PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

ORC Overview

October 13, 2016

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Rankine Cycle

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 3

• A thermodynamic cycle which converts heat energy into mechanical work

• The primary components consist of:

– an evaporator (or boiler)

– a Turbine

– a Condenser

– and a pump.

• Real world examples of the Rankine Cycle: Steam Locomotive, Coal Power Plant, Nuclear Power Plant, ORC

What is an Rankine Cycle?

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

How an ORC works

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

ORC vs Steam

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Rankine Cycle: T-S Diagram

• Axis of Temperature

and Entropy

• Projection of Constant

Pressure Lines

• Convenient Means to

Visualize Vapor

Compression Cycles

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Rankine Cycle: T-S Diagram

Liquid Vapor

Two-Phase

This Bell Shaped Curve is Known as the Saturation Curve

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Rankine Cycle: Steam (Ideal)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Process Steps:

• 1-2: Isentropic

Compression

• 2-3: Isobaric heat

addition

• 3-4: Isentropic

Expansion

• 4-1: Isobaric heat

rejection

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Why ORC vs Steam?

• Uses organic fluid (refrigerant)

• Lower saturation temperatures and pressures

• Produce power from low grade heat

• Non corrosive working medium

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180

230

280

330

380

430

480

530

580

630

680

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Tem

pe

ratu

re (

K)

Entropy (kJ/kg-K)

Water

R245fa

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Different Working Fluids

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Working Fluids

• Isentropic Saturation Curve – Operating Temperature

– Operating Pressures

– Pressure Ratio of Cycle

• Heat of Vaporization & Density – Reduced pump load

• Environmental Impact – Ozone depletion potential (ODP)

– Global warming potential (GWP)

• Safety – Flammability

– Physical

• Availability & Cost

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Working Fluids

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Turbine Technologies

Axial Screw Radial Shrouded Radial

Can handle higher pressure ratios

Cheapest Efficient over large range Efficient over large range Hermetically sealed No shaft seals

Most Expensive Large Thrust Load

Least Efficient Shaft Seals

Shaft seals High speed

Integrated

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Company

Working Fluid HFC365mfc & PFPE (flammable)

Toluene (flammable)

R245fa R245fa

Turbine Technology

Muti-stage axial radial screw Shrouded radial

Bearing Technology

Ball Bearings Ball Bearings Ball Bearing Magnetic Bearings

Grid Interface Synchronous Generator

Inverter Synchronous

Generator Inverter

Some Players

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Different Markets

Industrial

Biomass Boilers Engines

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Sample Installations

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Hydrocurrent 125EJW ORC

on Maersk line

• Hydrocurrent 125EJW was installed on Arnold

Maersk while at sea (all work to retrofit was done

during voyage, no down time due to ORC)

• Power is being generated using (85°C) hot water

produced by the engine jacket water (EJW).

• The Thermapower ORCs produces 125 kW of

electric power feeding the ship grid.

Installation Highlights

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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Geothermal - Oita, Japan

• A Thermapower™ MT unit was commissioned at a

geothermal plant in Oita, Japan in June of 2014.

• Power is being generated using steam/hot water already

produced at the geothermal site.

• The Thermapower ORC produces 125 kW of electric

power feeding the utility grid.

Installation Highlights

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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Biomass – Vigliano Biellese, Italy

• Two (2) Thermapower™ MT units where installed

at a pruning and composting plant (previously

sent to landfills) in Vigliano Biellese, Italy in

October 2010.

• Power is being generated using (150°C) hot water

produced by the biomass boiler.

• The Thermapower ORCs produce 250 kW of

electric power feeding the utility grid.

Installation Highlights

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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Fuel Cell – Daegu, Korea

• One (1) Thermapower™ Prepackaged System installed at

Fuel Cell plant in Daegu, Korea.

• Power is being generated using steam produced from

exhaust of Fuel Cells.

• The Thermapower ORC produces 125 kW of electric power

feeding fuel cell parasitics/utility grid.

Installation Highlights

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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

ORC Operation

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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Heat Recovery Prepackaged Systems

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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Heat Recovery Prepackaged Systems

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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Thank You Shamim Imani, Business Unit Leader

simani@calnetix.com

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

Calnetix Background

• Company established in 1998

• Four founders still work at the company

• Global OEM customer base

• Thousands of units shipped with millions of

operating hours accumulated

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• Corporate campus in Cerritos, California,

USA - 7.22 Acres (2.92 Hectare)

– Executive sales and administrative

– Engineering center

– Research and development areas for all

core technology

– Manufacturing (production)

– Testing and validation cells

– Quality control and assurance

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

• Leading Technology for Motor Generators, Magnetic Bearings and Power Electronics

• Product Development and System Integration

• Manufacturing

Expertise

About Calnetix

Core Products and Technologies

3

Magnaforce™ Electric

Motor Generators

Vericycle™ Power

Electronics Insight™ Magnetic

Bearing Controllers

Powerflux™ Active

Magnetic Bearings

Our vision is to make a positive contribution to society and the

environment by helping to change the way the world harvests and

utilizes energy.