ORDINANCES

M.Sc. (Honours) Botany (FYIC) Part-II (2016-17 & 2017-18)

SYLLABUS

OUTLINES OF DIFFERENT PAPERS AND MARKS FOR M.Sc. (Honours) BOTANY (FIVE YEAR INTEGRATED COURSE)

Session (2016-17 and 2017-18) RUSA

M.Sc. (Honours) Botany (FYIC) Part-II (Semester-III)

Paper

Title

Marks

Credits

Total

Credits

L

T

P

Theory

Paper-XI

Gymnosperms

60

3

-

-

3

Paper-XII

Morphology and Reproduction of Angiosperms

60

3

-

-

3

Paper-XIII

Taxonomy of Angiosperms

60

3

-

-

3

Paper-XIV

Ecology*

60

3

-

-

3

Paper-XV

Organic Chemistry*

60

3

-

-

3

Practical

Practical Paper-V

Pertaining to Theory Papers XI and XII

45

-

-

2

2

Practical Paper-VI

Pertaining to Theory Papers XIII and XIV

45

-

-

2

2

Practical Paper-VII

Pertaining to Theory Paper XV*

30

-

-

1

1

Total

420

15

-

5

20

Sessional Work

House Tests

40 Marks

80

Permanent Slides

10 Marks

Field Botany

10 Marks

Attendance

10 Marks

Assignment

10 Marks

Total (Semester-III)

500

Sessional Work (Internal Assessment) marks will be distributed equally in each of the five theory papers XI-XV

The duration of final practical paper will be from 04 to 06 hours depending upon the practical component.

M.Sc. (Honours) Botany (FYIC) Part-II (Semester-IV)

Paper

Title

Marks

Credits

Total

Credits

L

T

P

Theory

Paper-XVI

Cytogenetics*

60

3

-

-

3

Paper-XVII

Basics of Horticulture

60

3

-

-

3

Paper-XVIII

Plant Anatomy and Morphogenesis

60

3

-

-

3

Paper-XIX

Biostatistics and Computational Skills*

60

3

-

-

3

Paper-XX

Language (Option-I)-Punjabi /

Language (Option-II)-English

60

3

-

-

3

Practical

Practical Paper-VIII

Pertaining to Theory Papers XVI and XVII

60

-

-

2

2

Practical Paper-IX

Pertaining to Theory Papers XVIII and XIX

60

-

-

2

2

Total

420

15

-

4

19

Sessional Work

House Tests

40 Marks

80

Permanent Slides

10 Marks

Field Botany

10 Marks

Attendance

10 Marks

Assignment

10 Marks

Total (Semester-IV)

500

Sessional Work (Internal Assessment) marks will be distributed equally in each of the five theory papers XVI-XX

The duration of final practical paper will be from 04 to 06 hours depending upon the practical component.

M.Sc. (Honours) Botany (Five Year Integrated Course) Part-II (Semester-III)

PAPER-XI: GYMNOSPERMS

Maximum Marks: 60

Teaching Hours: 45

Pass Marks: 24

Duration of Paper: 3 hrs

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Section C will consist of 12 short-answer type questions, each of 2 marks, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 24 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all including compulsory question selecting two questions each from sections A and B of the question paper and the entire section C which is compulsory.

Section-A

1. Geological history, general characters and life cycle pattern of Gymnosperms. Classification of Gymnosperms as given by Sporne (1965), distribution of living gymnosperms in India and their economic importance.

2. General characters of Progymnosperms and their evolutionary significance. Morphological features of Callixylon, Arachaeopteris, Protopitys and Aneurophyton.

3. General characters of Pteridosperms. Morphology of common pteridosperms with particular reference to Lyginopteris, Glossopteris, Medullosa and Caytonia.

4. General characters of Bennettitales; study of morphological details of Williamsonia, Williamsoniella and Bennettites.

Section-B

5. General characters of Pentoxylales and Cycadales. Morphological details of Pentoxylon, Nilssonia; morphology, anatomy, reproduction and life cycle of Cycas.

6. General characters of Cordaitales and Ginkgoales. Morpholoical details of Cordaites, Amyelon and Cordaitanthus. Morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Ginkgo, Ginkgo a living fossil.

7. General characters of Coniferales and Taxales; distinguishing characters of Pinus, Cedrus, Picea, Abies, Taxodium, Juniperus, Podocarpus, Cephalotaxus, Araucaria and Taxus. Morphology, anatomy, reproduction and polyembryony in Pinus.

8. General characters of Ephedrales, Welwitschiales and Gnetales, distinguishing characters of Ephedra, Gnetum and Welwitschia. Morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Ephedra.

Suggestive Reading:

1) Bhatnagar, S.P. and Moitra, A. Gymnosperms, New Age International Limited, New Delhi, 1996.

2) Coulter, J.M. and Chamberlain; C.J. Morphology of Gymnosperms, Chicago University, Press, Chicago, 1917.

3) Foster, A.S. and Gifford, E.N. Comparative Morphology of Vascular Plants (2nd Ed.), Freeman, San Francisco, 1974.

4) Kubitzki, K. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, (Vol. 1), Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1991.

5) Sharma, O.P. 2001. Gymnosperms, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut.

6) Sporne, K.R. 1974. The Morphology of Gymnosperms. B.I. Publications, Bombay.

7) Stewart, W.N. & Rathwell, G.W. 1993. Paleobotanhy and the Evolution of Plants, Cambridge Universities Press.

8) Stewart, W.N. 1983. Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants, Cambridge Univ. Press, London.

9) Vasishta, P.C. 2003. Gymnosperms, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

PAPER-XII: MORPHOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION OF ANGIOSPERMS

Maximum Marks: 60

Teaching Hours: 45

Pass Marks: 24

Duration of Paper: 3 hrs

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Section C will consist of 12 short-answer type questions, each of 2 marks, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 24 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all including compulsory question selecting two questions each from sections A and B of the question paper and the entire section C which is compulsory.

Section-A

1. Angiosperm diversity based on size, life span, habit, habitat and nutrition. Morphology of Root: characteristics, parts, types, modifications and functions.

2. Morphology of Stem and Leaf. Stem: characteristics, types, modification and functions. Leaf: characteristics, parts, phyllotaxy, venation, modification and functions.

3. Inflorescence and Flower: Inflorescence: Racemose, Cymose, Mixed types. Flower: Floral phyllotaxy, Calyx, Corolla, Stamens and Carpel.

4. Fruit and Seed. Fruit: Structure and types. Achenial, Capsular, Schizocarpic, Succulent and Aggregate and Composite. Importance of fruits. Seed: types, structure and functions.

Section-B

5. Microsporangium: Structure and development of anther and male gametophyte.

6. Megasporium: Structure, development and types of ovule. Megasporogenesis, structure and development of female gametophyte. Embryo sac types.

7. Pollination and Fertilization: Pollination: Self and Cross, advantages and disadvantages of self and cross pollination. Fertilization: structure of stigma and style, double fertilization. In vitro fertilization, Parthenogenesis

8. Embryo: Structure, development and types in Monocots and Dicots. A brief account on Suspensor. Endosperm: Structure, type, development and functions of endosperm.

Suggestive Reading:

1. Simpson, M.G. (2006). Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press, USA.

2. Bhojwani, S.S. and Bhatnagar (2007). The embryology of Angiosperms. Vikash Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Noida (UP).

3. Sharma, H.P. (2009). Plant Embryology (Classical and Experimental). Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

PAPER-XIII: TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS

Maximum Marks: 60

Teaching Hours: 45

Pass Marks: 24

Duration of Paper: 3 hrs

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Section C will consist of 12 short-answer type questions, each of 2 marks, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 24 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all including compulsory question selecting two questions each from sections A and B of the question paper and the entire section C which is compulsory.

Section-A

1. Introduction: Taxonomy and Systematics, Hierarchical Categories of Taxonomy. Classification of Angiosperms: History and Development. Some important artificial, natural and phylogenetic systems of classification, A detailed account on Bentham & Hooker’s and Hutchinson’s systems of classification

2. Plant Identification: Characters for Identification, Identification Keys, Binomial Nomenclature. Salient feature of ICBN (Principle, Rank of Taxa, Typification, Author Citation and Principle of Priority)

3. Modern Trends in Plant Taxonomy: Role of Anatomy, Cytology, Palynology, Embryology and Phytochemicals in Taxonomy. Alfa and Omega taxonomy. A brief account on Numerical Taxonomy.

4. Various technical terms used for the description of Flower. Criteria of primitive and Advanced Taxa of flowering plants. Elementary knowledge of Herbarium, Botanical Garden, BSI and GIS.

Section-B

5. Salient features and economic importance of the following Polypetalae Families: Ranunculaceae, Malvaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Rutaceae, Paplionaceae, Mimosaceae, Caeselpiniaceae, Rosaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

6. Salient features and economic importance of Gamopetalae Families: Asteraceae (Compositae), Asclepidiaceae, Apocynaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Acanthaceae, Labiatae,

7.Salient features and economic importance of following Monochlamydeae Families: Chenopodiaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Chenopodiaceae

8.Salient features and economic importance of the following Monocot Families: Orchidaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Liliaceae, Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae, Palmaceae and Poaceae.

Suggestive Reading:

1. Lawrence H.M. (1951). Taxonomy of Vascular Plants, The Macmillan Co., New York.

2. Chopra GL (2001). Plant Taxonomy. Pradeep Publications

3. Sharma, O.P. (2004). Plant Taxonomy. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Singh, G. (2006). Plant Systematics. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

PAPER-XIV: ECOLOGY

Maximum Marks: 60

Teaching Hours: 45

Pass Marks: 24

Duration of Paper: 3 hrs

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Section C will consist of 12 short-answer type questions, each of 2 marks, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 24 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all including compulsory question selecting two questions each from sections A and B of the question paper and the entire section C which is compulsory.

SECTION-A

1) Concept of Ecology: Sub divisions and scope, environmental factors: climatic, edaphic, topographic, biotic, ecological adaptations in hydrophytes, xerophytes, mesophytes and halophytes.

2) Concept of Ecosystem: energy flow in ecosystem, energy flow models, food chain, food web, ecological pyramids, productivity, biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P, S and H2O, law of minimum and law of tolerance.

3) Population Ecology: Characteristics, positive and negative population interaction, growth forms, carrying capacity, r-& K selection.

4) Communication Ecology: community characteristics, (analytic and synthetic) ecotones and edge effect, ecotypes, concepts of habitat and ecological niche.

SECTION-B

5) Ecological Succession: Causes, kinds of succession, hydrosere and xerosere, theories, significance, concept of climax.

6) Environmental pollution and climate change: causes, effect and control measures of air, water, soil, marine, thermal, nuclear and noise pollution.

7) Landscape Ecology: Landscape matrices, landscape patches and landscape corridors, landscape geometry.

8) Habitat Ecology: General account of ponds, lakes, springs, coral-reefs, mangrooves and estuaries, structure of terrestrial communities, major biomes.

Suggestive Reading:

1) Chapman, J.L. and Reiss, M.J. 1988. Ecology-Principles and Applications, Cambridge University, Press, U.K.

2) Kormondy, E.J. 1996. Concept of Ecology. Prentice- Hall of India, Private Ltd., New Delhi.

3) Odum, E.P., 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.

4) Odum, E.P. 1983. Basic Ecology, Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia.

5) Odum, E.P. and Barret, G.W. 2005. Fundamentals of Ecology, Thomson Brooks/Cole, United States.

6) Sharma, P.D. 1992. Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publ. Meerut.

7) Singh, J.S. Singh, S.P. and Sharda Gupta 2006. Ecology, Environment and Resource Conservation. Anamaya Puhlishers, New Delhi.

8) Smith, R.L. 1996. Ecology and Field Biology, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., New York.

9) Stiling, P. 1999. Ecology-Theoris and Applications, Prentice Hall Inc., London.

10) Tiwari, S.C., 1993. Concept of Modern Ecology, Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.

PAPER-XV: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Maximum Marks: 60

Teaching Hours: 45

Pass Marks: 24

Duration of Paper: 3 hrs

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Section C will consist of 12 short-answer type questions, each of 2 marks, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 24 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all including compulsory question selecting two questions each from sections A and B of the question paper and the entire section C which is compulsory.

SECTION-A

1. Basic Concepts: Basic concepts Bond, van der Walls interactions, resonance, hyperconjugation, aromaticity, inductive and field effects, hydrogen bonding. Curved arrows notation, drawing electron movements with half-headed and double headed arrows, homolytic and heterolytic bond breaking. Types of reagents of organic reaction. Energy considerations. Reactive intermediates-bocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with examples).

2.Alkanes, Cycloalkanes: Conformation of alkanes, cycloalkanes (ethane, butane, cyclohexane, mono and di substituted cyclohexane) sources, methods offormation (with special reference to Wurtz reaction, Kolbe reaction, Corey-House reaction and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids), physical properties and Mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes: orientation, reactivity and selectivity.

3. Arenes and Aromaticity: Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. The aryl group. Aromatic nucleus and side chain. Structure of benzene: molecular formula vand Kekule structure. Stability and carbon-carbon bond lengths of benzene, resonance structure, MO picture.

Aromaticity: the Huckel rule, aromatic ions. Aromatic electrophilic substitution-general pattern of the mechanism, role of σ and π complexes. Mechanism or nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, mercuration and Friedel-Crafts reaction. Energy profile diagrams. Activating and deactivating substituents, orientation and ortho/para ratio. Side chain reactions of benzene derivatives.

4. Alkenes: Nomenclature of alkenes (E, Z.), methods of formation, mechanisms and dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides regioselectivity in alcohol dehydration. The Saytzeffrule, Hofmanr elimination, physical properties and relative stabilities of alkenes. Chemical reactions of alkenes-mechanisms involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radical additions Markownikoff's rule, hydroboration-oxidation, oxymercuration reduction. Epoxidation, ozonolysis, hydration, hydroxylation and oxidation with KMnO4. Reaction with hypochlorous acid, epoxidation. Polymerization of alkenes. allylic substitution.

SECTION-B

5. Dienes And Alkynes : Nomenclature and classification of dienes: isolated, conjugated and cumulated dienes. Structure of allenes and butadiene, methods of formation, polymerization. Chemical reactions-I,2 and l,4 additions.

Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes. Methods of formation. Chemical reactions of alkynes, acidity in alkynes. Mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions, hydroboration-oxidation. metal-ammonia reductions, oxidation and polymerization. Diels-Alder Reaction (Brief view).

6. Alkyl and aryl halides: Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides, methods of formation chemical reactions. Mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides, SN2and SN1 reactions with energy profile diagrams. Solvent effect.

Methods of formation of aryl halides, nuclear and side chain reactions. The addition elimination and the elimination-additional mechanisms of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Relative reactivities of alkyl halides vs allyl, vinyl and aryl halides.

7. Carbonyl compounds Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic acids & Their derivatives: Preparation and chemical reactions Principles of nucleophillic addition to carbonyl groups: Hydration acetal formation, cyanohydrin formation; reactions with primary and secondary amines, wittig reaction, steroselective addition to carbonyl groups mechanism of halogenation, acid and base catalyzed chlorization, haloform reaction, aldol condensation, conjugate nucleophillic addition to unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Nucleophillic substitution of acids and their derivatives. H.V.Z reaction.

8. Infrared (IR): Infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy-molecular vibrations, Hooke's law, Selection rules, intensity and position of IR bands, measurement of IR spectrum, fingerprint region, characteristic absorption of various functional groups and Interpretation of IR spectra of simple organic compounds. Basic concept of UV, Electronic transitions, Selection rules.

Principles of NMR Spectroscopy, nuclear shielding and Chemical shift measurements chemical shift and molecular structure, interpreting proton NMR spectra, spin-spin splitting in NMR spectroscopy, patterns of spin-spin splitting, proton NMR spectra of alcohol.

Suggestive Reading:

1. R.T. Morison and R.N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.

2. LL. Finar, Organic Chemistry, Vol. I IV ed.

3. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions Mechanisms and Structure by J. March.

4. Schaum's Outlines Series Theory and Problems of Organic Chemistry.

5. Problems and their solution in Organic chemistry by LL. Finar, Modern Organic Chemistry by J.D. Robbert and M.C. Caserio.

6. Organic Chemistry by D.J. Cram and O.S. Hammond.

7. J.E. Banks, Naming Organic Compounds- Programmed Introduction to Organic Chemistry.

8. E.L. Eliel, Stereochemistry of carbon compounds.

9. W. Camp, Organic Spectroscopy.

10. F.A. Carey, Organic Chemistry.

M.Sc. (Honours) Botany (Five Year Integrated Course) Part-II (Semester-IV)

PAPER-XVI: CYTOGENETICS

Maximum Marks: 60

Teaching Hours: 45

Pass Marks: 24

Duration of Paper: 3 hrs

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Section C will consist of 12 short-answer type questions, each of 2 marks, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 24 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all including compulsory question selecting two questions each from sections A and B of the question paper and the entire section C which is compulsory.

Section A

1. Chromosome: Structure and nomenclature, Karyotype analysis and evolution, special type of chromosomes: B- chromosomes, polytene chromosomes, lampbrush chromosomes and sex chromosomes.

2. Structural variations in chromosomes: Origin and meiotic behaviour of duplications, deficiencies, inversions, translocations. Robertsonian translocations.

3. Euploidy: Origin and meiotic behaviour of haploids and polyploids, and their role in cytogenetics and plant breeding

4. Aneuploidy: general account of trisomics, monosomics, tetrasomics and nullisomics. Role of trisomics and monosomics in chromosome mapping.

Section B

5. Mendelian Laws, Non- Mendelian inheritance, gene interaction, test cross, quantitative inheritance, Chromosome theory of inheritance.

6. Population genetics: gene pool and gene frequency, equilibrium of gene frequencies, change in gene frequencies.

7. Origin of life: Origin of basic molecules, Concept of Oparin and Haldane, evolution of prokaryotes and origin of eukaryotic cell.

8. Basic points and drawbacks of evolutionary theories of Lamark, Darwin and DeVries, Synthetic Theory of evolution, molecular evolution. Evidences for organic evolution (Biogeographical, palaeontological, comparative anatomical, embryological and biochemical).

Suggestive Reading:

1. Arora, M.P. 2000. Organic Evolution, Himalaya Publishing House.

2. Brown, T.A. 1999. Genomes, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

3. Gupta, P.K. 1998. Cytogenetics, Rastogi Publishers, Meerut.

4. Karp,G. 1999. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, John Wiley & Sons Inc. USA.

5. Rastogi, V.B. 2003. Organic Evolution, Kedar Nath Ram Nath, Meerut.

6. Singh, B.D. 2009. Genetics, Kalyani Pulishers, Noida.

7. Swanson, C.P. 1972. Cytology and Cytogenetics, Macmillian India, New Delhi.

8. Weller, J.M. 1969. The Course of Evolution, McGraw-Hill Book Company.

PAPER-XVII: BASICS OF HORTICULTURE

Maximum Marks: 60

Teaching Hours: 45

Pass Marks: 24

Duration of Paper: 3 hrs

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Section C will consist of 12 short-answer type questions, each of 2 marks, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 24 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all including compulsory question selecting two questions each from sections A and B of the question paper and the entire section C which is compulsory.

SECTION-A

1. Importance, scope and classification of Horticulture. Importance, acreage, production, distribution and economic importance of fruit, vegetable and flower growing in India.

2. Climate as the limiting factor in Horticulture. Effect of soil, temperature, rainfall, humidity and light on cultivation of horticultural crops.

3. Climatic classification of fruits in Punjab & India. Principles of orchard planning. Selection of site and soil for establishing an orchard. Preparation of land, layout, planting system, planting distance and intercrop. Training and Pruning of fruits, methods and principles. Budding and grafting in fruit crops.

4. Cultivation practices of the important fruit crops. viz. Mango, Citrus, Pear, Peach, Plum, Guava and Grapes.

SECTION-B

5. Present status of cultivation of vegetable crops. Role of vegetable in human diet. Classification of vegetables. Climate and soil factor affecting the growth of vegetables. Vegetable forcing. Kitchen gardening.

6. Cultivation practices for important winter & summer vegetable crops of Punjab.

7. Importance and scope of floriculture in Punjab. Cut flower and flower seed production with special reference to exports. General cultivation of important winter, summer and rainy season annuals, Bulbous plants (Dahlia, Gladiolus, Lilium), Gerbera, Marigold, Carnation, Rose and Chrysanthemum.

8. Principles and concepts of Landscape gardening with special reference to art principles. Types of gardens. Famous gardens of India and their special feature of layout. Establishment and maintenance of lawns.

Suggestive Reading:

1. Arora, J.S. 2012. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture, 7th Ed. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

2. Package of Practices for Floriculture & Landscaping, PAU, Ludhiana.

3. Randhawa, G.S. and Mukhopadyay, A. 1986. Floriculture in India, Allied Publishers, New Delhi

4. Chauhan, D.V.S. Vegetable Production in India, 2nd Ed. Ram Prashad and Sons, Agra.

5. Package of Practices for Vegetable Crops, PAU, Ludhiana.

6. Bal, J.S. 2008. Fruit Growing, 2nd Ed. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

7. Bose, T.K. 1993. Vegetable Crops, Naya Prakosh, Kolkata.

8. Package of Practices for Fruit Crops, PAU, Ludhiana

9. Chattopadhyay, T.K. 2010. A Text book on Pomology, 3rd Ed. Kalyani Puhlishers, Ludhiana.

10. Gardner, V.R., Bradford, F.C. and Hooker, H.D. 1922. Fundamental of Fruit Production, McGrow Hill Book Company, New York.

11. Hartmann, H.T., Kester, D.E., Fred, T., Davies and Geneve, R.L. 2007. Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. 7th Ed. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

12. Chadha, K.L. and Bhattacharjee, S.K., 1985. Advances in Horticulture, Malhotra Publication House, New Delhi.

13. Handbook of Horticulture, Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture, ICAR, New Delhi.

PAPER-XVIII: PLANT ANATOMY & MORPHOGENESIS

Maximum Marks: 60

Teaching Hours: 45

Pass Marks: 24

Duration of Paper: 3 hrs

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Section C will consist of 12 short-answer type questions, each of 2 marks, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 24 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all including compulsory question selecting two questions each from sections A and B of the question paper and the entire section C which is compulsory.

Section-A

1. Tissue Systems: Epidermal: stomata, guard cells, idioblasts, trichomes, nectaries, hydathodes; Fundamental: parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma; Vascular system.

2. Meristem: Apical meristem - shoot apex, root apex and floral apex; Lateral meristem; Intercalary meristem.

3. Root & Stem: Structure of root and stem in monocots, dicots and gymnosperms; quiescent centre; root cap; plastochrone; ontogeny of primary vascular system, secondary growth in dicot stem and root; types of woods in relation to environment.

4. Leaf: Types, histology and development of monocot, dicot and gymnosperm leaf; Structural changes in leaf anatomy under xerophytic and hydrophytic conditions, stomatal complex and diversity of stomata.

Section-B

5. Plant Morphogenesis: Growth in general, cellular basis of growth- cell division, cell size, cell shape and plane of cell division; physiological and genetic correlation of morphogenesis.

6. Aspects of Organization: Polarity; Symmetry; Differentiation, De-differenteation, re-differentiation, cyto-differentiation; regeneration; totipotency.

7. Morphogenetic Factors: Physical factors; chemical factors; genetic factors.

8. In-vitro Morphogenesis: Stock-scion interrelations; chimeras; somatic mutations; apogamy, apospory; abnormal development of organs; production of new types of organized structures; amorphous structures.

Suggestive Reading:

1. Dickinson, W.C. 2000 Integrative Plant Anatomy. Harcourt Academic Press, USA.

2. Esau, K. 1977 Anatomy of Seed Plants. Wiley Publishers.

3. Fahn, A. 1974 Plant Anatomy. Pergmon Press, USA and UK.

4. Mauseth, J.D. 1988 Plant Anatomy. The Benjammin/Cummings Publisher, USA.

5. Sinnott, E.W. 1960 Plant Morphogenesis. McGraw Hill Book Company, New York

6. Taiz, L. & Zeiger, E. 2006 Plant Physiology. (4th edition) Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, M.A.

PAPER-XIX: BIOSTATISTICS AND COMPUTATIONAL SKILLS

Maximum Marks: 60

Teaching Hours: 45

Pass Marks: 24

Duration of Paper: 3 hrs

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Section C will consist of 12 short-answer type questions, each of 2 marks, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 24 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all including compulsory question selecting two questions each from sections A and B of the question paper and the entire section C which is compulsory.

SECTION-A

1. Statistical Methods: Collection of Data, distribution and graphical representation, measurement of central tendency, Arithmatic mean, Median, Mode and their empirical relationship.

2. Measures of dispersion, mean deviation, standard deviation, variance and coefficient of variation, correlation and regression

3. Sample statistics and parameters, population and null hypothesis, level of significance, X2- test, t-test

4. Analysis of variance- ANOVA, one-way, Two way ANOVA

SECTION-B

5. General ideas on computers, computer application in Biological Sciences.

6. Computer Basic: Introduction, Input and output devices, computer memory, hardware and software of computer, MS- window.

7. MS words, Excel, Power Point.

8. Internet and web browser, mail, and file transfer, Microsoft Office. Bioinformatics-Application and Prospects.

Suggestive Reading:

1) Chainy, G.B.N., Mishra, G. and Mohanty, P.K. 2008. Biostatics Theory and Applications, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

2) Rastogi, V.B. 2011. Fundamentals of Biostatics, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

3) Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi.

4) Singh, Sukhminder and Singh, T.P., Bansal, M.L. and Kumar, Rakesh, 1998 Statistical Methods the Research Workless, Kalyani Publishers,

.

5) Gurumani, N. 2008. An Introduction to Biostatistics, M.J.P. Publishers, Chennai,

6) Panse V. G. & Sukhatme, P.V. 1995. Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers, ICAR, New Delhi.,

PAPER-XX: LANGUAGE (OPTION-I)-PUNJABI

Maximum Marks: 60

Teaching Hours: 45

Pass Marks: 24

Duration of Paper: 3 hrs

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PAPER-XX: LANGUAGE (OPTION-II)-ENGLISH

Maximum Marks: 60

Teaching Hours: 45

Pass Marks: 24

Duration of Paper: 3 hrs

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

Candidates shall be required to attempt one question each from the sections A, B, C and D respectively and the entire section E shall be compulsory.

COURSE CONTENT

The texts prescribed for each of the Sections A, B, C and D and the allocation of marks thereof are given below:

SECTION-A (10 Marks)

The text prescribed for this section is Kaleidoscope: A Selection of English Poetry. Hyderabad: Universities Press, 1989. rpt. 2004. The following poems from this anthology are prescribed:

1. On His Blindness—John Milton

2. The Village Schoolmaster—Oliver Goldsmith

3. The Tyger—William Blake

4. The Solitary Reaper—William Wordsworth

5. Kubla Khan—S.T. Coleridge

6. To A Skylark—P.B. Shelley

7. La Belle Dame Sans Merci—John Keats

8. Dover Beach—Matthew Arnold

9. The Listeners—Walter de la Mare

10. Night of the Scorpion—Nissim Ezekiel

In this section, there shall be one essay-type question with internal alternative on development of thought, chief ideas, central message or summary of the prescribed poem from Kaleidoscope. This question shall be of 10 marks and the answer should not exceed 350 words.

SECTION-B (10 Marks)

The text prescribed for this section is Kaleidoscope: A Selection of English Poetry. The poems which are to be studied from this anthology are the same as mentioned above in Section A.

This section shall comprise one question of two parts. In part (i), candidates shall explain two stanzas with reference to context out of three stanzas taken from different poems from Kaleidoscope. Each stanza shall be of 2 marks. (2x2 = 4 marks). In part (ii), candidates shall attempt three short-answer questions out of the given five pertaining to the poems from Kaleidoscope. Each question shall carry 2 marks and shall be attempted in about 40-50 words each.

(2x3 = 6 marks).

SECTION-C (10 Marks)

The text prescribed for this section is:

The Students' Companion by Wilfred D. Best. New Delhi: Rupa & Co., 1958. 29th impression, 1994.

The following portions of this book are prescribed:

Single words for phrases and sentences as per the following categories:

(i) Words pertaining to the Church

(ii) Words pertaining to Marriage

(iii) Word pertaining to Sciences and Arts

(iv) Words pertaining to the Medical Profession

(v) Words pertaining to Death

The paper-setter shall set fifteen phrases, of one mark each, from the prescribed categories for Single Words from The Students' Companion mentioned above. Candidates shall attempt ten of these and provide single words for the phrases.

(1x 10= 10 marks)

SECTION-D (10 Marks)

The texts prescribed for this section are:

1. Intermediate English Grammar by Raymond Murphy, Second Edition. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 22nd rpt., 2001. Units 52 to 90 are prescribed.

2. Intermediate English Grammar Supplementary Exercises by Louise Hashemi and Raymond Murphy. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Fourth reprint, 2000. Relevant Exercises based on Units 52 to 90 are prescribed.

This section shall comprise only one question. Candidates shall be examined on the material included in the exercises from Unit 52 to Unit 90 in Intermediate English Grammar and also on relevant exercises in Intermediate English Grammar Supplementary Exercises. Paper-setter shall set 15 sentences evenly distributed over the exercises of the prescribed units and candidates shall be required to attempt 10 sentences. Each sentence shall carry one mark only.

(1x10 = 10 marks).

SECTION-E (20 Marks)

This section shall cover the entire syllabus of the previous four sections—A, B, C and D. It shall carry a weightage of 20 marks and there shall be no choice in any of the parts thereof. There shall be only one question in this section which shall have four parts.

In part (i), paper-setter shall set four short-answer questions based on the poems from Kaleidoscope. Each question shall be of 1 marks and each answer shall be of 30-40 words. (1x4 = 4 marks).

In part (ii), paper-setter shall set four phrases, of one mark each, from prescribed categories of the Single Words from The Student’s Companion mentioned in Section C above for providing single words for phrases or sentences. Candidates shall attempt all the four words. (1x4 = 4 marks).

In part (iii), paper-setter shall set six sentences, of one mark each, from the prescribed units of Intermediate English Grammar and Supplementary Exercises. Candidates shall attempt all the ten sentences.

(1x6 = 6 marks).

In part (iv), paper-setter shall set an unseen passage of about 150 words for reading comprehension. There shall be three questions, of two marks each, based on this passage. The answer to each question shall not exceed 50 words. Candidates shall attempt all the five questions. (2x3 = 6 marks).

1