ORF - Dr a Rajvanshi - 260310

Observer Research Foundation Observer Research Foundation MumbaiMumbai

‘Ideas and Action for a Better India’‘Ideas and Action for a Better India’

Talk by Talk by

Dr. Anil K RajvanshiDr. Anil K RajvanshiDirector, Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI)Director, Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI)

'The Road to Prosperous India Goes Through Rural 'The Road to Prosperous India Goes Through Rural Areas‘Areas‘

Friday, 26th March 2010Friday, 26th March 2010

Mumbai2010Mumbai2010 22


About the speakerAbout the speaker

Dr. Anil Rajvanshi, director, trustee and Dr. Anil Rajvanshi, director, trustee and Honorary Secretary of Nimbkar Agricultural Honorary Secretary of Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) has nearly 30 Research Institute (NARI) has nearly 30 years of experience in renewable energy years of experience in renewable energy R&D and rural development. He did his R&D and rural development. He did his B.Tech and M.Tech in Mechanical B.Tech and M.Tech in Mechanical Engineering from I.I.T.Kanpur in 1972 and Engineering from I.I.T.Kanpur in 1972 and 1974 respectively. He received his Ph.D. in 1974 respectively. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Mechanical Engineering from the University of Florida, in 1979. He worked University of Florida, in 1979. He worked there for two and a half years before there for two and a half years before returning to India in 1981 to work in NARI, returning to India in 1981 to work in NARI, in Phaltan, Maharashtra.in Phaltan, Maharashtra.


Dr. Rajvanshi has been a member of many prestigious Dr. Rajvanshi has been a member of many prestigious committees of the Government of India (Office of the principal committees of the Government of India (Office of the principal Scientific Advisor to the GOI, Planning Commission, Advisory Scientific Advisor to the GOI, Planning Commission, Advisory Board of Energy, MNES, etc.) and Government of Board of Energy, MNES, etc.) and Government of Maharashtra. He is the author of the national policy on Maharashtra. He is the author of the national policy on Energy Self Sufficient Talukas, which was run by MNES, New Energy Self Sufficient Talukas, which was run by MNES, New Delhi. In 1998, he was inducted to the U.S. based Solar Hall of Delhi. In 1998, he was inducted to the U.S. based Solar Hall of Fame. Fame.

He was awarded the prestigious Jamnalal Bajaj Award for rural He was awarded the prestigious Jamnalal Bajaj Award for rural development in 2001 and in 2004 his work on electric cycle development in 2001 and in 2004 his work on electric cycle rickshaw was awarded the Energy Globe Award - dubbed the rickshaw was awarded the Energy Globe Award - dubbed the Oscar of Energy. In June 2009 NARI received the prestigious Oscar of Energy. In June 2009 NARI received the prestigious Globe Award for Dr. Rajvanshi's invention of an ethanol Globe Award for Dr. Rajvanshi's invention of an ethanol lantern and stove. lantern and stove.

Dr. Rajvanshi is the principal investigator of 30 projects Dr. Rajvanshi is the principal investigator of 30 projects funded by various national and international agencies with funded by various national and international agencies with grants totaling Rs. 25 million. He has authored and co-grants totaling Rs. 25 million. He has authored and co-authored more than 160 publications in various national and authored more than 160 publications in various national and international journals.international journals.


Talk arrangementTalk arrangement

Three partsThree parts– Key problems in rural India.Key problems in rural India.– Possible solutions. Will also Possible solutions. Will also create rural wealth and create rural wealth and jobs.jobs.

– How can we help in making How can we help in making rural India prosperous?rural India prosperous?


IntroductionIntroduction 60% of rural population (~400 million) 60% of rural population (~400 million)

in India live in primitive conditions. in India live in primitive conditions. Almost no electricity, primitive cook Almost no electricity, primitive cook stoves and unclean drinking water. stoves and unclean drinking water.

Around 300,000 deaths/yr. take place Around 300,000 deaths/yr. take place because of air pollution and 1.5 million because of air pollution and 1.5 million because of polluted water. Modern because of polluted water. Modern technology has not touched their lives technology has not touched their lives even 62years after independence.even 62years after independence.

54% of India’s population is below 54% of India’s population is below 25 years’ of age and 25 years’ of age and most of them live most of them live in rural areas with very few in rural areas with very few employment opportunities. employment opportunities.

Increased aspirations because of Increased aspirations because of mass media are leading to mass media are leading to social unrest. social unrest. Migration to cities.Migration to cities.


Introduction (cont..)Introduction (cont..) Around 260 million people in India (1/4Around 260 million people in India (1/4 thth of of

population) live on less than Rs 50/day. population) live on less than Rs 50/day. Poverty in rural areas. Resulted in farmers’ suicides. Poverty in rural areas. Resulted in farmers’ suicides.

In last 10 years about 150,000 farmers have In last 10 years about 150,000 farmers have committed suicide. Poor support prices, increased committed suicide. Poor support prices, increased input costs and aspirations. Also no long term input costs and aspirations. Also no long term agriculture policy.agriculture policy.

Serious energy crisis in India. In rural areas ~ 60 Serious energy crisis in India. In rural areas ~ 60 kWh/yr per capita electricity consumption. HDI is kWh/yr per capita electricity consumption. HDI is directly linked to electricity. In Maharashtra ~6000 directly linked to electricity. In Maharashtra ~6000 MW shortage. 12-15 hours daily blackouts in rural MW shortage. 12-15 hours daily blackouts in rural areas.areas.

Last year India imported ~ Rs. 3 lakh crore worth of Last year India imported ~ Rs. 3 lakh crore worth of petroleum products (6% of GDP). Serious outflow of petroleum products (6% of GDP). Serious outflow of foreign exchange. Need fuel for 8-9% growth.foreign exchange. Need fuel for 8-9% growth.


Introduction (cont..)Introduction (cont..) Most of these problems have come because of Most of these problems have come because of

non-governance. Governance is the first casualty non-governance. Governance is the first casualty of corruption.of corruption.

Also because of centralized control both in Also because of centralized control both in governance and energy. Decentralization needed.governance and energy. Decentralization needed.

With proper governance one of the best With proper governance one of the best technological solutions is energy production via technological solutions is energy production via agriculture and renewables. Decentralized energy!agriculture and renewables. Decentralized energy!

Will provide rural wealth and create employment.Will provide rural wealth and create employment. With 60% of these rural poor coming in With 60% of these rural poor coming in

mainstream development huge intellectual capital mainstream development huge intellectual capital will be available.will be available.

India then can become an economic super power.India then can become an economic super power.


Energy productionEnergy production India produces ~ 600 – 1000 million tons/yr of India produces ~ 600 – 1000 million tons/yr of

residues. Mostly burnt. Fuels from these residues. Mostly burnt. Fuels from these residues can take care of major requirements residues can take care of major requirements of energy.of energy.

Residues can produce three types of fuelResidues can produce three types of fuel– Liquid fuels like ethanol or pyrolysis oil.Liquid fuels like ethanol or pyrolysis oil.– Gaseous fuel like methane (biogas)Gaseous fuel like methane (biogas)– ElectricityElectricity

Residues can produce 156 b l/yr Residues can produce 156 b l/yr of ethanol which is 42% of India’s of ethanol which is 42% of India’s oil demand in 2012; or 80% of oil oil demand in 2012; or 80% of oil demand via pyrolysis oil; demand via pyrolysis oil; or 80,000 MW of electric power. or 80,000 MW of electric power.


Energy production (cont..)Energy production (cont..) Can be ~ Rs.2000 billion/yr industry (2 lakh Can be ~ Rs.2000 billion/yr industry (2 lakh

crores).crores). Can also provide 50 million jobs .Can also provide 50 million jobs . With increased industrial demand With increased industrial demand

for fuel and electricity large tracts for fuel and electricity large tracts of farmlands may come under of farmlands may come under fuel crops only.fuel crops only.

Food vs. fuel debate. Need to do Food vs. fuel debate. Need to do R&D on multipurpose crops.R&D on multipurpose crops.

NARI’s pioneering work on sweet sorghum. Food, NARI’s pioneering work on sweet sorghum. Food, fuel and fodder from same land.fuel and fodder from same land.

Farms and farmers are the backbone of any Farms and farmers are the backbone of any nation since they can produce food, fuel and nation since they can produce food, fuel and wealth from the land. They should be helped.wealth from the land. They should be helped.


Farming IssuesFarming Issues In any agriculture 25-40% of produce is food and rest In any agriculture 25-40% of produce is food and rest

are residues. No remunerations from residues, hence are residues. No remunerations from residues, hence farming is uneconomical.farming is uneconomical.

Sophisticated technology needed in farming. Lacking Sophisticated technology needed in farming. Lacking in India. Best brains needed in agriculture.in India. Best brains needed in agriculture.

Increased farming will require adequate water supply.Increased farming will require adequate water supply. Rainwater harvesting provides the best solution. Need Rainwater harvesting provides the best solution. Need

for setting up water utilities.for setting up water utilities. Issue of ownership of water bodies needs to be Issue of ownership of water bodies needs to be

resolved. Water Act similar to Electricity act needed.resolved. Water Act similar to Electricity act needed. Use of flue gases from power generation can provide Use of flue gases from power generation can provide

clean potable water. Combined electricity/water clean potable water. Combined electricity/water plants. plants.


Energy DevicesEnergy Devices Need for appropriate end-use devices in rural areas.Need for appropriate end-use devices in rural areas. Should be powered by locally available fuel and Should be powered by locally available fuel and

materials.materials. Renewables and desktop manufacturing (rapid Renewables and desktop manufacturing (rapid

prototyping technologies). High technology needed prototyping technologies). High technology needed for rural areas. Why?for rural areas. Why?

Resources and energy in dilute forms.Resources and energy in dilute forms. Very efficient devices allow maximum energy and Very efficient devices allow maximum energy and

materials to be extracted for useful purposes. materials to be extracted for useful purposes. Biomimicry as mantra for design.Biomimicry as mantra for design.

Hallmark of evolution is size reduction; increase in Hallmark of evolution is size reduction; increase in complexity and efficiency; and “dynamic” equilibrium complexity and efficiency; and “dynamic” equilibrium with the surroundings. Cell phones as an example.with the surroundings. Cell phones as an example.

Some examples of high technology from our work. Some examples of high technology from our work. Renewable liquid fuel production; cooking/lighting; Renewable liquid fuel production; cooking/lighting; power generation and sustainable transportation.power generation and sustainable transportation.


Sustainable Fuel ProductionSustainable Fuel ProductionEthanol from Sweet SorghumEthanol from Sweet Sorghum


Cooking/lighting on ethanolCooking/lighting on ethanol Only renewable liquid and gaseous Only renewable liquid and gaseous

fuels can provide clean household fuels can provide clean household energy.energy.

50-60% ethanol/water mixture. Easy 50-60% ethanol/water mixture. Easy to distill and very safe household to distill and very safe household fuel.fuel.

Lanterns and stoves developed.Lanterns and stoves developed. Stove 2.5-3 kW capacity. Like LPG Stove 2.5-3 kW capacity. Like LPG

stove with high and simmer settings.stove with high and simmer settings. Lantern output =100 W bulb light.Lantern output =100 W bulb light. Lanstove provides cooking, lighting Lanstove provides cooking, lighting

and clean water.and clean water. 2009 Globe Award2009 Globe Award

Lanstove


Biomass GasificationBiomass Gasification Loose leafy biomass Loose leafy biomass

gasifier.gasifier. 500-800 kW (thermal) 500-800 kW (thermal)

capacity. Controllable capacity. Controllable flame.flame.

Cleaning of gas still a Cleaning of gas still a problem.problem.

http://http://nariphaltan.virtualave.net/nariphaltan.virtualave.net/Gasifier.pdfGasifier.pdf


Environmentally sound Environmentally sound transporttransport Electric cycle rickshawsElectric cycle rickshaws Trikes for handicapped Trikes for handicapped Electric auto rickshaw.Electric auto rickshaw. 2004 Energy Globe Award2004 Energy Globe Awardhttp://nariphaltan.virtualave.net/MAPRA.pdfhttp://nariphaltan.virtualave.net/MAPRA.pdf


How to help rural areas How to help rural areas Corporate World (CW) should be directly involved in Corporate World (CW) should be directly involved in

rural development. Have managerial and other rural development. Have managerial and other resources.resources.

Model of joint stock company. GOI should be a Model of joint stock company. GOI should be a facilitator. Tax and other benefits.facilitator. Tax and other benefits.

In energy production via renewables:In energy production via renewables:– Taluka based systems of 10-20 MW capacity.Taluka based systems of 10-20 MW capacity.– 500 kW power/water systems for individual villages.500 kW power/water systems for individual villages.– Utilities for liquid and gaseous fuels. Fuel production Utilities for liquid and gaseous fuels. Fuel production

either from dedicated crops or residueseither from dedicated crops or residues Water utilities in a village using rain water harvesting Water utilities in a village using rain water harvesting

and supply for both irrigation and household uses.and supply for both irrigation and household uses.


CWs involvementCWs involvement Need to look beyond business and financial gains Need to look beyond business and financial gains

only. Rural energy industry could be Rs.2000 K only. Rural energy industry could be Rs.2000 K cr/yr.cr/yr.

Make money but reduce margins for rural work.Make money but reduce margins for rural work. In this era of enhanced communication, creation In this era of enhanced communication, creation

of rural wealth is in the interest of corporate India.of rural wealth is in the interest of corporate India. Need for corporate world (CW) and NGOs to work Need for corporate world (CW) and NGOs to work

together for common good. together for common good. Sensitization of CW regarding rural problems.Sensitization of CW regarding rural problems. NARI’s center for sustainable development.NARI’s center for sustainable development. Technologies developed by science NGOs can be Technologies developed by science NGOs can be

commercialized by CW.commercialized by CW.


Getting involved !Getting involved ! The captains of corporate world need to reduce The captains of corporate world need to reduce

their consumptive lifestyle. It is unsustainable.their consumptive lifestyle. It is unsustainable. A very decent lifestyle is possible with energy A very decent lifestyle is possible with energy

consumption of 50-70 GJ/person/yr. In India avg. consumption of 50-70 GJ/person/yr. In India avg. consumption is 18 GJ/person/yr. US is 350 GJ/p/y.consumption is 18 GJ/person/yr. US is 350 GJ/p/y.

If every citizen of the India follows US lifestyle we If every citizen of the India follows US lifestyle we will need all the resources of the world to sustain will need all the resources of the world to sustain it.it.

Spirituality can help in curbing the greed and Spirituality can help in curbing the greed and making us sustainable. High technology with making us sustainable. High technology with spirituality should be the mantra for development.spirituality should be the mantra for development.

Becoming sustainable in our personal lives and Becoming sustainable in our personal lives and giving something back to the society will help giving something back to the society will help India become a holistic and sustainable country.India become a holistic and sustainable country.


Thank YouThank You

Useful sitesUseful sites www.nariphaltan.orgwww.nariphaltan.org www.nariphaltan.org/ncsd (Sustainable center)www.nariphaltan.org/ncsd (Sustainable center) www.nariphaltan.org/simplelife.htm (simple www.nariphaltan.org/simplelife.htm (simple

living)living) www.nariphaltan.org/writings.htm www.nariphaltan.org/writings.htm (articles on spirituality, technology and (articles on spirituality, technology and

sustainability)sustainability)


About NARIAbout NARI

Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) promotes Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) promotes Sustainable Rural Development through Application of Science Sustainable Rural Development through Application of Science and Technology. and Technology.

NARI is an NGO and non-profit research and development NARI is an NGO and non-profit research and development institute. It was established in 1968 by Mr. B.V. Nimbkar who institute. It was established in 1968 by Mr. B.V. Nimbkar who remained its first President till 1990. Since then Dr. Nandini remained its first President till 1990. Since then Dr. Nandini Nimbkar has presided over the Institute. Nimbkar has presided over the Institute.

The centre is situated in the rural town of Phaltan in Maharashtra The centre is situated in the rural town of Phaltan in Maharashtra state. Phaltan is about 100 km from Pune and 300 km south-east state. Phaltan is about 100 km from Pune and 300 km south-east of Mumbai. of Mumbai.

The Institute undertakes research and development in agriculture, The Institute undertakes research and development in agriculture, renewable energy, animal husbandry and sustainable renewable energy, animal husbandry and sustainable development. development.

Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute, Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute, Phaltan-Lonand Road, Tambmal, P.O.Box 44,Phaltan-Lonand Road, Tambmal, P.O.Box 44,

Phaltan, 415523, Maharashtra (Telephone: 21 66 - 220945) Phaltan, 415523, Maharashtra (Telephone: 21 66 - 220945) www.nariphaltan.orgwww.nariphaltan.org


About ORFAbout ORF

Observer Research Foundation (ORF) Observer Research Foundation (ORF) is a leading non-partisan Indian is a leading non-partisan Indian Think Tank that seeks to influence public policy formulation. It was Think Tank that seeks to influence public policy formulation. It was established in New Delhi in 1990 by the late R.K. Mishra, a widely established in New Delhi in 1990 by the late R.K. Mishra, a widely respected public figure, who envisaged it as a broad-based intellectual respected public figure, who envisaged it as a broad-based intellectual platform pulsating with ideas needed for India’s nation-building. In its platform pulsating with ideas needed for India’s nation-building. In its journey of twenty years, ORF has brought together leading Indian journey of twenty years, ORF has brought together leading Indian policymakers, academics, public figures, social activists and business policymakers, academics, public figures, social activists and business leaders to discuss various issues of national importance. ORF scholars have leaders to discuss various issues of national importance. ORF scholars have made significant contributions toward improving government policies. ORF made significant contributions toward improving government policies. ORF has so far produced a large body of critically acclaimed publications.has so far produced a large body of critically acclaimed publications.

Until recently, ORF’s activities were based mainly in New Delhi. Beginning Until recently, ORF’s activities were based mainly in New Delhi. Beginning in 2010, ORF Mumbai has been established to pursue the Foundation’s in 2010, ORF Mumbai has been established to pursue the Foundation’s vision in India’s business and financial capital. It has started research and vision in India’s business and financial capital. It has started research and advocacy in six broad areas: advocacy in six broad areas: Education, Public Health, Inclusive Education, Public Health, Inclusive Development, Urban Renewal, Youth Development, Development, Urban Renewal, Youth Development, and and Protection Protection and Promotion of India's Priceless Artistic and Cultural Heritageand Promotion of India's Priceless Artistic and Cultural Heritage ..

ORF Mumbai’s mission statement is : ORF Mumbai’s mission statement is : Ideas and Action for a Better Ideas and Action for a Better IndiaIndia. It will champion the cause of balanced socio-economic development . It will champion the cause of balanced socio-economic development and a better quality of life for all Indians. It will also work towards and a better quality of life for all Indians. It will also work towards strengthening India's democratic institutions to become more responsible, strengthening India's democratic institutions to become more responsible, responsive and sensitive to common people’s needs and concerns, responsive and sensitive to common people’s needs and concerns, especially those of the most vulnerable sections of society. especially those of the most vulnerable sections of society.


Some of the activities of ORF Mumbai so far:Some of the activities of ORF Mumbai so far:– A Roundtable on A Roundtable on ‘The Water Crisis in Mumbai’‘The Water Crisis in Mumbai’– A Roundtable on A Roundtable on ‘Promotion of Public-Private Partnerships in ‘Promotion of Public-Private Partnerships in

Indian Railways’Indian Railways’– A study of A study of ‘Mental Illnesses as a Public Health Challenge in ‘Mental Illnesses as a Public Health Challenge in

Urban India, with a special focus on Suicide Prevention’Urban India, with a special focus on Suicide Prevention’– Advocacy for a Advocacy for a ‘Bus Rapid Transport System’ (BRTS) for ‘Bus Rapid Transport System’ (BRTS) for

MumbaiMumbai– Advocacy for Advocacy for More Open Spaces and Green Spaces in Indian More Open Spaces and Green Spaces in Indian

CitiesCities, in support of the WHO’s 2010 theme ‘Open Spaces to , in support of the WHO’s 2010 theme ‘Open Spaces to Create Healthier Cities’Create Healthier Cities’

– A Roundtable on A Roundtable on ‘Promotion of ICT in Marathi and Other ‘Promotion of ICT in Marathi and Other Indian Languages’Indian Languages’

– A Roundtable on the draft A Roundtable on the draft NCHER BillNCHER Bill for Higher Education for Higher Education ReformsReforms

– ORF Mumbai has started a series of lectures by eminent scientists ORF Mumbai has started a series of lectures by eminent scientists on the broad theme: on the broad theme: "Scientific Research for a Better India, "Scientific Research for a Better India, Better World"Better World". The first lecture was delivered by Nobel Laureate . The first lecture was delivered by Nobel Laureate scientist Dr. Jean Marie Lehnscientist Dr. Jean Marie Lehn


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ORF - Dr a Rajvanshi - 260310

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