Orchestrating future mobility

The year is 2018 and there are still no cars flying above our cities. Yet the dream persists, with passenger drone prototyping underway. And the vision is strong,

bringing together the symbolism of automobile freedom, with promises of the speed and fluidity of airspace. But with passenger travel distance expected to double by 2050, it is not to the sky that we should look to achieve the dream of cities freed of traffic jams and fossil-fuel pollution. Rather, it’s on the ground that this future will play out – and it has every means to succeed.

First, because transport solutions have become widely ­diversified:­light­electric­vehicles­and­on-demand­offerings­(taxis,­ride-sharing­services,­cars,­scooters­and­free-floating­bikes)­ are­ increasing,­ reinforcing­ capacitive­ transport­ networks.

Secondly,­because­digital­technology­– Internet­of­Things­(IoT),­high-speed­­networks,­platforms,­smartphones­and­Mobility­as­a­Service­(MaaS)­–­makes­the­information­flow­between those services and their operators, transport ­authorities­and­passengers­possible­today.

And­finally,­because­the­maturity­of­analysis­systems­and­data­processing­allow­for­consistency­between­all­the­various­­transport­offerings­and­a­true­added­value,­providing­the­ opportunity to collaborate.

There­ is,­ however,­ one­ condition:­ the­ orchestration­ of­­transport­modes­must­be­supported­by­robust­systems­strong­enough­to­anticipate­breakdowns,­optimise­material­­resources­and­­passenger­flow,­prepare­for­planned­events­and­­respond­to­ unexpected­ ones­ (like­ weather,­ sporting­ events,­ or­­demonstrations,­etc.).­A­masterful­orchestration­able­to­keep­the­promise­of­improved­mobility­is­what­Alstom­is­deploying­in collaboration with transport authorities, to embrace the era­of­multi­modality.

E D I T O R I A L

Sylvie BordeMarket­&­Portfolio­Director,­

Alstom

How­to­move­forward­ with multimodality?

4

E X P E R T S I N T H I S I S S U E

Greg Lindsay Senior Fellow,

NewCities

Alexis ChavelasVice President, Security & City

Mobility, Alstom

Piia KarjalainenCoordinator,

MaaS Alliance, ­ERTICO­–­ITS­Europe­

Dr Johanna TzanidakiDirector,­Innovation­ &­Deployment,

ERTICO­–­ITS­Europe

Rémi Rovira Director,­Madrid­Innovation­&­Development­Centre,­

Alstom

Pablo Santiago Madrid Innovation

Programme­Manager,­ Alstom

Laurent MezziniDirector,­City­Flow­ &­Energy­Solutions,­

Alstom

Alvaro Urech Innovation­Manager,­

Alstom

Juan-Carlos Villalba­Data­Analytics­Group­Manager,­

Alstom

Pascal Poisson Open­Innovation­Manager,­ Alstom­Digital­Mobility

Barbara Venchiarutti Project Leader,

Alstom

Dr Susan ShaheenDirector,­Sustainable­

Transportation­&­Research,­ UC Berkeley

Adam CohenResearch Associate, Innovative

Mobility Research Group, UC Berkeley

Dr Chris RogersProfessor,­University­ of­Birmingham­

Dr Lidia Montero Project Leader, Barcelona Virtual

Mobility Lab and Associate Professor,­University­of­Barcelona

5

S E L E C T E D Q U O T E S

“Combining­all­transport­modes­and­city­services­ and­establishing­interaction­between­them­will­deliver­

the­greatest­added­value.”Alexis Chavelas

Vice Pres ident , Secur i ty & C i ty Mobi l i ty, A ls tom

“Operators­and­transport­authorities­ require­the­right­tools­to­coordinate­and­manage­these crises as quickly and efficiently­as­possible.”

Juan-Car los Vi l la lba Data­Analyt ics ­Group­Manager, ­A ls tom

“For­some­cities,­big­data­analytics­may­be­able­to­improve­the­operational­efficiency­of­the­transportation­

network.”Adam Cohen,

Research Assoc iate , Innovat ive Mobi l i ty Research Group, UC Berke ley

“Transit­authorities­need­to­embrace­innovation­ if­they­want­multi­modality­to­be­stronger­than­any­single­

mode­of­transport.”Greg L indsay,

Senior Fe l low, NewCit ies

“By­combining­physical­mobility­with­data,­ we­can­improve­transport­through­better­planning­

and­management­of­services.”Pi ia Kar ja la inen

Coord inator, ­MaaS­A l l iance, ­ERTICO­–­ ITS­Europe

6

C O N T E N T S

Urbanisation and the future of mobility

Smart solutions for seamless mobility

Editorial 03

Experts in this issue and selected quotes 04

InterviewThe future of mobility 08

DataHow people move 09

AnalysisCongestion: public enemy number one? 10

Deep­diveFuture cities: a farewell to individual cars? 11

Data3 settings for future mobility 13

DataHow millennials travel in the USA 14

Deep­diveThe digital key to smart transport 16

Deep­diveHow data can change the way people move 18

AnalysisTowards MaaS 20

AnalysisThe smart journey is an open journey 21

Case studyParis: simulating smart transport 22

Case studyTuscany: learning to orchestrate the city 23

AnalysisWhat does it take to model an urban ecosystem? 24

InfographicThe smart journey 25

Part one Urbanisation and the

future of mobility

8

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 1

“An advanced city is not a place where the poor move about in cars, rather it’s where even the rich use public transpor-tation,” said Enrique Penalosa1, the mayor of Bogota, Colombia, who has transformed the city’s transit system by introducing a bus rapid transit system and hundreds of kilometres of bike lanes, among other innovations.

However,­as­Mr­Penalosa­and­others­have­found,­creating­a­well-functioning­public­transport­system­that­spans­multiple­modes­is­easier­said­than­done.­The­key­to­bringing­about­true­multimodal­transport­may­be­the­advent­of­new­business­models,­which­are­starting­to­appear­in­some­cities,­such­as­Helsinki.­The­Finnish­capital­aims­to­make­it­unnecessary­for­any city resident to own a private car by 2025.

As stated by consultancy Deloitte2,­“the­goal­is­to­make­it­so­convenient­for­users­to­get­around­that­they­opt­to­give­up­their­personal­vehicles­for­city­commuting,­not­because­they’re­ forced­ to,­ but­ because­ the­ alternative­ is­more­­appeal­­ing.”­The­hope­is­that­this­will­lead­to­cities­that­are­less­congested,­less­polluted,­safer­and­easier­to­get­around,­as­well­as­being­more­environmentally­friendly,­because­there­are­fewer­cars,­being­used­more­efficiently,­while­public­trans-port­becomes­a­more­attractive­option.­Is­this­the­likely­future­for­cities?­We­asked­Greg­Lindsay,­a­senior­fellow­at­­NewCities,­an­international­non-profit­organisation­dedicated­to­making­cities more inclusive, connected, healthy and vibrant.

WHAT DEFINES MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT?Multimodal­transport­needs­to­facilitate­multiple­layers­of­people­moving­at­different­velocities.­You­will­always­want­heavy­rail­for­the­core­trunk­routes,­but­beyond­this,­there­is­much­more­flexibility­to­introduce­measures­such­as­­dedicated­bus­lanes­and­bike­lanes,­along­with­more­autonomous­­vehicles.­If­you­can­create­a­smart­city­that­helps­people­move­across­the­city­more­fluently,­it­will­bring­people­together,­help­them­find­and­access­the­goods­and­services­they­need­and­encourage­greater­citizen­participation­by­expanding­the­­us­­­able­space­of­cities­and­connecting­disconnected­neigh-bourhoods­to­the­rest­of­the­city.

WHAT IS THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT?The­biggest­challenge­of­multimodal­transport­–­and­the­key­to­its­success­–­will­be­getting­hold­of­the­information­needed­to­make the entire system run smoothly, policy makers should be thinking­about­how­they­can­orchestrate­the­whole­system­and­use­their­regulatory­muscle­to­get­vehicle­makers­to­participate­in­this.­There­are­competing­apps­out­there,­so­you­don’t­have­a­unified­system.­It­is­possible­to­have­a­seamless­system,­but­everyone­seems­determined­to­slug­it­out­in­their­different­silos.

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES?It­is­crucial­that­public­transport­remains­at­the­heart­of­city­mobility,­rather­than­having­fleets­of­autonomous­vehicles­looking­for­passengers,­which­could make congestion even worse­than­it­is­today.­Transit­authorities need to embrace innovation­if­they­want­multi-modality­to­be­stronger­than­any­single­mode­of­transport.­The­municipal­government­has to retain authority through­ the­ public­ transit­­operator.­ You­ need­ an­­authority­that­sees­itself­as­a­­mobility­manager­rather­than­just a body that makes the trains run on time.

WILL AUTONOMOUS CARS RULE THE FIRST-MILE/LAST-MILE SEGMENT? I­don’t­think­the­future­is­the­car.­Free-floating­bike­sharing­could­be­part­of­a­viable­last-mile­solution. As­cities­prepare­for­the­future,­they­will­need­to­identify­transport­solutions­that­fit­their­own­unique­set­of­needs.­But­whatever­solutions­emerge,­a­multimodal­public­transport­system­that­allows­people­to­move­seamlessly­from­one­form­of­transport­to­another­will­be­at­the­heart­of­future­mobility.

Expert: Greg Lindsay, Senior Fellow, NewCities

The­future­of­mobility lies in multimodal solutions and smart cities

“You­need­an­authority­that­sees­itself­as­ a­mobility­manager.”Greg L indsay, Senior Fe l low, NewCit ies

Interview:Greg L indsay

Population: 3,574,830

Average annual metro population growth: 0.1%% of population under 20: 15.0

Population density: 3,948/km2

Population: 18,954,313

Average annual metro population growth: 0.4%% of population under 20: 24.4

Population density: 2,121/km2

Population: 8,181,047

Average annual metro population growth: 1.2%% of population under 20: 33.6

Population density: 5,155/km2

Population: 22,065,215

Average annual metro population growth: 2.0%% of population under 20: 41.8

Population density: 6,610/km2

Analysis area: Capital District

Analysis area: National Capital Territory, Faridabad, Gurugram, Ghaziabad, and Noida

Analysis area: New York (NY-NJ-CT) urbanised area

Analysis area: Greater Berlin, including some parts of Brandenburg regionBERLIN

PRIVATE CAR30%

WALKING31%

WALKING35%

PUBLIC TRANSIT22%

BICYCLE13%

JOURNEY MODAL SPLIT

BOGOTÁ

JOURNEY MODAL SPLIT

NEW YORK

JOURNEY MODAL SPLIT

DELHI

JOURNEY MODAL SPLIT

PRIVATE CAR57%

WALKING6%

PUBLIC TRANSIT35%

BICYCLE1%

OTHER1%

OTHER4%

OTHER1%

OTHER21%

PRIVATE CAR13%

WALKING46%

PUBLIC TRANSIT36%

BICYCLE4%

PRIVATE CAR9%

PUBLIC TRANSIT31%

BICYCLE4%

a glimpse into 4 global citiesHOW­PEOPLE­MOVE:

Sources: Deloitte­City­Mobility­Index­2018.­How­Cities­Perform,­Data­Matrix,­LSE­Cities­Urban­Age.

10

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 1

Congestion is a bane of modern life, but in a world that seems to be designed around the motor car, it is frequently seen as an inevitable price to pay for progress and too difficult to solve. Nevertheless, the statistics are staggering: in 2017, commuters in Los Angeles, the world’s most congested city, spent over 100 hours3 each in traffic jams.

“Congestion­can­reduce­productivity­and­economic­growth.­It­is­often­correlated­with­air­pollution,­a­common­cause­and­contributor to health problems such as asthma. Additionally, congestion­reduces­the­quality­of­life­in­regions­as­more­time­is­spent­ in­traffic­than­with­families,­work,­or­recreational­­activities,”­says­Dr­Susan­Shaheen,­Sustainable­­Transportation­and­Research­Director­at­UC­Berkeley.­By­2030,­it­is­estimated­that­congestion­will­cost­Americans­$186­billion4.

However,­new­technologies­such­as­the­Internet­of­Things­(IoT),­autonomous­vehicles­and­smart­city­infrastructure­give­hope­that­smart­cities­of­the­future­may­be­less­congested.­Much­of­the­conversation­on­congestion­focuses­on­making­it­easier­for­cars­to­get­around­the­city.­

But­focusing­just­on­cars­could­make­congestion­worse,­not­better,­says­Dr­David­Hensher­of­the­University­of­­Sydney’s­Institute­of­Transport­and­Logistics­Studies.­Despite­optimism­about shared mobility options5­like­ride-hailing­as­a­solution­to­congestion,­these­services­are­actually­expected­to­increase­traffic.­Instead­of­centring­congestion­solutions­on­cars,­autho­rities­should­focus­on­bringing­different­parts­of­the­transportation­system­–­including­rail,­trams,­bikes­and­­walking­–­together,­to­enable­seamless­travel­around­cities.

BEYOND A FOCUS ON PRIVATE VEHICLES“We­need­to­stop­looking­just­at­cars.­What­if­there­was­a­smart­infrastructure­that­connected­road,­rail,­and­other­modes­of­transportation­in­such­a­way­that­all­of­them­worked­together­to­serve­the­mobility­needs­of­the­modern­urban­population?”­Dr­Hensher­writes­in­a­recently­published­paper,­‘Tackling­road­congestion­–­what­might­it­look­like­in­the­future?’6 cities should provide­more­Transit­Oriented­Development­(TOD)­–­compact,­walkable,­ pedestrian-oriented,­mixed-use­ communities­

­centred­around­high-quality­train­systems­that­allow­people­to­live­and­work­without­total­dependence­on­a­car­for­mobility­and­survival.­According­to­the­TOD­­Institute,­transit-oriented­development­can­minimise­driving­by up­to­85%7,­reducing­con-gestion­considerably.­While­Europe­is­generally­ahead­in­terms­of­TOD,­some­North­American­cities­like­­Toronto,­Washington­D.C.­and­­Portland,­Oregon­have made the approach a priority8.

“TOD­can­improve­public­health­by­reducing­congestion­and­encouraging­walking,­enhance­­local­economies­by­lowering­transportation­costs­and­time­spent­in­traffic,­and­help­­cities­reduce air emissions and achieve­climate­action­goals.TOD­works­best­in­communities­with­strong­public­transpor-tation­networks,”­says­Adam­ Cohen, Research Associate at UC Berkeley’s Innovative Mobility Research Group.

As­cities­look­to­tackle­conges-tion,­it’s­best­to­avoid­a­‘one-size-fits-all’­ approach,­ and­consider the variations in each local­ context,­ according­ to­Mr­­Cohen:­“For­some­cities,­big­data analytics may be able to improve­the­operational­effi-ciency­of­the­transportation­network. In other cases, it may be­ leveraging­ underused­­capa­­c­­­­­ity­in­the­system­through­shared­mobility.­Elsewhere,­­increasing­occupancy­through­pooling­or­capacity­enhance-ments­may­be­appropriate.­The­precise­solution­will­really­­depend­on­city-specific­characteristics.”­

Experts: Dr Susan Shaheen, Director, Sustainable Transportation & Research, and Adam Cohen, Research Associate, Innovative Mobility Research Group, University of California, Berkeley

Congestion:public enemy number one?

“For­some­cities,­big­data analytics may be able to improve the operational­efficiency­of­the­transportation­network.”Adam Cohen, Research Assoc iate , Innovat ive Mobi l i ty Research Group, UC Berke ley

Experts :Adam Cohen and Dr Susan Shaheen

11

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 1

We live in a car-centric world, where infrastructure, housing, government policy and huge parts of the global economy are geared towards catering to the needs of private car owners, but there are signs that the future may be different.

The­success­of­the­car­came­to­be­seen­as­inevitable­and­“consequently, cities have been remade and remodelled to­fit­the­car­system,”­write­researchers­from­the­­Liveable­Cities­programme,­in­its­publication­The­Little­Book­of­Car Free Cities9.­There­are­close­to­1­billion­cars­around­the­world,­and­with­current­trends,­this­figure­is­­expected­to­grow­to­2­billion­within­a­couple­of­decades.­

They­add­that­“the­‘rights­of­the­drivers’­and­car­owners­appear­to­remain­protected­by­government­policy;­that­is,­the­personal­freedom­to­own­a­vehicle­and­to­drive­it­when,­wherever­and­how­often­the­driver­wishes.”­

Until­recently,­this­car-centric­world­has­been­largely­unchallenged,­but­there­are­signs­that­this­is­changing­because­of­a­combination­of­the­pollution­and­conges-tion­which­cars­cause,­technological­advances­such­as­big­data­and­artificial­intelligence,­the­development­of­electric­and­autonomous­vehicles­and­shifting­attitudes­towards­cars­and­driving.­

SEEKING CHANGE: FROM TECHNOLOGY TO MINDSETSTransport­authorities­looking­to­encourage­residents­and­visitors­ to­use­multiple­modes­of­ transport­are­starting­to­harness­the­best­available­technologies­to­coordinate­all­the­different­types­of­public­transport,­as­well­as­road­traffic,­to­make­journeys­easier,­shorter­and­more convenient.

They­will­need­to­use­the­latest­advanced­data­analytics­and­algorithms­to­predict­and­anticipate­traffic­flows­and­the­ impact­on­customers’­ journeys,­reacting­to­changes­in­circumstances­to­provide­users­with­the­best­options­ for­ completing­ their­ journeys.­ These­ new­

systems will also enable new mobility services, such as MaaS*,­ by­ providing­ information­ for­ on-demand­­services­such­as­car­sharing,­self-service­bicycles,­taxis­and­park­and­ride­facilities.

However,­changing­the­way­people­move­around­cities­will­require­not­just­the­development­and­integration­of­new­technologies­but­also­a­change­in­mindset.­As­the­ thinktank­ CityLab­ says:­ “Local­ transportation­­officials­ and­planners­ now­place­ a­ larger­ focus­ on­­offering­ many­ modes­ of­ travel­ and­ consider­­quality-­­of-life­rather­than­simply­encouraging­driving­

Future­cities:­a farewell to individual cars?

Expert :Dr Chr is Rogers

*­‘The­integration­of­various­forms­of­transport­services­into­a­single­mobility­service­accessible­on­demand,’­MaaS Alliance.

12

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 1

everywhere.­ Yet­ continued­ reductions­ in­ driving­­require­true­­multimodality:­rather­than­relying­on­one­mode­of­­transportation,­or­expecting­that­most­driving­trips­can­be­substituted­for­transit­trips,­people­need­to­ be­ able­ to­ choose­ from­ a­ network­ of­ options,­­­including­not­­travelling­at­all.”­

But­the­change­of­mindset­is­essential,­according­to­Dr­Chris­Rogers­of­the­University­of­Birmingham­in­the­UK.­“A­car-free­city­depends­on­the­willingness­of­the­population­to­understand­all­of­the­consequences­of­privately-owned­cars,­and­to­be­aware­that­just­because­they­have­always­done­things­this­way,­it­doesn’t­mean­that’s­the­best­way­to­do­it.”

SIGNS OF A SHIFT?According­to­Liveable­Cities,­millennials,­especially­in­the­US,­ increasingly­want­ to­ live­ in­dense,­diverse­­communities­where­they­can­walk,­cycle­and­get­around­by public transport, particularly as social media ­technologies­replace­dependence­on­automobiles.­The­proportion­of­young­Americans­with­driving­licences­stood at about 92%­ in­ 1984;­ it­ has­ since­ dropped­15­ ­percentage­points10. “Car travel appears to have peaked­and,­in­some­cases,­it­has­been­declining,”­it­says.

Dr­Rogers­points­out­that­in­a­city­such­as­London,­“the­benefits­that­a­private­car­brings­are­largely­catered­for­by­other­means.­If­you­want­to­go­across­country,­you­can­hire­a­car.­If­you­want­to­go­across­town­you­can­go­by­bus,­metro,­bike­or­Uber.”

The­challenge,­he­adds,­is­to­determine­what­it­would­take­to­change­cities,­beyond­London.­Good­planning­can­help.­Urban­design­is­starting­to­encourage­other­modes­of­transport,­including­parking­restrictions­and­tariffs,­pedestrianised­city­centres,­bus­and­bike­lanes,­Bus­ Rapid­ Transit,­ public­ bike­ schemes­ and­ road­­pricing/congestion­charging.­In­Beijing,­81%­of­shared­bikes­are­used­around­public­transportation­stops.­The­figure­rises­to­90%­in­Shanghai11.­A­good­fit­between­bikes­and­public­transit­solutions­has­an­impact:­the­number­of­car­journeys­of­five­kilometres­or­less­in­both­cities­since­shared­bikes­became­­available­saw­a­5%­drop.

But­such­measures­will­only­be­effective­if­they­make­going­car-free­socially­desirable,­Dr­Rogers­says.­“The­questions­you­have­to­answer­are:­‘what­do­I­use­my­car­for?’­and­‘what­do­I­want­to­do?’.­People­want­to­move around the city as they desire, or not move around because the service they want can come to them

­instead.­They­want­on-demand­movement­in­a­vehicle­that­is­suitably­comfortable.­This­may­involve­some­kind­of­taxi­service,­but­there­may­also­be­a­‘smart’­element­to­it,­telling­travellers­that­if­they­delay­their­trip­by­10­minutes,­it­may­be­quicker.”

STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCEThere­will­need­to­be­a­mix­of ­ so lut ions­ between­­in-vehicle­and­infrastruc-ture­ technologies­ to­help­ people move around the city,­ Dr­ Rogers­ stresses.­“The­ system­ needs­ to­­inform­ people­ about­ the­ambient conditions, how long­their­journey­will­take­and­the­risk­of­disruption,­so they can take alterna-tive­ routes­ or­ modes­ of­­transport.”

The­cities­of­the­future­will­need­alternative­business­models in which public transport coexists with inter-connected­green­corridors­with­space­for­walking­and­cycling.­Nonetheless,­multimodality­is­a­key­challenge,­­Dr­­Rogers­adds.­“It­is­difficult­to­get­people­to­accept­using­different­ways­of­travelling­within­one­journey,­because they have invested so much in the motor car. But­it’s­a­perception­thing­–­if­you­change­people’s­mindsets­so­they­don’t­think:­‘I’m­stuck­in­a­taxi’­but­­­‘I­am­being­­chauffeur-driven­everywhere’,­it’s­much­more­attractive.”­

Expert: Dr Chris Rogers, Professor, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Future cities: a farewell to individual cars?

90% shared bikesused around public transportation stops in­Shanghai

Clean & shared Private autonomy

High-income, dense metropolitan areas E.g.:­Chicago,­Hong­Kong,­London,­Singapore

Developing, densely populated cities with high pollution and rapid urbanisation

High income, suburban sprawl areasE.g.:­Sydney,­Houston,­German­Ruhr­area

Setting #1

Setting #2 Setting #3

2030

INDEXED

INDEXED INDEXED

2015

2015 20152030 2030

PASSENGER­KM­TRAVELLED

VEHICLES­KM­TRAVELLED

VEHICLE PARC100%

2% 98%

49% 42% 8%

86%14%

56%44%

8%34%27%31%

60% of­which­EVs 40%­of­which­self-driving

Less public transport

Private car still dominant

Limited private car ownership

Shift towards autonomous & electric

vehicles

CLEANER TRANSPORT & SHARED-MULTIMODAL

MOBILITY

PUBLIC TRANSIT BACKBONE

DOOR-TO-DOOR & ON-DEMAND

CHEAP, FLEXIBLE & SEAMLESS

Source: An­Integrated­Perspective­on­the­Future­of­Mobility,­McKinsey.

Social benefits through 2030:$3,300 per­person­–­boosting­2030­GDP­by­0.9­percent

2%

3%

1%37% 78%17% 5%20% 75%53% 18%51% 19%

97% 62% 96%38% 4%

10% 2%10% 2%

Passenger­km­travelled Passenger­km­travelledPassenger­km­travelled Passenger­km­travelled

Vehicles km travelled Vehicles km travelledVehicles km travelled Vehicles km travelled

Vehicle parc Vehicle parcVehicle parc Vehicle parc

100% 100%91% 99%9% 1%

42% of­which­EVs 34%­of­which­EVs3%­of­which­self-driving 32% of­which­self-driving

Social benefits through 2030:$2,800 per­person­–­mostly­in­the­form­of­improved­safety

1% 99%

Social benefits through 2030: $7,400 per­person­–­boosting­2030­GDP­by­3.9%

Seamless mobility

+30%

+37%

-7%

Cleaner transport & shared-multimodal

mobility

Human-driven cars, two-wheelers,

electric mini-buses

Expansion of public transit

Increased congestion

+86%

+59%

+63%

+25%

+35%

+8%

BLURRED PRIVATE- SHARED-PUBLIC

TRANSPORT MODE BOUNDARIES

$

Shared car Private car Public transit Walking/cycling

for future mobility3­SETTINGS

1%

the generational shift

The multimodal generation

US­millennials­use­multiple­modes­of­transportation to reach a destination at least a­few­times­a­week. Millennials in these cities average 3 modes per trip.

HOW­MILLENNIALS­TRAVEL­IN­THE­USA:

69%

38%

By 2050, there will be a projected 74.3 million millennials in the US.

Looking to the future

Their transport preferences:

10 years from now, millennials want to see transport options that:

And are:

4 in 5 3 in 4 84%would like to live in a city where­they­could­get­around without a car

Help­take­advantage­of­‘alternative’­transport­options­(bike-share,­walking,­etc.)­

61% 55% 44% 38%

Help optimise the entire travel experience­across­different­options and locations

Provide transport options based­on­factors­(weather,­costs, etc.)

Share­using­at­least­once/week

50%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

said­neighbourhoods­without transit access were less­appealing­places­to­live

would like more transit options

Sources:Pew Research CenterMove ForwardOracleU.S. PIRGAmerican­Public­Transportation­Association

BICYCLE

BUS

SUBWAY, LIGHT RAIL, STREET CAR, OR TROLLEY

Saves money

Best­option­logistically/shortest travel time

More convenient

Exercise

WALKING

DRIVING A CAR

Top­5­preferred­modes:

Why multimodal?TOP 4 reasons:

42%­

42%­

42%­

32%­

MORE RELIABLE

ABLE TO PROVIDE REAL-TIME UPDATES

MORE USER- FRIENDLY AND INTUITIVE

MORE PRECISE

BIKE

WALK­

TRANSIT

44% 43%

MILLENNIALS GEN­X BABY­BOOMERS WAR­BABIES

20%19%

47%

8%

46%

16% 11%6%10%

41%

5%

31%

Millennials’ transport experience differs from other generations

Part two Smart solutions for

seamless mobility

16

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2

Smart digital solutions can help enhance the performance of high-capacity public transport modes, as well as work seamlessly with both established and new mobility services.

Given­urban­population­growth­and­concerns­over­air­pollution­and­road­congestion,­there­is­a­strong­need­today­to­boost­the­efficiency­of­existing­high-capacity­public­ transport­modes, like the metro, commuter rail, buses and­trams.­Digital­systems­can­help­meet­this­demand­without­the­need­for­massive­­financial­investment.Today’s­digital-driven,­multimodal­transport­solutions­can­improve­the­capacity­and­fluidity­of­an­existing­asset­through­a­number­of­different­capabilities,­such­as:

Experts :Alex is Chavelas and Laurent Mezzin i

•­­Advanced­signalling­systems:­enabling­more­trains­per­hour­on­the­same­infrastructure­to­boost­throughput;­•­Flow­management­systems:­for­transport­service­ lines,­ real-time­ train­ occupancy­­systems­ that­ inform­ passengers­ which­­coaches­are­less­crowded;­•­Data­and­predictive­maintenance:­a­fault­can­be­identified­before­it­occurs;­hence­the­transport service line in question is less disrupted;­•­Centralised­operation­control­centres­for­­inci­dent­reaction:­with­video­analytics­and­data, the operator knows the precise situation

of­every­line­and,­in­case­of­an­incident,­is­able­to­trigger­a­ response that is both rapid and coordinated. Consequently, any issue is quickly detected and resolved with limited impact on

The digital key to smart transport

“Connectivity is key to this new

multimodal vision, and­to­making­

this coordination possible.”

Laurent Mezzin i Director, ­C i ty ­F low­&­Energy ­So lut ions ,­

Alstom

17

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2

lines.­“From­the­passenger­perspective,­using­all­these­digital­solutions­makes­the­transport­system­flow­more­smoothly,­meaning­trains­are­less­crowded­and­arrive­on­time,”­says­Alexis­Chavelas,­Vice­President­of­­Security­&­City­Mobility­at­Alstom.

CONNECTING EXISTING MODESBeyond­ enhancing­ existing­ transport­­capabilities,­ digital­ allows­ for­ all­ of­ the­­different­modes­to­be­brought­together.­This­development­means­both­passengers­and­operators are linked to the system as a whole. And­the­latter­can­now­manage­the­city­trans-port network as one. “Connectivity is key to this­new­multimodal­vision,­and­to­making­this­coordination­possible,”­points­out­­Laurent­Mezzini,­ ­Director­ of­ City­ Flow­&­ Energy­­Solutions­at­Alstom.­“Today­cities­can­provide­a multimodal seamless service because they can make all modes talk to each other and­­coordinate­them.”

Having­a­connected­system­in­place­­allows­operators­to­provide­passengers­with­the­ options they need to make a decision when extreme­ circumstances­ arise­ that­ affect­ mobility, like public transport strikes or ­unexpected­weather­conditions.­­Passengers­­increasingly­expect­transport­services­to­­anticipate­heightened­traffic­and­suggest­alternate­routes­via­different­available­modes,­be it bus, bike, taxi or otherwise.

To­meet­this­mobility­service­need,­Alstom­has­developed­Mastria, its multimodal city mobility supervision and ­optimisation­system­that­seamlessly­integrates­all­mobility­modes­–­from­metro­and­suburban­trains­to­first/last-mile­services­provided­by­shuttle­buses,­bike­sharing­and­parking.­“Mastria­connects­information­to­better­anticipate­and­adapt transport options and capacity to demand, to meet the­ needs­ of­ transport­ authorities­ to­ operate­ several­­transport­modes­in­a­­centralised­and­coordinated­way,”­explains­Mr­Mezzini.­“It­functions­as­a­non-intrusive­overlay­to­the­existing­transport­systems­of­a­city,­connecting­traffic­­super­vision,­ SCADA­ (Supervisory­ Control­ and­ Data­­Acquisition),­ticketing­and­security,­as­well­as­the­police­­department,­fire­and­other­related­services.”

OPTIMISING THE WHOLE For­operators,­this­vision­of­a­smart­city­means­having­a­‘big­picture’­of­the­city’s­transport­systems­and­being­able­to­offer­options­to­passengers­that­accommodate­

The digital key to smart transport

“Combining­all­transport modes and city services and­establishing­

interaction between them will deliver the­greatest­added­

value.”Alexis Chavelas

Vice Pres ident , Secur i ty & C i ty Mobi l i ty, A ls tom

the­variables­of­a­city.­This­could­be­anything­from­­planning­extra­buses­to­suggesting­ways­for­commuters­to­bypass­a­high-capacity­transport­line­(metro­or­rail)­

which­may­be­congested­because­of­a­sporting­event.­

While­ new­ technologies­ are­ certainly­opening­ up­ new­ opportunities­ for­ transport, it is also key to establish ­interaction­between­them.­“Optimising­cities­with­ their­ growing­ populations­won’t happen in isolation or within a ­single­neighbourhood,”­says­­­Mr­­Chavelas.­“It­ all­ has­ to­ be­ brought­ together­ to­­really­work.­ Combining­ all­ transport­modes­and­city­­services­and­establishing­interaction between them will deliver the­greatest­added­value.”­

Furthermore, since it is clearly in the interest­of­ cities­ to­ support­ this­ step­ahead in multimodal transport, political will­is­vital.­Fortunately,­this­­increasingly­seems­to­be­the­case,­with­a­growing­number­of­city­and­transport­authorities­now­realising­how­this­­mobility­future­can­ help­ them­ achieve­ their­ goals,­

be they environmental, social or economic.

At the same time, transport operators are extremely active­ in­ the­ field,­ as­ are­ suppliers­ and­ mobility­­specialists,­like­Alstom,­who­are­playing­an­important­supporting­role­in­establishing­this­new­­multimodal­mobility order.

Experts: Alexis Chavelas, Vice President, Security & City Mobility, Alstom, and Laurent Mezzini, Director, City Flow & Energy Solutions, Alstom

18

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2

Many of the developments in mobility, including autonomous vehicles and people-centric services, are actively facilitated by big data. Without the huge amount of data available and, more importantly, the power to harness it, these products and services would not be possible. The computing power to transfer and analyse data and the infrastructure to store it in large volumes is revolutionising the way people move.

DIFFERENT DATA FOR DIFFERENT EVENTSThere­are­ three­key­ types­of­data­when­ it­ comes­ to­­mobility:­supply­(and­its­performance),­people­demand­and­city­intelligence.­The­supply­data­reflects­how­different­trans-port­modes­are­performing­–­whether­they­are on schedule and whether there is any issue­or­delay.­This­data­can­be­used­for­traffic­optimisation­and­has­a­high­enough­maturity level to provide operator systems with­a­good­track­of­supply­performance,­even­in­real-time.

The­second­type­of­data­represents­demand­and­ can­ help­ analyse­ people­ flow,­ by­­locating­people­and­identifying­where­they­want­to­go.­Current­technologies­are­able­to measure and track the demand but they aren’t universally deployed and they still need­to­deal­with­the­issue­of­privacy­before­operators­can­make­use­of­the­data.­

The­final­type­of­data­is­the­intelligence­that­stems­from­the­ city­ itself,­ whether­ about­ road­ works,­ weather­­forecasts,­pollution­or­other­events.­This­data­can­help­with­incident­responses,­and­is­evolving­quickly­with­more­­mature­sources­of­data­becoming­available­all­of­the­time,­often­as­public­open­data.­

There­are­then­two­types­of­events­that­can­be­better­­managed­ by­ the­ data,­ the­ first­ of­which­ allows­ for­­prediction.­“For­example,­if­there­is­a­sports­event­or­a­

snow storm you can predict that the transport system will­have­issues­and­inform­passengers­ahead­of­time­to optimise demand, as well as transport operators to ­reinforce­ services,”­ says­ Juan-Carlos­ Villalba,­ Data­­Analytics­Group­Manager­at­Alstom.­

The­second­type­of­event­is­those­that­cause­disruption­which­is­unpredictable.­“Operators­and­transport­author-ities­require­the­right­tools­to­coordinate­and­manage­these­crises­as­quickly­and­efficiently­as­possible,”­says­Mr­Villalba.­This­means­having­systems­which­show­

what’s­happening­and­what­can­be­done­to­mitigate­any­further­issues.­The­system­should also be able to show how the ­possible­actions­would­affect­the­current­status­of­the­transport­mode­in­question.­

MAKING THE DATA WORKMuch­of­the­insight­of­the­data­is­reliant­on­ supply­ and­ demand.­ If­ transport­ operators know that there is more demand for­a­ ­particular­service­and­can­predict­this, then they can prepare in advance. Data­ can­ help­ them­ to­ do­ this.­ For­­example,­if­there’s­an­incident­at­a­station­it­is­likely­that­­passengers­will­need­to­use­a­ different­ service,­ and­ the­ transport­­operator­ can­ inform­ ­passengers­ and­­prepare­the­system­to­deal­with­this.­This­data­can­come­from­­many­sources,­like­IoT­sensors,­edge­computing­processors­or­

third­party­systems;­some­examples­include­smoke,­fire­or­ flood­ sensors,­ alert/emergency­ buttons­ or­ video­analytics­­algorithms.­Data­needs­to­be­gathered­and­aggregated­using­a­platform­which­will­allow­cross-referencing­of­supply­and­demand.­“Having­access­to­data­is­fundamental,­but­making­it­work­to­help­solve­problems­ is­ more­ important,”­ adds­ Alvaro­ Urech,­Innovation­Manager­at­Alstom.

Today,­in­many­cases,­data­is­available­in­‘near­real-time’.­

“Having­access­to­data­is­fundamental,­but­making­it­work­­

to help solve problems is more important.”

Alvaro Urech Innovat ion­Manager,­

A ls tom

Experts :Alvaro Urech and Juan-Car los Vi l la lba

How­data­can­change­the way people move

19

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2

For example, the City­of­Chicago12­pulls­together­seven­­million­different­pieces­of­data­from­city­departments­–­including­its­emergency­services­–­every­day.­This­­enables­ it­to­provide­real-time­data­analysis­to­city­managers­so­they­can­better­predict and allocate resources, as well as respond­to­emergencies­and­uncover­trends­that would have otherwise been invisible. Many transport authorities and operators within­cities,­including­Venice­and­Seattle­publish their services on websites such as transitfeeds.com,­in­some­cases­in­­real-time.

“While­ on­ the­ supply­ side­ there­ are­­systems­which­give­the­operator­ ­real-time­ location­of­ the­vehicles­ (satellite­navigation­or­others),­that­same­kind­of­system­is­not­as­accessible­for­passenger­location,”­Mr­Urech­explains.­

Telecom­operators­(telcos)­have­data­on­cell­phone­positioning­which­is­­aggregated,­but­not­currently­in­real-time.­However,­the­current­accuracy­of­telco­positioning­is­­acceptable­to­use­for­macro­analysis­–­for­suburban­or­long­distance­movements,­but­isn’t­detailed­enough­for­micro­­analysis­inside­cities.­While­people­flow­monitoring­is­a­real­challenge­using­telco­data­today,­(as­telcos­are­unable­to­aggregate,­cleanse­and­analyse­the­data­in­real-time,­and don’t provide the accuracy required in urban ­mobility),­this­may­change­in­the­near­future.­Many­telcos­are­working­to­provide­real-time­data/analytics­and­new­technologies­like­5G­may­bring­the­positioning­capabilities­required­for­efficient­in-city­people­flow­monitoring.­

Other­types­of­technologies­are­also­used­to­measure­demand­–­ticketing­is­the­way­this­has­been­done­for­many years, but transport systems vary in the amount of­information­this­gives­the­operator.­For­example,­many­systems­only­acknowledge­that­a­passenger­has­entered­a­station,­with­no­information­about­where­they­are­going.­“Other­options­include­video­analytics­which­can­help­an­operator­recognise­the­movement­of­people­ from­ one­ station­ to­ another,­ providing­­anonymisation­of­the­images­to­ensure­privacy,”­says­­Mr­­Villalba.­“There­are­other­devices­like­­stereoscopic­cameras­or­infrared­barriers­that­draw­a­line­in­some­area­of­the­station­and­count­how­many­people­are­flowing­in­one­direction­or­another,”­he­adds.

Mr­Villalba­suggests­there­are­other­indirect­­approaches­that­transport­authorities­can­use­to­infer­the­transport­

demand, like third party applications that passengers­use­to­plan­their­ trips­(trip­planner­ apps),­ detection­ of­ ­devices­connected­to­Wi-Fi­or­Bluetooth­or­sensors­inside­ vehicles­ that­ can­ gauge­ the­pressure/weight­of­the­load.­Though­there­is­­unlikely­to­be­100­percent­­accuracy­with­any­of­these­options,­they­are­­accurate­enough­ to­ be­ used­ to­ determine­ the­magnitude­and­­nature­of­passenger­flows.

IT’S NOT JUST ABOUT WHERE THE DATA COMES FROMData­and­governance­are­critical,­­according­to­­Mr­­Villalba.­Just­having­any­data­streams­and­ analysing­ it­ isn’t­ going­ to­ help­ a­­transport­system­run­­effectively.­The­data­itself­needs­to­be­reliable­and­­representative­of­reality.­

While­the­different­technologies­pulling­data, such as sensors and cell phones, are important, there­ needs­ to­ be­ a­ focus­ on­ complex,­ secured­architecture­to­store­the­vast­amounts­of­data.­For­the­most­ effective­ solution,­multimodal­ operators­ and­transport authorities should be able to coordinate and orchestrate­transport­together­so­they­have­a­full­view­of­what’s­happening­in­the­city.­This­means­that­bus,­train and taxi services can work in conjunction and improve­­results­for­the­city­as­a­whole.

Experts: Juan-Carlos Villalba, Data Analytics Group Manager, Alstom, and Alvaro Urech, Innovation Manager, Alstom

How data can change the way people move

“Operators­and­transport authorities require­the­right­

tools to coordinate and­manage­these­

crises as quickly and efficiently­as­possible.”

Juan-Car los Vi l la lba Data­Analyt ics ­Group­Manager,­

Alstom

20

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2

“Mobility can now be seen as an information service with physical transport products, rather than a transport product with additional services.” How much truth is there in this observation from the 2016 study ‘The world is changing. Transport, too’13? Plenty to justify the existence of the MaaS Alliance, a public-private partnership (PPP) launched in 2015 to build the foundations for a common approach to this new model.

“By­combining­physical­mobility­with­data,­we­can­improve­trans-port­through­better­planning­and­management­of­services.­These­two­aspects­work­hand­in­hand,”­says­Piia­Karjalainen,­MaaS­Alliance­Coordinator­at­ERTICO­–­ITS­­Europe.

THE FUTURE OF CITIES – BUILDING MAAS TOGETHERIn­this­evolving­context,­where­vehicles,­modes,­and­infrastructure­are­converging­with­data,­­Mobility­as­a­Service­(MaaS),­often­referred­to­as­the­Netflix­or­Spotify­of­transport,­is­steadily­­gaining­traction.­“Cities­like­Vienna­and­Helsinki­are probably the most advanced, but it doesn’t stop­with­them­–­I­have­been­happy­to­witness­so­many­new­innovative­services­popping­up,­and­more­is­to­come,”­says­Ms­Karjalainen.­“­Developing­MaaS­is­an­ongoing,­organic­process.­The­end-user­services­are­evolving­and­over­time­I­think­we’re­going­to­see­a­lot­more­value-added­services,­both­related­to­mobility,­like­paying­for­parking,­and­others,­such­as­seamless­grocery­ordering­and­delivery,­peer-to-peer­city­logistics­services­or­combined­travel­and­event­tickets.”

The­term­MaaS­describes­a­pay-as-you-go­or­subscription-based­approach­to­mobility­that­includes­every­option­on­offer,­from­both­public­and­private­providers,­and­covers­every­angle­from­journey­planning­to­payment.“If­it­were­easy­to­implement­MaaS,­it­would­have­been­done­earlier,”­points­out­Ms­Karjalainen.­“The­fact­it’s­taking­time­to­implement­MaaS­proves­the­complexity­of­the­task.­But­we­have­the­right­conditions­in­Europe,­like­the­availability­of­open­transport­data­bases,­for­example.”

Experts :Pi ia Kar ja la inen and Dr Johanna Tzanidaki

Part­of­these­‘right­conditions’­involves­making­use­of­these­open­data­bases­to­streamline­urban­transport­management.­Alstom’s­Mastria­multimodal­solution­generates­high-quality­information,­accessible­through­these­open­data­platforms,­for­on-demand­­services­such­as­car­sharing,­self-service­bikes­and­parking.­All­the­information­is­provided­in­real-time­from­all­transport­modes.­This­makes­Mastria­very­much­a­part­of­the­MaaS­movement.­­“Mobility­as­a­service­will­undoubtedly­mature­in­the­coming­decade,”­says­­the­study­‘The­world­is­changing.­Transport,­too’, which anticipates

“a­­­continued­and­significant­development­in­the­application­of­increasingly­intelligent­real-time­traffic­management­tools,­which­will­free­up­some­additional­ network­ capacity­ through­smoother­flows.”

OPENING UP AVENUESFor city and transport authorities, operators, new providers,­suppliers­and­end-users,­multimodality­opens up new avenues to meet their particular needs.­As­well­as­a­means­of­tackling­road­­congestion­and­local­air­pollution,­another­benefit­of­multimodality­for­authorities­is­bringing­­­first/last-mile­trips­(often­missing­links­in­established­mobility­chains)­into­the­­picture,­through­bike­sharing­or­on-demand­shuttle­buses,­for­­instance.

Dr­Johanna­Tzanidaki,­­Innovation­&­Deployment­Director­at­ERTICO­–­ITS­Europe,­believes­this­win-win­prospect­is­the­incentive­driving­stake-holders­to­step­in­and­really­care­about­developing­the­MaaS­model:­­“Public­authorities,­users,­cities­and­industries­–­if­each­actor­understands­they­have­something­to­gain,­they’re­going­to­be­

­incentivised­to­take­action­in­this­direction.”­While­there­is­no­one-solution-fits-all,­­having­closely­integrated­transport­services­is­­definitely­appealing­for­all­cities,­both­big­and­small.

Experts: Piia Karjalainen, Coordinator, MaaS Alliance, ERTICO – ITS Europe, and Dr Johanna Tzanidaki, Director, Innovation & Deployment, ERTICO – ITS Europe

Towards MaaS

“By­combining­physical mobility with data, we can improve transport through­better­planning­

and­management­ of­services.”

Pi ia Kar ja la inen Coord inator, MaaS A l l iance,

ERTICO­–­ ITS­Europe

21

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2

Given the changing dynamics of the transport market, Alstom is staying on track by diversifying into a global mobility provider. Building up partnerships and technology bricks are key to this strategic move.

“In­general,­our­customers­(transport­authorities,­cities­and­operators)­today­are­requesting­a­mobility­offer­that­reaches­beyond­rolling­stock­to­integrate­all­the­different­transport­modes,”­explains­Rémi­Rovira,­Director­of­the­Madrid­Innovation­&­­Development­Centre­at­Alstom.­“In­addition­to­high-­capacity­mass­transport­like­the­metro,­our­customers­also­want­first/last-mile­services­and­coordination­between­all­the­different­modes­ to­ensure­ they­ function­efficiently­­together­as­a­whole.”­

POWER OF PARTNERSHIPS – ‘ONLY THE BEST’As­a­global­mobility­provider,­Alstom­is­counting­on­its­proven­track­record­in­high-capacity­­transport­for­ leverage,­ in­addition­to­other­­actions.­Through­strategic­partnerships*, the company­ is­ also­ busy­ creating­ a­ robust­­multimodal­ portfolio.­Such­moves­ include­­acquiring­shares­in­autonomous­vehicle­(AV)­firm­EasyMile­to­gain­a­foothold­in­the­first/last-mile­mobility­segment,­working­on­data­solutions­with­Microsoft,­and­pocketing­digital­firms­like­rail­connectivity­solution­provider­­Nomad­ (based­ in­ the­ UK)­ and­ on-board­­connectivity­and­infotainment­supplier­21net­(headquartered­in­­Belgium).­The­decision­to­join­forces­with­Airbus­on­cybersecurity­ in­April­2017­further­­illustrates­this­point.­“Even­if­we’re­not­doing­the­same­transport­mode,­we­share­the­same­level­of­analysis­and­security,”­explains­Mr­Rovira.­“All­the­critical­systems­expertise­coming­from­this­partnership­will­be­­introduced­into­our­multimodal­services.”­“We­are­developing­our­internal­exper­tise,­too,”­adds­Pablo­Santiago,­Innovation­­Programme­­Manager­at­Alstom­Madrid.­“The­main­idea­is­to­bring­to­Alstom,­either­directly­(in­house)­or­through­partners,­all­the­different­competencies­and­­additional­technologies­to­ensure­we­can­compete­in­tomorrow’s­new­

Experts :Rémi Rovira and Pablo Sant iago

world­of­­multimodal­transport.”­Collecting­all­the­­technologies­to­create­a­highly­efficient­­multimodal­system­is­a­complex­challenge;­one­that­depends­on­‘only­the­best’.­“That’s­why­we’re­also­working­with­universities­and­research­institutes­like­the­French­­SystemX­and­Inria,­and­start-ups­too,­of­course,”­says Mr Rovira.As­well­as­bringing­tech,­such­as­new­algorithms­and­data,­to­the­table,­start-ups­have­another­card­up­their­sleeve.­“Mobility­is­now­a­digital­market­and­speed­to­market­is­key,”­says­Mr­­Santiago.­“Start-ups­are­extremely­agile­and­this­is­important­for­a­big­group­like­Alstom.”­Given­this­new­mobility­paradigm,­over the past two to three years Alstom has carried out a major

digital­transformation­in­house.­The­move­has­led­to­the­creation­of­different­departments­like­the­Madrid­Innovation­&­­­Development­Centre,­and­is­­designed­in­part­to­increase­speed­to­ market.

BRINGING ADDED VALUE TO THE TABLEAlstom­ is­ present­ in­ 60­ countries­with­105­ sites­ and­has­ ambitions­ to­ expand­engineering­centres­internationally­(recently­opening­a­location­in­Bangalore,­India).­This­allows the company to serve its diverse base of­250­customers.­All­of­this­opens­a­door­to­rich­opportunities­for­Alstom­partners.­“We­have­a­good­reputation­ for­delivery­and,­through­our­relationships­with­customers­and­cities,­definitely­have­our­finger­on­the­mobility­pulse,”­adds­Mr­Rovira.­Beyond­the­surface,­Alstom­is­equipped­with­skills­ that­bring­

unique added value to today’s new mobility order. “ Besides rolling­stock­and­components,­we­are­working­in­many­less­immediately­obvious,­transport-­oriented­fields­like­telecoms,­video analytics, data science, and biometrics. Plus, there’s our­digital­department,­a­major­­asset,”­points­out­Mr­Santiago.­“Through­partnerships­we­are­building­up­expertise­together­to­improve­our­offer­to­­customers.”

Experts: Rémi Rovira, Director, Madrid Innovation & Development Centre, Alstom, and Pablo Santiago, Madrid Innovation Programme Manager, Alstom

The smart journey is an open journey

*­Specific­examples­withheld­for­confidentiality­reasons.

“Start-ups­ are­extremely­agile­

and this is important for­a­big­group­ like­Alstom.”

Pablo Sant iago Madr id ­ Innovat ion­Programme­

Manager, ­A ls tom

22

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2

Why is everyone in urban transport talking multimodality? For cities to meet growing mobility demand and effectively tackle issues like congestion and air pollution, they are going to need ultra- efficient systems. Such ‘smart’ systems (whereby all the different transport modes ‘talk to each other’) integrate aspects such as the dynamics of passenger flow, real-time traffic supervision, service disruptions and first/last-mile trips. This is the obvious way ahead.

“The­multimodal­future­of­cities­depends­on­transforming­how­services­are­designed,­implemented­and­managed­to­ensure­they­function­more­efficiently­as­a­whole,”­says­Pascal­Poisson,­Open­Innovation­Manager­at­Alstom­­Digital­Mobility.

The­mobility­solution­hosted­modelling­project­(Modélisation­de­Solutions­de­Mobilité,­or­MSM)­led­by­French­digital­accelerator­hub­IRT­SystemX­is­playing­a­part­in­this­transformation­process.­Running­since­2016­with­Alstom­on­board,­it­is­a­four-year­­initiative­that­aims­to­validate,­in­real­operating­­conditions,­solutions­developed­to­improve­understanding­of­local­mobility­and­help­boost­journey­flow­for­people­travelling­in­urban­areas.­A­real-life­demo­in­phase­2­in­the­Paris-La­Défense­district,­is­scheduled­to­start­­in­­September­2018.

“During­a­previous­project,­we­ran­our­multimodal,­city­mobility­supervision and optimisation system as a demo in a simulated environment,­on­a­large­multimodal­hub­in­the­south­of­Paris­(Massy),”­explains­Mr­Poisson.­“The­next­step­is­the­MSM­project,­during­which­we­want­to­move­ahead­from­simulating­the­capabilities­of­this­system,­since­baptised­Mastria,­to­validating­them­in­the­field.”­“There’s­a­further­benefit­of­the­MSM­project­ for­ Alstom,­ too,”­ he­ adds.­“­Working­with­the­other­project­partners­

will­enable­us­to­add­extra­functions­to­­Mastria,­and­­increase­its­added­value.”Through­the­MSM­initiative,­Alstom­will­demonstrate­the­following­capacities:•­incident­pattern­analysis­thanks­to­big­data;•­nework­behaviour­prediction­to­forecast­traffic­and­passenger­ flow­within­an­hour’s­ time­ and­ to­ propose­making­­operational­decisions;•­ evaluation­ of­ different­multimodal­­regulation­strategies­(e.g.­adding­­vehicles­during­a­peak­hour);­• and crisis incident simulations. “Mastria is built to help multimodal

transport­operators­meet­the­expectations­of­their­two­client­bases:­contractual­obligations­to­organising­authorities­and­quality­commitments­to­end-users,­the­riders,”­says­­Mr­Poisson.­“Looking­to­the­near­future,­this­quality­will­also­be­judged­on­the­door-to-door­journey­experience.”­Through­the­MSM­project,­Alstom­wants­to­prove­the­supervision­capabilities­of­Mastria­for­first/last-kilometre­travel,­i.e.­intelligently­managing­the­flexibility­of­services­in­sync­with­the­real-time­flow­of­high-capacity transport modes to ensure journey continuity.

TOWARDS A NEW APPROACH TO MOBILITY MANAGEMENTToday,­cities­are­seeking­mobility­solutions­to­tackle­diverse­issues,­such­as­growing­travel­demand­(due­to­urban­­population­growth),­local­air­pollution­and­the­need­to­diversify­the­­t­ransport­offer­to­meet­changing­work­patterns.­“This­is­why­transport authorities want to improve the way mobility is ­governed­and­regulated,­to­protect­collective­interests,”­says­Mr Poisson. Given the stakes at play, it makes sense these actors­are­eyeing­solutions­like­Mastria­to­help­keep­them­at­the­­forefront­of­­tomorrow’s­mobility.

Expert: Pascal Poisson, Open Innovation Manager, Alstom Digital Mobility

Paris:simulating

smart transport

SOUTH AFRICA

THE MSM PROJECT brings together industry actors Alstom, Bouygues Télécom, Cosmo Tech, OpenDataSoft, RATP, and Renault, as well as academic partners that include École polytechnique, IIfsttar, Institut Mines Télécom and Laboratoire Ville Mobilité Transport (LVMT).

23

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2

SOUTH AFRICA

The historic city of Florence, in Tuscany, is not designed for modern traffic. Despite the city’s age, or perhaps because of it, it needs up-to-date solutions to allow people to get around efficiently.

Alstom­is­leading­a­pilot­project,­known­as Mobility 4.0 Smart City, to improve the transportation­management­system­of­the­city.­“The­aim­is­to­promote­more­sustainable­and­efficient­mobility­though­an­ ­integrated­ system­ that­ can­dynamically­manage­different­modes­of­transport such as trains, buses, trams and­the­­metro,”­says­Barbara­Venchiarutti,­­project­leader.­

Alstom­is­coordinating­the­pilot,­developing­the­multimodal­­supervision­system­and­acting­as­system­integrator,­working­with­three­other­companies­and­two­academic­institutions:­Kiunsys,­a­Pisa-based­company­and­specialist­in­smart­parking­and­­mobility­solutions;­Devitalia,­a­telecoms­network­infrastructure­provider;­Tages,­which­works­on­sustainable­and­multimodal­urban­planning;­the­University­of­Florence,­which­has­significant­experience­working­with­big­data­and­simulations;­and­the­­National­Inter-University­­Consortium­for­Telecommunications­(CNIT),­comprising­37­Italian­universities­with­expertise­in­man/machine­interfaces­in­the­mobility­sector.

The­group­will­define­a­set­of­use­cases­and­Key­Performance­Indicators­(KPIs)­together­with­the­municipality­to­monitor­the­multimodal system capabilities, which will be utilised by the local mobility­operator.­They­will­be­able­to­coordinate­more­­efficiently­with other transport operators and, consequently, the overall transport network.

The­six­organisations­will­develop­an­integrated­software­system,­including­loT­hardware­with­­Alstom’s­multimodal­supervision­software­Mastria,­at­its­core.­The­system­will­then­be­tested­both­in­

the­ lab­ and­ the­ field.­ According­ to­ Paola Ponticelli, Kiunsys’s Business Developer,­ it­ is­ important­that­Active­­Parking­ ­Management­ functions­ are­­validated­in­the­field,­as­they­­demonstrate­the­group’s­­coordination­capabilities.

“The­ solution­ will­ give­ real-time­recommendations­to­allow­for­prompt­responses to external events, such as weather-­related­disruptions­and­traffic­accidents, with adequate services. It will­ also­ help­ provide­ long-term­recommendations to optimise the municipality’s­mobility­planning,”­says­

­Ms­Venchiarutti.­ “Another­benefit­of­ the­project­will­be­smoother­travel­within­the­­region,­particularly­via­public­transport,”­she­adds.­“We­need­to­ensure­a­more­comfortable­experience­for­public­transport­­p­assengers­and­can­make­this­happen­by­combining­people­ flow­demand­models­and­dynamic­­multimodal­­adjustments­within­the­­solution.”­

Florence­will­be­an­ideal­showcase­for­Alstom’s­technology­because­it­has­a­wide­range­of­mobility­conditions­and­different­modes­of­transport,­including­the­soon-to-open­second­and­third­tram­lines,­which­may­optimise­the­number­of­buses­in­the­city.­Since­Florence­receives­a­consistent­incoming­mobility­flow,­the­project­will­expand­to­the­surrounding­area,­including­the­­traffic­arteries­from­Pisa­and­the­port­city­of­Livorno.

“Alstom­understands­the­needs­and­the­networks­of­these­two­cities,­along­with­Florence.­Through­this­pilot,­we­will­be­able­to come up with solutions that can be scaled up and applied to large­metropolitan­cities,”­Ms­Venchiarutti­says.­“Every­city­has­its own conditions, so it is important that the multimodal ­management­system­we­deploy­is­flexible­enough­to­adapt­to­every­city’s­needs.”

Expert: Barbara Venchiarutti, Project Leader, Alstom

Tuscany:learning to orchestrate

the city

MOBILITY 4.0 SMART CITY is a pilot coordinated by Alstom. It involves regional industry actors such as Kiunsys, Devitalia and Tages, as well as the University of Florence and the National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications.

24

Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2

Creating a city with Minecraft or SimCity mirrors the concept of modelling an urban ecosystem in many ways, but the reality is far more complex. In the real world, it acts as a representative tool of how people interact with their surroundings.

Modellers­ can­ leverage­ core­ functions­ thanks­ to­ new­­computational­resources­and­power,­a­range­of­structured­and­ unstructured data and better interactions between modellers and the city planners ­working­for­the­authorities.­But­each­type­of­­model­has­to­be­unique.­As­Dr­Lidia­Montero,­­Associate­Professor­of­the­Department­of­­Operations­Research­at­ the­University­of­ Barcelona, explains, there is not just one type of­model­that­can­be­replicated­across­all­­urban­ecosystems.­The­reason­is­that­even­­within­a­model,­there­are­different­aspects­that­need­to­be­taken­into­account­depending­on the local context and its complex system.

WHAT’S CHANGED?Today,­modelling­urban­areas­has­become­more­ difficult­ due­ to­ accelerated­ urban­growth.­ But­ perhaps­more­ importantly,­­technology­has­changed­the­way­that­those­who­are­developing­models­work.­“Throughout­ my­ long­ career,­ we­ were­developing­models­with­only­a­few­pieces­of­data.­Now­with­the­volume­of­data­and­analytics­the­problem­is­the­opposite­–­we­have­lots­of­data,­but­that’s­not­enough­in­itself,”­says­Dr­Montero.­She­suggests­that­real-time­data­and­analytics­will allow developers to make more sophisticated models. For example,­knowing­whether­a­train­route­should­be­in­a­certain­place­may­make­sense­at­one­time,­but­because­of­other­city­plans to build residential homes, this may not be possible. Having­up-to-date­information­can­enable­modellers­to­see­how­an­area­is­­changing­and­what­is­causing­those­changes,­and­anticipate­the­impact.­But­according­to­Dr­Montero,­learning­how to use data is not an easy task because it requires that

companies­collaborate­in­order­to­fuse­data­­together,­and­determine­its­accuracy.­“We­have­data­from­­companies­that­do­analytics­with­GPS­positions­from­beacons,­enabling­them­to­obtain­travel­times­and­data­related­to­traffic,­but­we­have­to­validate­this­source­of­data.”While­the­quality­of­the­data­is­not­always­guaranteed,­the­models­are­already­yielding­valuable­lessons.­Dr­Montero­and­her team contributed to the Urban­Co-Car­project, based on

the­digital­modelling­of­a­central­Barcelona­neighbourhood.­The­researchers­worked­with­a­virtual­vehicle­fleet­with­dynamically­shared­routes,­aiming­to­absorb­10%­of­ the­ trips­­currently­made­by­private­vehicles.­The­project­helped­measure­the­impact­of­a­shared-vehicle­system­with­total-­or­partially-overlapping­routes,­revealing­valuable­insights­about­fleet­management,­flexibility­of­routes­and­system­accessibility.

A PATH TOWARDS MODELLING MOBILITYDr­Montero­is­hopeful­that­modellers­will­work­with­companies­and­data­scientists­to­make­good­use­of­this­data.­“In­five­years,­we­are­going­to­be­able­to­use­some­new­sources­of­data­easily,­which­will allow us to model with constantly updated data­of­a­situation­and­the­city­–­and­then­we­can­focus­on­modelling­mobility,”­she­says.“There­are­new­types­of­transportation­services­that­could­require­modelling­–­so­not­just­buses­and­trains,­but­the­ability­to­further­model­car­sharing­or­multiple-passenger­ride­sharing­or­

demand-responsive­transport,”­she­adds.­While­technology­and­data­are­providing­modellers­with­unique­challenges,­they­are­also­providing­the­basis­for­much­more­sophisticated models, and this will enable smart cities and smart­transport­networks­to­flourish.­

Expert: Dr Lidia Montero, Barcelona Virtual Mobility Lab Project Leader and Associate Professor, University of Barcelona

“In­five­years,­we­are­going­to­be­able­ to use some new

sources­of­data­easily­[…] then we can focus­on­modelling­

mobility.”Dr L id ia Montero,

Barce lona Vi r tua l Mobi l i ty Lab Pro ject Leader ­and­Assoc iate ­Professor,­

Univers i ty ­o f ­Barce lona

Expert :Dr L id ia Montero

What­does­it­take­to­model­an urban ecosystem?

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BOOKING POSSIBILITY

PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS

PEOPLE FLOWANALYTICS

CONNECTION MANAGEMENT

REAL-TIME PASSENGER INFORMATION

Your train is 10 minutes late. Should I order an espresso?

Weather alert: storm expected. See alternative route by shuttle.

6:15 p.m.

Your shuttle is awaiting train arrival.

Your pre-ordered bike #14 is free outside office.

6:00 p.m.

Leonard Street under construction: Follow alternative route.

Timetable updated, see optimised departures.

6:07 p.m.

8:29 a.m.

8:00 a.m. 8:12 a.m.

INCIDENT DETECTION + DYNAMIC ROUTING

The smart journey

Smart multimodal mobility requires planning, detection, optimisation, orchestration and information-sharing with passengers, in order to provide a seamless journey with minimal costs and environmental impacts and optimised flow, while responding to passenger preferences.

Control centre

R E F E R E N C E S

1.­ Max­Ramsay,­‘After­fifty­years­of­false­starts,­is­Bogota­finally­about to build its metro?’­CityMetric,­October­2017.­

2.­ Warwick­Goodall,­Tiffany­Dovey­Fishman,­Justine­Bornstein­and Brett Bonthron, ‘The­rise­of­mobility­as­a­service,­Reshaping­how­urbanites­get­around,’­Deloitte­Review,­issue­20,­2017.

3.­ INRIX­Global­Traffic­Scorecard,­2017.

4. Federico Guerrini, ‘Traffic­Congestion­Costs­Americans­ $124­Billion­A­year,­Report­Says,’­Forbes,­October­2014.

5.­ Steven­R.­Gehrke,­Alison­Felix­and­Timothy­Reardon,­ ‘Fare­Choices,­A­Survey­of­Ride-Hailing­Passengers­in­Metro­Boston,’ Metropolitan­Area­Planning­Council,­Report­#1,­February­2018.

6.­ David­A.­Hensher,­‘Tackling­road­congestion­-­ what­might­it­look­like­in­the­future?’­Institute­of­Transport­and­Logistics­Studies,­The­Business­School,­University­of­Sydney,­December­2017.

7.­ Tod.org,­The­Transit­Oriented­Development­Institute

8.­ ‘What­Cities­Can­Learn­From­Greater­Toronto’s­ Transit-Oriented­Development,’­Smart­Cities­Dive;­John­Karras,­‘How­Your­City­Can­Succeed­In­Transit­Oriented­Development,’ UrbanSCALE.com,­March­2014.

9.­ John­Urry,­Joanne­Leach,­Nick­Dunn,­Claire­Coulton­and­ the­Liveable­Cities­Team,­‘The­Little­Book­of­Car­Free­Cities,’ Lancaster­University,­2017.

10.­ Cotten­Seiler,­‘We’re­still­married­to­the­car­–­even­though­ we don’t love it any more,’­The­Guardian,­March­2018.

11.­ Liu­Shaokun,­‘Can­Chinese­cities­leave­the­car­behind?’ Chinesedialogue.net,­May­2018.

12.­ Abdul­Montaqim,­‘Real­world­use­cases­for­real-time­ data analytics,’­Enterprise­Management­360°,­January­2016.

13.­ ‘Research­for­TRAN­Committee­-­The­world­is­changing.­Transport,­too.’­Directorate-General­for­Internal­Policies,­ Policy­Department­B:­Structural­and­Cohesion­Policies,­ European­Parliament’s­Committee­on­Transport­and­Tourism,­2016.

For more information visit www.alstom.com

France, Europe, Middle East & AfricaAlstom48,­rue­Albert­Dhalenne93482­Saint-Ouen­Cedex­-­FranceTelephone:­+33­1­57­06­90­00

Latin AmericaAlstomVirgilio­Wey­Street,­150Água­Branca05036-050­São­Paulo/SP­-­BrazilTelephone:­+55­11­3617-8000

Asia PacificAlstomNo.66/02,­Embassy­Prime,B­Wing­3rd­Floor,C­V­Raman­Nagar,Bangalore­-­560­093Karnataka­-­IndiaTelephone:­+91­80­4641­2400

North AmericaAlstom641­Lexington­AvenueNew­York,­NY­10022­-­USATelephone:­+1­212­692­5320

www.alstom.com

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