal Cortex Cortisol, Aldosterone, Corticosterone, Dehydroepialdosterone, Androstendione

Adrenal Medulla Norepinephrine, Epinephrine

Pancreas Insulin, Glucagon, PPY, Somatostatin

Liver IGF-1

Kidney Renin, 1,25-OH-D, EPO

Adipose Leptin

Small Intestine CCK, PYY

Large Intestine PYY

Ovaries Estrogen, Progesterone, Relaxin (during pregnancy)

Testes Testosterone

Placenta hCG, hCS, Estrogens, Progesterone, Relaxin

Only FREE hormones in blood can cause action most bound to plasma proteins ( T , metabolic clearance)

Receptor MechanismG-Protein Coupled Hormone binds; , , complexes assoc. w/ recepter, activated via GDPGTP; subunit

dissociates and binds with membrane-bound target to initiate intra-cellular signal

Enzyme-Linked Homodimer; leptin binds to extracellular part; phosphorylation and activation of JAK2; causes

phosphorylation of STAT; activates tx of gene, synthesis of protein; JAK2 activates other ez

systems mediating rapid effects

Leptin receptor

G-Protein Coupled generation of

cAMP Second MessengerG-Protein coupled mechanism activates ATPcAMP; activated cAMP dependent protein kinase;phosphorylates protein; get cell response

Peptide hormone

G-Protein Coupled IP3 and DAG

Second MessengerG-Protein coupled mechanism activates PIP2 IP3+DAG; activates protein kinase C;phosphrylates protein; cell response

Mech of angiotensin II

vasoconstriction

Intracellular Diffuse into cell; bind cytoplasmic or nuclear receptor; hormone-receptor complex binds hormone

response element on DNA; activates or inhibits tx, mRNA synth, protein synth

Steroid, T3, lipophilic hormones